scholarly journals Noise-Induced Change of Cortical Temporal Processing in Cochlear Implant Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hye Han ◽  
Jihyun Lee ◽  
Hyo-Jeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Noise Masking ◽  
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials

Objectives. Cochlear implant (CI) users typically report impaired ability to understand speech in noise. Speech understanding in CI users decreases with noise due to reduced temporal processing ability, and speech perceptual errors involve stop consonants distinguished by voice onset time (VOT). The current study examined the effects of noise on various speech perception tests while at the same time used cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) to quantify the change of neural processing of speech sounds caused by noise. We hypothesized that the noise effects on VOT processing can be reflected in N1/P2 measures, the neural changes relate to behavioral speech perception performances.Methods. Ten adult CI users and 15 normal-hearing (NH) people participated in this study. CAEPs were recorded from 64 scalp electrodes in both quiet and noise (signal-to-noise ratio +5 dB) and in passive and active (requiring consonant discrimination) listening. Speech stimulus was synthesized consonant-vowels with VOTs of 0 and 50 ms. N1-P2 amplitudes and latencies were analyzed as a function of listening condition. For the active condition, the P3b also was analyzed. Behavioral measures included a variety of speech perception tasks.Results. For good performing CI users, performance in most speech test was lower in the presence of noise masking. N1 and P2 latencies became prolonged with noise masking. The P3b amplitudes were smaller in CI groups compared to NH. The degree of P2 latency change (0 vs. 50 ms VOT) was correlated with consonant perception in noise.Conclusion. The effects of noise masking on temporal processing can be reflected in cortical responses in CI users. N1/P2 latencies were more sensitive to noise masking than amplitude measures. Additionally, P2 responses appear to have a better relationship to speech perception in CI users compared to N1.

Sensory Inhibition Is Related to Variable Speech Perception in Noise in Adults With Normal Hearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1595-1607
Author(s):  
Julia Campbell ◽  
Mashhood Nielsen ◽  
Alison LaBrec ◽  
Connor Bean
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speech Perception In Noise ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Mild Impairment ◽  
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Inhibitory Networks

Purpose Speech perception in noise (SPiN) varies widely in individuals with normal hearing, which may be attributed to factors that are not reflected in the audiogram, such as inhibition. However, inhibition is involved at both sensory and cognitive stages of auditory perception, and while inhibition at the cognitive level has been shown to be a significant factor in SPiN processes, it is unknown whether sensory inhibition may also contribute to SPiN variability. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate sensory inhibition in adults with normal hearing and mild SPiN impairment. Method Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded in 49 adults via high-density electroencephalography using an auditory gating paradigm. Participants were categorized according to a median signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss of 1.5 dB: typical SNR loss ≤ 1.5 dB ( n = 32), mild SNR loss > 1.5 dB ( n = 17). CAEP gating responses were compared and correlated with SNR loss and extended high-frequency thresholds. Current density reconstructions were performed to qualitatively observe underlying cortical inhibitory networks in each group. Results In comparison to adults with typical SPiN ability, adults with mild SPiN impairment showed an absence of the gating response. A CAEP gating component (P2) reflected decreased sensory inhibition and correlated with increased SNR loss. Extended high-frequency thresholds were also found to correlate with SNR loss, but not gating function. An atypical cortical inhibitory network was observed in the mild SNR loss group, with reduced frontal and absent prefrontal activation. Conclusion Sensory inhibition appears to be atypical and related to SPiN deficits in adults with mild impairment. In addition, cortical inhibitory networks appear to be incomplete, with a possible compensatory parietal network. Further research is needed to delineate between types or levels of central inhibitory mechanisms and their contribution to SPiN processes.

scholarly journals The representation of voice onset time in the cortical auditory evoked potentials of young children

2008 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 2855-2861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Agung King ◽  
Julia Campbell ◽  
Anu Sharma ◽  
Kathryn Martin ◽  
Michael Dorman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials

Speech perception and cortical auditory evoked potentials in cochlear implant users with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1332-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia F. Alvarenga ◽  
Raquel Beltrão Amorim ◽  
Raquel Sampaio Agostinho-Pesse ◽  
Orozimbo Alves Costa ◽  
Leandra Tabanez Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Neuropathy ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials

scholarly journals Discrimination of Stochastic Frequency Modulation by Cochlear Implant Users

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 572-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Sheft ◽  
Min-Yu Cheng ◽  
Valeriy Shafiro
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Low Rate

Background: Past work has shown that low-rate frequency modulation (FM) may help preserve signal coherence, aid segmentation at word and syllable boundaries, and benefit speech intelligibility in the presence of a masker. Purpose: This study evaluated whether difficulties in speech perception by cochlear implant (CI) users relate to a deficit in the ability to discriminate among stochastic low-rate patterns of FM. Research Design: This is a correlational study assessing the association between the ability to discriminate stochastic patterns of low-rate FM and the intelligibility of speech in noise. Study Sample: Thirteen postlingually deafened adult CI users participated in this study. Data Collection and Analysis: Using modulators derived from 5-Hz lowpass noise applied to a 1-kHz carrier, thresholds were measured in terms of frequency excursion both in quiet and with a speech-babble masker present, stimulus duration, and signal-to-noise ratio in the presence of a speech-babble masker. Speech perception ability was assessed in the presence of the same speech-babble masker. Relationships were evaluated with Pearson product–moment correlation analysis with correction for family-wise error, and commonality analysis to determine the unique and common contributions across psychoacoustic variables to the association with speech ability. Results: Significant correlations were obtained between masked speech intelligibility and three metrics of FM discrimination involving either signal-to-noise ratio or stimulus duration, with shared variance among the three measures accounting for much of the effect. Compared to past results from young normal-hearing adults and older adults with either normal hearing or a mild-to-moderate hearing loss, mean FM discrimination thresholds obtained from CI users were higher in all conditions. Conclusions: The ability to process the pattern of frequency excursions of stochastic FM may, in part, have a common basis with speech perception in noise. Discrimination of differences in the temporally distributed place coding of the stimulus could serve as this common basis for CI users.

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