scholarly journals A survey of the current status in the management of radioactive wastes from linear accelerators in Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Hye Kwon ◽  
Dong Oh Shin ◽  
Jin Sung Kim ◽  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Sang Hyoun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Linear Accelerators

scholarly journals Translational Research in FLASH Radiotherapy—From Radiobiological Mechanisms to In Vivo Results

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Loredana G. Marcu ◽  
Eva Bezak ◽  
Dylan D. Peukert ◽  
Puthenparampil Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
High Dose Rate ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Radiation Delivery ◽  
Tissue Sparing

FLASH radiotherapy, or the administration of ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy, is a new radiation delivery method that aims to widen the therapeutic window in radiotherapy. Thus far, most in vitro and in vivo results show a real potential of FLASH to offer superior normal tissue sparing compared to conventionally delivered radiation. While there are several postulations behind the differential behaviour among normal and cancer cells under FLASH, the full spectra of radiobiological mechanisms are yet to be clarified. Currently the number of devices delivering FLASH dose rate is few and is mainly limited to experimental and modified linear accelerators. Nevertheless, FLASH research is increasing with new developments in all the main areas: radiobiology, technology and clinical research. This paper presents the current status of FLASH radiotherapy with the aforementioned aspects in mind, but also to highlight the existing challenges and future prospects to overcome them.

scholarly journals Current Status of Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schwartz ◽  
Peter O'Brien ◽  
Phillip Davey ◽  
Charlene Young ◽  
Robert Willinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Centre Of Rotation ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Annual Risk

ABSTRACT:Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM), regardless of the mode of discovery, have an annual risk of hemorrhage of approximately 4 percent. A progressive obliterative vasculitis culminating in the occlusion of an AVM may be induced by the administration of radiation doses of approximately 20 Gy given in a single fraction. The process takes about two years and occlusion occurs in approximately 80% of patients so treated. Such a dose may be accurately administered to AVMs up to 3 cm in diameter with very little radiation imparted to the adjacent brain by means of multiple highly collimated radially arranged cobalt sources (the Gamma Knife) or by means of a modified linear accelerator turned through an arc or arcs with the target AVM as the centre of rotation. The Gamma Knife and the modified linear accelerator have nearly equal accuracy. Recent experience with modified linear accelerators indicates efficacy equal to the Gamma Knife. Both devices are effective treatment for small AVMs but the cost of modifying a pre-existing linear accelerator is only a few percent of the acquisition and installation costs of the Gamma Knife.

scholarly journals Modernization of FSUE Atomflot Infrastructure and Material and Technical Resources Aimed at Provision of Environmental Safety in the Northwest of Russia

2017 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
M.M. Kashka ◽  
◽  
E.A. Efanskaya ◽  
V.A. Kobzev ◽  
A.Y. Bogdanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Materials Management ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Environmental Rehabilitation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Northwest Of Russia

The article reviews FSUA Atomflot assets and facilities used to manage spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and radioactive wastes (RW), their modernization and development, as well as sources of the aforementioned processes financing, which include both Russian Federation and International funding. FSUE Atomflot participation in the environmental rehabilitation of the Northwest of Russia is analyzed, part of which is the status of retired atomic icebreakers and special maintenance vessels decommissioning. The key direction of FSUE Atomflot policy is safe handling of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes accumulated by the Company itself and other organizations in Murmansk region. Modernization of FSUE Atomflot infrastructure and material and technical resources is meant to solve this task. FSUE Atomflot operates state atomic icebreaking fleet, which includes commercial operation, maintenance, modernization, repair and decommissioning of nuclear-powered icebreakers and special maintenance vessels. Handling of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes that are accumulated during the process of operation through the assets life cycle is an important part of the Company’s activity. The important role in the provision of environmental safety belongs to the Strategic Master Plan for Decommissioning of Retired Russian Nuclear Fleet and Environmental Rehabilitation of Its Supporting Infrastructure in the Northwest of Russia, which was ordered by Rosatom and developed under scientific guidance by Nuclear Safety Institute of Russian Academy of Science. The article further describes the process of SNF and RW handling by FSUE Atomflot, brings up the statistical data of the materials management and transportation. Second part of the article describes the decommissioning of atomic icebreakers and maintenance vessels as part of the environmental safety provision process. The current status of the process, results and development plans are resumed.

Current status of availability of radiotherapy machines in Nepal.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18042-e18042
Author(s):  
Ambuj Karn
Keyword(s):  
High Dose Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hdr Brachytherapy ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Palliative Intent ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Health Organization

e18042 Background: Nepal is a developing country with about 29 million populations. The incidence of cancer is 100-120 per 100 thousand populations and the number is increasing. The most common cancers in Nepal are of lung (13.2%), cervix (9.5%) and breast (8.6%). More than 80% of cancer patients present in advanced or metastatic stage where palliation can only be the goal of treatment. Radiotherapy is one of the essential treatment modalities for cancer, for both curative and palliative intent. This study aims to find the availability of radiotherapy machines throughout the country. Methods: Data regarding Radiotherapy machines in the country were collected by on site visit and by telephone conversations. Results: There are only seven centers having radiotherapy machines. Bir hospital was the first to start radiotherapy with telecobalt machine. At present there are 4 Tele-Cobalt machines, 5 Linear Accelerators and 5 High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy machines in the country. Most of the centers do only conventional 2-dimensional radiotherapy treatment. Newer centers which are non-government centers have high end linear accelerators with IMRT and IGRT facilities. HDR brachytherapy are used for intracavitory radiotherapy for endometrial and cervical cancers only. Conclusions: Nepal is far below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of one megavoltage machine per million populations which means that Nepal should have at least 29 megavoltage machines. Combined efforts of public, government and international agencies are required to upgrade the situation.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Technical Challenges of Real-Time Adaptive MR-Guided Radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Thorwarth ◽  
Daniel A. Low
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Real Time ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Quantitative Mr Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Mr ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Treatment Application

In the past few years, radiotherapy (RT) has experienced a major technological innovation with the development of hybrid machines combining magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and linear accelerators. This new technology for MR-guided cancer treatment has the potential to revolutionize the field of adaptive RT due to the opportunity to provide high-resolution, real-time MR imaging before and during treatment application. However, from a technical point of view, several challenges remain which need to be tackled to ensure safe and robust real-time adaptive MR-guided RT delivery. In this manuscript, several technical challenges to MR-guided RT are discussed. Starting with magnetic field strength tradeoffs, the potential and limitations for purely MR-based RT workflows are discussed. Furthermore, the current status of real-time 3D MR imaging and its potential for real-time RT are summarized. Finally, the potential of quantitative MR imaging for future biological RT adaptation is highlighted.

scholarly journals Current status of disposal and measurement analysis of radioactive components in linear accelerators in Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Hye Kwon ◽  
Dong Oh Shin ◽  
Jin Sung Kim ◽  
Jaeryong Yoo ◽  
Min Seok Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Measurement Analysis

EXPERIMENTS AT ELPH/SENDAI BEFORE AND AFTER THE DISASTER

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1460092
Author(s):  
HAJIME SHIMIZU
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Electron Photon ◽  
Photon Science ◽  
Post Disaster

This contribution presents the current status of Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), which is a university-based laboratory operating electron linear accelerators and a synchrotron. ELPH suffered serious damage from the Great East-Japan Earthquake (3.11 Disaster) that took place in 2011. A huge amount of restoration work has been almost completed and the research activity revives two years after the quake. The analysis restarted at long last for the data which had been obtained in experiments employing a 4π electromagnetic (EM) calorimeter before the disaster. Some preliminary results are presented to show how we are playing catch-up. Another EM calorimeter (BGOegg) has been under construction in parallel with post-disaster reconstruction.

Current status of special planetary and lunar theories and ephemerides

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
R. L. Duncombe
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Numerical Errors

An examination of some specialized lunar and planetary ephemerides has revealed inconsistencies in the adopted planetary masses, the presence of non-gravitational terms, and some outright numerical errors. They should be considered of temporary usefulness only, subject to subsequent amendment as required for the interpretation of observational data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document