scholarly journals Calcination on Ca-Mg-Al Hydrotalcite from Brine Water and Its Characterization

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Heraldy ◽  
Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽  
Heriyanto Heriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Absorption Region ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Wavenumber Region ◽  
Calcination Treatment

<p>The study of calcination treatment at 450°C on Ca-Mg-Al-hydrotalcite from brine water has been investigated. Characterization by XRD shows that Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compound has found hydrotalcite phase and another phase such as Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>, Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub>. These results are confirmed by the presence of hydroxyl groups, M-O and M-OH groups (M is Mg, Ca and Al) at wavenumber region around 3464.35 cm<sup>-1</sup>, 447.50 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 531.41 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The calcination effect on Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compounds at 450ºC being led to changes in structure become an metal oxide such as MgO, CaO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub>. These results are confirmed from decreasing on the absorption peak of M-OH group at wavenumbers region around 531.41 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 786.99 cm<sup>-1</sup> and widening of the absorption region at 500-900 cm<sup>-1</sup>. Consequently, the calcination treatment successfully increased the surface area of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compounds from 97.4 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 156.826 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Morphology of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite changes the shape from a big to be small shape and the particle size distribution of 0-0.25 μm into 0-1 μm. Thermal analysis showed changes in the structure of hydrotalcite into oxide begins at a temperature of 265°C and started to become oxide completely after the temperature reaches 428°C.</p>

scholarly journals CALCINATION ON Ca-Mg-Al HYDROTALCITE FROM BRINE WATER AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Eddy Heraldy ◽  
Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas ◽  
Heriyanto Heriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Absorption Region ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Small Form ◽  
Wavenumber Region ◽  
Calcination Treatment

The study of calcination at 450 ºC on Ca-Mg-Al-hydrotalcite synthesized from brine water has been investigated. Characterization by XRD shows that Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compound has found hydrotalcite phase and another phase such as Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub>, Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub>. These results are confirmed by the presence of hydroxyl groups (-O-H), M-O and M-OH groups (M is Mg, Ca and Al) at wavenumber region around     3463,34 cm<sup>-1</sup>; 447,50 cm<sup>-1</sup>; 536,62 cm<sup>-1</sup>and 786,99 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The calcination on Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite at 450 ºC affected change in the structure become a metal oxide such as MgO, CaO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4,</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub>. These results are confirmed from decreasing on the absorption peak of M-OH group at wavenumbers around 536,62 cm<sup>-1</sup>and 786,99 cm<sup>-1</sup> and widening of the absorption region at 447,5 - 857,4 cm<sup>-1</sup>. Consequently, the calcination treatment successfully increased the surface area of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite compounds from 97.4 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 156.826 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Morphology of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite underwent changes the shape from a big to be a small form. Thermal analysis results showed changes in the structure of Ca-Mg-Al hydrotalcite into oxides begin at a temperature of 210 ºC and become oxide completely after the temperature reaches 420 ºC.

Comparison of Metal-Oxide Nanoparticle Formation in the Cu and Sn Thin Films by the Reaction with Polyimide

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 1237-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwan Pil Park ◽  
Yoon Chung ◽  
Chong Seung Yoon ◽  
Sung Su Jo ◽  
Young Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Polyamic Acid ◽  
Cu Films ◽  
Cu Film

We developed a simple method of producing metal oxide nanoparticles by reacting a polyamic acid (PAA) with Cu or Sn metal films. Respective particle size, distribution, and morphology were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphology of metal oxides dispersed in the polyimide is different in Cu and Sn metal films. The Cu2O particles were formed by the dissolution reaction between the polyamic acid and the Cu films. During curing, PAA dehydrates and converts to polyimide, accompanied by precipitation of Cu2O particles. The synthesized Cu2O particles were randomly dispersed within the polyimide. And their particle size was relatively uniform, having a narrow distribution. Mostly nanosize Cu2O particles were formed in the specimen made from 10 nm thick Cu film and the mixture of nanosize particles and Cu layers were observed in the 30 nm thick Cu film. On the other hands, the Sn film undergoes surface reaction with the polyamic acid. Therefore, the synthesized SnO2 particles existed only at the surface of the substrate. SnO2 particle size distribution was not uniform in the polyimide. Although particles were not distributed uniformly in the polyimide, they were confined in a monolayer. The different particle distributions were attributed to the reactivity difference of PAA with Cu and Sn films.

Effect of Particle Size Distribution and Selective Alcohol Additives for Preparation of High Concentration Coal-Water Slurry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debadutta Das ◽  
Anupama Routray ◽  
Swetashree Pattanaik ◽  
Pankaj K. Parhi ◽  
Bijnyan R. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Water Alcohol

Background: The alternative of oil is highly essential in the present context due to the acute shortage of oil as well as increasing demand for it from different public and private sectors. Since 1980, attention has been focused on coal-water slurry as an alternative fuel for the power generation industry and a suitable substitute for oil in several industrial applications. One of the exciting areas in Coal Water Slurry (CWS) is coal–water-alcohol slurry in which different alcohol compound can act as a dispersant for the stabilisation of coal–water slurry. Objective: The objective of this paper is to prepare a high concentration coal–water-alcohol slurry using glycerol, glycol and ethanol as an additive, and different particle size distribution of coal. This will increase the surface activity of the coal thereby, decreasing the viscosity of the slurry. Method: Two bimodal samples are prepared in which coarse particles are (212 μm - 300 μm), (150 μm – 212 μm) and fine particle below 75 μm. Three types of alcohol additive namely glycerol, glycol and ethanol are used as a dispersant. Malvern Particle size analyzer is used to measure the particle size distribution of the coal samples. Rheological study of CWAS was conducted using HAAKE RHEO STRESS 1. Result: From the experiment, it has been concluded that the optimum addition of glycerol in water is taken as 90:10 of water and glycerol ratio because after that, there is no further decrease in the value of viscosity. An optimum value of glycol and ethanol mixed in water was determined and found as in the ratio of 86:14 and 82:18, respectively. Conclusion: From different parameter studies like coal concentration, pH, temperature, apparent viscosity and stability, it has been concluded that coal-water-glycerol slurry is better than other coal water- alcohol slurry. This is because of the presence of more OH- groups in glycerol. The static stability of this coal-water-alcohol slurry exists for the maximum period of 31 days.

A Study of the Effect of Oxide Structure on the Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ge from Si1-xGexO2

1995 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M. Blaser ◽  
Christine Caragianis-Broadbridge ◽  
Barbara L. Walden ◽  
David C. Paine
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Oxide Structure ◽  
Annealing Conditions

ABSTRACTIn this study, Si1-xGexO2 was produced by hydrothermal oxidation of Si1-xGex alloys at temperatures of 450–500°C and pressures of 30–40 MPa. The resulting Si1-xGexO2 samples were annealed in forming gas (85/15:N2/H2) and the precipitation and growth of Ge crystallites as a function of oxidation and annealing conditions were investigated using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, AFM and high resolution SEM. The particle size distribution through the oxide thickness is accounted for by consideration of the incorporation of hydroxyl groups in the amorphous oxide network and their effect on the rate of diffusion of Ge in the amorphous structure during H2 annealing.

scholarly journals Using Oven Microwave for Synthesis ZnO Nps using Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-390
Author(s):  
Rodiah Nurbaya Sari ◽  
Hari Eko Irianto ◽  
Diah Lestari Ayudiarti
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer

An oven microwave was established for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. extract and 0.1 M ZnCl2 solution as a precursor. The ZnO nanoparticles had been characterized such as chemical structure by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, particle size distribution with Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEMEDS) and crystalline properties with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result showed that FTIR spectra revealed the involvement of hydroxyl groups and sulfate polysaccharide in the formation of ZnO NPs and protein was involved in stabilizing. PSA analysis showed that the size ranged of ZnO NPs extract Sargassum sp. synthesized 351,14 and 1.336.19 nm for extract Padina sp. The particle size distribution was homogeneous but their size hadn’t met the size of nanometers. The range of %mass elements Zn and O ZnO extract Sargassum sp. and Padina sp. synthesized didn’t approach standard ZnO. The crystallinity properties showed only ZnO extract of Padina sp. synthesized which had a peak with an angle value of 2θ was almost equal to standard ZnO and after confirmed to Match program! 3 crystal structure ZnO synthesized wasn’t imperfect hexagonal wurtzite. Ovens microwave could be used to synthesize ZnO from Padina sp. extract but it was still necessary to develop a method so that ZnO could be obtained with nanoparticle size and ideal hexagonal wurtzit structure.

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