Localization of RFamide-like Immunoreactivity in the Visceral Organs and Peripheral Neurosecretory Cells Related to the Terminal Abdominal Ganglion in the Cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouji Yasuyama ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Tsuneo Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Visceral Organs

Axon pathways of the intermediate neurosecretory cells in Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Pars Intercerebralis ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Culiseta Inornata ◽  
The Brain

The axons of the intermediate neurosecretory cells in the brain of Culex tarsalis Coquillett larvae cross over in the pars intercerebralis, pass ventrolaterally through the protocerebrum, and then pass through the circumoesophageal connectives and the ventral nerve chain as far as the eighth abdominal ganglion. These axons possess branches in the region of juncture of the proto- and deuto-cerebrum, and in the suboesophageal, thoracic, and eighth abdominal ganglia; no branches were visible in the tritocerebrum or abdominal ganglia 1 to 7. The branches appear to terminate within the ganglia, usually near the neuropile boundary. The large ventral neurosecretory axons described in larvae of Culiseta inornata (Williston) by L. Burgess in 1971 are probably the axons of the intermediate neurosecretory cells of that mosquito.

scholarly journals Identification of neurones containing cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) in the ventral nerve cord of the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta

1985 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 395-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Tublitz ◽  
J. W. Truman
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
Antidromic Stimulation ◽  
Protease Treatment ◽  
Intracellular Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The abdominal ganglion neurosecretory cells responsible for the synthesis and release of two insect neurohormones, cardioacceleratory peptides 1 and 2 (CAP1 and CAP2), from the perivisceral organs (PVOs) have been identified in the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta. Previous work established the existence of two groups of abdominal ganglion cell bodies with axons projecting to the PVO: four laterally-situated pairs and five pairs lying on the midline (Taghert & Truman, 1982b). Micro-dissection and bioassay of various parts of an abdominal ganglion revealed that CAP activity was greatest in the medial portion of the ganglion, the portion containing the 10 midline neurones. Six of the 10 midline neurosecretory cells, the new midline bilateral (MB) cells, appeared to differentiate post-embryonically, commencing differentiation late in the last larval instar and reaching maturity midway through adult development. The development of the new MB cells was mirrored by the accumulation of CAP activity in the abdominal nerve cord. Not present in measurable amounts in larvae, CAP activity was first detectable a few days after pupation and reached maximal levels midway through adult development. CAP-like bioactivity was collected from the PVO in response to antidromic stimulation of the nerve containing the new MB axons. No CAP-like bioactivity was detected in those preparations in which the new MB axons were severed or in which other nerves were stimulated. Intracellular stimulation of a new MB neurone evoked the release from the PVO of measurable levels of CAP bioactivity. It was shown that this stimulation-evoked, cardioacceleratory activity was sensitive to protease treatment, and was released only from the cell that was stimulated. On the basis of these experiments, it was concluded that the CAPs are synthesized and secreted from the new MB cells.

scholarly journals Excretion initiates walking in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Naniwa ◽  
Yasuhiro Sugimoto ◽  
Koichi Osuka ◽  
Hitoshi Aonuma
Keyword(s):  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Abdominal Ganglion ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Motor Circuit ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Tripod Gait ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
The Brain

AbstractFeces contain information about the donor and potentially attracts both conspecifics and predators and parasites. The excretory system must be coordinated with other behaviors in insects. We found that crickets start walking forward following excretion of feces. Most intact crickets walked around the experimental arena, stopped at a particular site and raised up their body with a slight backward drift to excrete feces. After the feces dropped on the floor, the animal started walking with a random gait pattern away from the feces, and then changed the gait pattern to a tripod gait. Headless cricket also showed walking following excretion. In more than half of excretion events, headless crickets walked backward before excretion. The posture adopted during excretion was similar to that of intact crickets, and post-excretory forward walking was also observed. The occurrence rate of post-excretory walking was more than that of intact crickets. The gait pattern during forward walking was random and never transitioned to a tripod gait in the headless crickets. In animals whose abdominal nerve cords were cut, in any position, pre- or post-excretion walking was not shown in both intact and headless crickets, although they excreted feces. These results indicate that ascending signals from the terminal abdominal ganglion initiate leg movement through the neuronal circuits within thoracic ganglia, and that descending signals from the brain must regulate leg the motor circuit to express the appropriate walking gait.

Localization of bursicon in CCAP-immunoreactive cells in the thoracic ganglia of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Kostron ◽  
U Kaltenhauser ◽  
B Seibel ◽  
P Bräunig ◽  
H W Honegger
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Segmental Nerve ◽  
Tyndall Effect ◽  
Oblique Illumination

Bursicon is a neuropeptide that induces tanning of the cuticle in freshly moulted insects. In an earlier investigation, we demonstrated that bursicon activity can be detected throughout the ventral nerve cord of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. This study aims at identifying the neurosecretory cells within the thoracic ganglia that produce bursicon. When homogenates of anterior pieces of thoracic ganglia were separated using SDS gel electrophoresis, proteins with bursicon activity could be eluted only from a slice of the gel spanning the 28-33 kDa region. In the anterior lateral cortex of the thoracic ganglia, there are two bilaterally paired neurosecretory cells with large vacuoles that project contralaterally to neurohaemal release sites associated with segmental nerves N5 and N6. These cells and their processes in N5 and N6 were labelled using antisera against crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP). The cell projecting into N6 showed a Tyndall effect (i.e. appeared opaque under oblique illumination) in older adults, and single isolated somata contained bursicon activity. Homogenates of nerves N5 and N6 also showed bursicon activity, but neither bursicon activity nor CCAP-immunoreactive processes were found in segmental nerve N4. The thoracic connectives, which contain three major CCAP-immunoreactive processes, also showed bursicon activity. Homogenates of posterior pieces of the thoracic ganglia did not contain bursicon activity. Western blots demonstrated that the anti-CCAP serum does not recognize the 30 kDa bursicon-active protein fraction. These results suggest that a CCAP-like neuropeptide and a protein with bursicon activity are co-localized in the anterior lateral neurosecretory cells of the thoracic ganglia and in their segmental homologues in the other ganglia. Additionally, we have shown using western blots that a monoclonal antibody raised against a 56 kDa protein from the housefly Musca domestica, a protein thought to be bursicon, does not label the 30 kDa bursicon-active protein of crickets. However, this antibody does label an unidentified 56 kDa protein isolated from anterior as well as posterior pieces of thoracic ganglia.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

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