scholarly journals Fuel Consumption of Wheeled Vehicle and Transportation Costs during Highway Construction/Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
D. N. Leontiev ◽  
A. V. Ihnatenko ◽  
O. V. Synkovska ◽  
L. A. Ryzhikh ◽  
N. V. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Highway Construction ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Surface Flatness ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Road Slope

A method is proposed for determining the fuel consumption of a wheeled vehicle depending on its speed, road surface flatness and road slope in the longitudinal direction. The purpose of the research is to derive mathematical relationships for calculating the fuel consumption of vehicles, which is one of the transport cost factors during the construction/reconstruction or overhaul of a highway. The proposed polynomial dependencies for calculating fuel in addition to vehicle speed, road surface flatness and its longitudinal slope take into account the mass-dimensional parameters of vehicles involved in road traffic. New mathematical relationships between the speed of wheeled vehicles, road surface flatness and longitudinal road slope allow to simulate the change in the value of fuel consumption of a wheeled vehicle when the speed of traffic flow or the slope of the road surface changes in the forward or reverse direction of the vehicle. In a graphic way, the influence of the pavement slope on the value of fuel consumption, both loaded and unloaded wheeled vehicle is presented. When determining transport costs associated with the highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul it is proposed to use empirical mathematical relationships, which make it possible to obtain fuel consumption with an accuracy of 5 % and save up to 15 % of budget (private) investments. The analysis of scientific publications of the existing approach determine the transport costs associated with highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul. The presented method for determining the fuel consumption of wheeled vehicles with small and large loading capacity increases the accuracy of determining transportation costs and reduces the level of financial costs for highway construction, reconstruction or overhaul.

Effectiveness of the running system of a wheeled vehicle

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
D.A. Dubovik
Keyword(s):  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Power Drive ◽  
Running System ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Curvilinear Motion ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
System Power ◽  
Effectiveness Coefficient

A method for quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the running system of wheeled vehicles for the general case of curvilinear motion is proposed. An expression is obtained for calculating the coefficient of efficiency of the running system of a wheeled vehicle, taking into account the parameters of the power and steering wheel drives. The results of evaluating the effectiveness of the running system of an off-road vehicle with a wheel arrangement of 8Ѕ8 and two front steerable axles are presented. Keywords: wheeled vehicle, running system, power drive, drive wheels, steering control, effectiveness, coefficient of efficiency. [email protected]

scholarly journals Design of a Human-Powered Roll Stabilization Attachment for Utilitarian Two-Wheeled Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo F. Diaz Lankenau ◽  
Lea Daigle ◽  
Samuel H. Ihns ◽  
Eric Koch ◽  
Jana Saadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Front Axle ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Roll Stabilization ◽  
Three Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Human Powered ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Growing Crop

Abstract This paper describes the motivation and development of a human-powered roll stabilization attachment for utilitarian two-wheeled vehicles. The proposed design has been built and tested by the authors in both on- and off-road conditions. It provides balance by providing a rolling platform underneath the two-wheeled vehicle (motorcycle) for the user to push against with their feet. This platform is placed under the driver’s sitting position and is towed from a three degree-of-freedom joint behind the front axle (i.e. one of the implementations uses a ball hitch joint). Fifty eight percent of the world’s motorcycles are in Asia Pacific, and Southern and Eastern Asia. In most of those countries, motorcycles greatly outnumber cars and many of these motorcycles function as utility vehicles. The uses of motorcycles include transportation of goods on the bike frame, transportation of goods on a trailer, and even pulling agricultural implements in farms. If no modifications are made to the motorcycle, at slow speeds operators of motorcycles must drag their feet on the ground and lightly push upwards as needed to retain balance. Attaching conventional outrigger wheels, similar to a motorcycle side-car, can negate some of the advantages of motorcycles that users value by: (A) preventing leaning into turns when rigid outriggers arms are used, (B) significantly increasing complexity and mass when outrigger arms mounted on suspension systems are used, and (C) increasing the vehicle’s width such that it can no longer travel between car lanes or between rows of growing crop. An additional design consideration for balancing motorcycles is the user’s need for quick conversion between a statically balanced vehicle and a vehicle can lean dynamically in turns, for example for someone who wishes to operate a motorcycle on farms but also travel quickly between agricultural fields. This conversion convenience is affected not only by the ease of attaching and detaching the balancing system but also by the ability to comfortably carry on the balancing system on the motorcycle even when it is not being used, such that it can be deployed when it is needed. This paper describes a design for a human-powered roll stabilization attachment that address these concerns and other identified user needs. It also provides with general equations to design similar human-powered roll stabilization systems for motorcycles.

A Review of Anti-Lock Braking System Configuration for Two-Wheeled Vehicle

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangyao Yu ◽  
Shuhao Huo ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Xiaoxue Liu
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Additional Cost ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Electric Scooter ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Electric Bike

Anti-Lock Braking Systems (ABS) have been developed and integrated into vehicles since it is invented more than thirty years ago. However, most of nowadays ABS are designed for multi-wheeled passenger cars, commercial cars and trucks. Due to the technical complexity and additional cost, ABS is not as common on two-wheeled vehicles, such as motorcycle, electric scooter, electric bike, etc. Study shows that injuries and deaths in relation to two-wheeled vehicles with ABS are significantly decreased. This paper is to provide a brief review of the state-of-the-art on the ABS configuration of two-wheeled vehicles.

PWM Control Accuracy for Scratch Drive Actuators

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenelle Armstrong Piepmeier ◽  
Samara L. Firebaugh
Keyword(s):  
Open Loop ◽  
Open Loop Control ◽  
Forward Motion ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Fixed Radius ◽  
Turning Radius ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Control Accuracy

In this paper we investigate the problem of controlling a scratch drive actuator that has two discrete modes of locomotion: forward motion in a straight line, and forward motion with fixed radius curvature. This type of device can be modeled as a two-wheeled vehicle (with the previously stated constraints). By alternating between these two modes of operation, the device can move along a variable-radius curved path. In practice, the robots do not move in a purely straight manner. This paper seeks to quantify the accuracy that can be achieved by switching between the two modes of locomotion. This type of low-level open-loop control facilitates the use of a higher level feedback controller designed for two-wheeled vehicles with a variable turning radius.

Propulsion Dynamic Requirements Analysis for Multi-Axle Skid-Steer Wheeled Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Yacoub ◽  
Ahmed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Turning Radius ◽  
Four Wheel Drive ◽  
Driving Torque ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Multi-axle skid-steer wheeled vehicles have the advantages of simplicity and enhanced traction. That’s why they are used in off-road environments and also in mobile robots. In the present work, a dynamic analysis of the propulsion system requirements for multi-axle wheeled vehicles is investigated. As the multi-axle wheeled vehicle differentially steers at a smaller turning radius, the driving torque requirements approach their peak. The adhesion at each tire of the multi-axle vehicle and its relation to the contact patches are analyzed. The analysis presented starts with four wheel drive, six wheel drive and eight wheel drive vehicles, then it is widened to n-wheel drive vehicles. A generic formula for obtaining the propulsion torque requirements for multi-axle skid-steer wheeled vehicles is presented. The analysis is extended to include experimental validation of the obtained analytical results. The experimental work includes three small electrically driven skid-steer vehicles; four wheel drive vehicle, six wheel drive vehicle and eight wheel drive vehicle. The selection of the drive motors for each of those vehicles was based on the proposed formula. Each of the three vehicles was tested in the worst case adhesion torque requirement. The experimental results showed that the proposed formula is capable, to a great extent, to predict the torque requirements for the multi-axle skid-steer wheeled vehicles in the design phase.

Design and Simulation on the Rubber Conversion Track Wheel of the Loader

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 1089-1092
Author(s):  
Zhen Ning Hu ◽  
Kai Yao ◽  
Xin Min Tian
Keyword(s):  
Work Ability ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Obstacle Crossing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Straight Line

The rubber conversion track wheel compare with the tyre has the adhesive performance well, the traction force big, well stability, compares with the steel caterpillar band chassis has the noise slightly, the quality light, the road surface non-damage merits.It can solve the wheeled vehicle the question which in the soft wet slippery location work ability drops. Based on the loader the rubber conversion track wheel design analysis results, has carried on the overall concept design to the loader track wheel.This plan uses the middle brace structure, the design absorption of shock stretching device, has solved the problem which track wheel bearing power small, the vibration and the caterpillar band tighten.Through to the loader track wheel straight line travel, climbing power, obstacle negotiation ability, changes ability the simulation analysis, has carried on the confirmation to the design proposal.The simulation result indicated that the loader track wheel road surface compatible, the climbing and obstacle crossing ability are good, change nimbly.

Acceleration-Based Remaining Life Prognostics for Terrain-Loaded Components on an Army Ground Vehicle System

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Heine ◽  
Donald Barker
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Remaining Life ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
Acceleration Sensors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
The Military ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Use of a health and usage monitoring system (HUMS) is one method the Department of Defense is investigating to meet conflicting cost and performance goals for Army wheeled vehicles. One area where a HUMS would be of great benefit is monitoring critical components vulnerable to terrain-induced fatigue. While strain is typically the desired input to a fatigue model, acceleration sensors are less susceptible to damage from the military ground vehicle environment and provide more reliable data over long periods of usage. The feasibility of using vibratory inputs from an accelerometer to make component fatigue predictions for a military wheeled vehicle system is explored in this study, and the use of limited subsets of data for algorithm training are evaluated. An example component is used to demonstrate that the proposed HUMS algorithms are appropriate and provide suitably accurate fatigue predictions.

Non-Traditional Controllers: Composite ABS/TCS for Wheeled Vehicle

2013 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 491-494
Author(s):  
Ching Kuo Wang ◽  
Chang Hsin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Control ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
Nonlinear Features ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Rigid Body Motions ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Modern vehicle dynamics in its broadest sense encompasses all forms of vehicles. It aims to improve the riding comfort and the maneuverability for high-quality automobiles. This paper develops a sensor-based fuzzy controller (SFC) with a composite anti-lock braking system and tracking control system (ABS/TCS) to navigate escaping motions of wheeled vehicles under the assumption of Coulombs viscous friction and lumped-mass/rigid-body motions. The so-called escaping dynamics of wheeled vehicles occurs when the vehicle escapes from the constrained space during braking or cornering. Traditionally, such slippage phenomenon is usually ignored because of its high frequency and strong nonlinear features. The proposed SFC is designed to shorten braking distance under emergent circumstances and minimize cornering radius to improve maneuverability for wheeled vehicles. Finally, detailed simulations of wheeled vehicles with a composite ABS/TCS under the assumption of Coulombs viscous friction are used to justify the SFC algorithm.

Steady-State Cornering of Two-Wheeled Vehicles

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Krauter
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Wheeled Vehicle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

The classic work of Whitcomb and Milliken on the steady-state cornering of automobiles is generalized to include a simplified two-wheeled vehicle. The relationship which results, similar to that of Whitcomb and Milliken, gives the radius of the path of the vehicle in terms of vehicle parameters, vehicle speed, and steering head angle.

scholarly journals Transportation Costs and International Trade in the Second Era of Globalization

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hummels
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Ocean Shipping ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Shipping Costs ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Trade Growth

While the precise causes of postwar trade growth are not well understood, declines in transport costs top the lists of usual suspects. However, there is remarkably little systematic evidence documenting the decline. This paper brings to bear an eclectic mix of data in order to provide a detailed accounting of the time-series pattern of shipping costs. The ad-valorem impact of ocean shipping costs is not much lower today than in the 1950s, with technological advances largely trumped by adverse cost shocks. In contrast, air shipping costs have dropped an order of magnitude, and airborne trade has grown rapidly as a result. As a result, international trade has also experienced a significant rise in speed.

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