Probiotic Bifidobacterium Isolated from Chicken Intestine with PVP Showed Synergistic Effects on Reduction of AFB1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
sorour Aalipanah ◽  
Mohammad Reza Fazeli ◽  
Abbas Akhavan Sepahi ◽  
Farid Shariatmadari
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chicken Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Abstract Food contamination with aflatoxin is one of the most important concerns of health professionals. One of the best ways to reduce aflatoxin content in food is to use probiotics. Therefore, this study was performed to isolate Bifidobacterium from the chick's intestine and its probiotic activities and also its application with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to reduce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxin in the medium were investigated. Samples were isolated from the chicken intestine. After preparing the samples, Bifidobacterium was isolated and identified using biochemical and molecular methods. To measure probiotic activities, pH, bile, and salt tolerance tests were used. Then, the antimicrobial activity of isolate against gastrointestinal pathogens and the antibiotic susceptibility test were done. Then, the effect of selected isolate and PVP on reducing AFB1 in the medium was studied using ELISA and HPLC. Biochemical and molecular evaluations indicated isolation of B. bifidum strain from chicken intestine. The selected strain showed antimicrobial activities on S. enterica, E. coli, and P. vulgaricus and was found to be resistant against Amikacin, Ampicillin, Erythromycin, and Ceftazidine antibiotics. The selected strain showed the ability to reduce the concentration of AFB1 in the medium (50% reduction) and when used in combination with PVP showed the synergistic effects in reducing the concentration of AFB1 from the medium (up to 90%). In conclusion, it was found that selected B. bifidum strain together with PVP could have synergistic effects in reducing AFB1 toxin in medium up to 90%.

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium Bifidum Isolated From Chicken Intestine Along With Polyvinylpyrrolidone Showed Synergistic Effects on Reduction of AFB1 Contamination- in Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
sorour Aalipanah ◽  
Mohhammad Reza Fazeli ◽  
Abbas Akhavan Sepahi ◽  
Farid Shariatmadari
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chicken Intestine ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Probiotic Activity

Abstract Background: Food contamination with aflatoxin is one of the most important concerns of health professionals. One of the best ways to reduce aflatoxin content in food is to use probiotics. Therefore, this study was performed to isolate Bifidobacterium from the chick intestine and its probiotic activities and also its application with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to reduce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxin in the medium were investigated.Results: Samples were isolated from the chicken intestine. Biochemical and molecular evaluations indicated isolation of Bifidobacterium bifidum strain from chicken intestine. To measure probiotic activities, pH, bile, and salt tolerance tests were used. The selected B. bifidum had good probiotic activity. Then, the antimicrobial activity of isolate against gastrointestinal pathogens and the antibiotic susceptibility test were done. The selected strain showed antimicrobial activities on S. enterica, E. coli, and P. vulgaricus and was found to be resistant against Amikacin, Ampicillin, Erythromycin, and Ceftazidine antibiotics. Then, the effect of selected isolate and PVP on reducing AFB1 in the medium was studied using ELISA and HPLC. The selected strain showed the ability to reduce the concentration of AFB1 in the medium (50% reduction) and when used in combination with PVP showed the synergistic effects in reducing the concentration of AFB1 from the medium (up to 90%).Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that selected B. bifidum strain together with PVP could have synergistic effects in reducing AFB1 toxin in medium up to 90%.

scholarly journals Addition of L-cysteine to the N- or C-terminus of the all-D-enantiomer [D(KLAKLAK)2] increases antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10176
Author(s):  
Maki K. Ohno ◽  
Teruo Kirikae ◽  
Eisaku Yoshihara ◽  
Fumiko Kirikae ◽  
Isao Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C Terminus

Background Antimicrobial peptides have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and are attracting attention as promising next-generation antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The all-d-enantiomer [D(KLAKLAK)2] has been reported to have antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to be resistant to protein degradation in bacteria because it is composed of D-enantiomer compounds. In this study, we demonstrated that modification of [D(KLAKLAK)2] by the addition of an L-cysteine residue to its N- or C- terminus markedly enhanced its antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria such as MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Methods The peptides [D(KLAKLAK)2] (DP), DP to which L-cysteine was added at the N-terminus C-DP, and DP to which L-cysteine was added at the C-terminus DP-C, were synthesized at >95% purity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of peptides and antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. The synergistic effects of the peptides and the antibiotics against MDR P. aeruginosa were evaluated using the checkerboard dilution method. In order to assess how these peptides affect the survival of human cells, cell viability was determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8. Results C-DP and DP-C enhanced the antimicrobial activities of the peptide against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, including A. baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of DP-C was greater than that of C-DP, with these peptides also having antimicrobial activity against drug-susceptible P. aeruginosa and drug-resistant P. aeruginosa overexpressing the efflux pump components. C-DP and DP-C also showed antimicrobial activity against colistin-resistant E. coli harboring mcr-1, which encodes a lipid A modifying enzyme. DP-C showed synergistic antimicrobial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa when combined with colistin. The LD50 of DP-C against a human cell line HepG2 was six times higher than the MIC of DP-C against MDR P. aeruginosa. The LD50 of DP-C was not altered by incubation with low-dose colistin. Conclusion Attachment of an L-cysteine residue to the N- or C-terminus of [D(KLAKLAK)2] enhanced its antimicrobial activity against A. baumannii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. The combination of C-DP or DP-C and colistin had synergistic effects against MDR P. aeruginosa. In addition, DP-C and C-DP showed much stronger antimicrobial activity against MDR A. baumannii and E. coli than against P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antimicrobial Activities of Combinations of Vanillin and Essential Oils of Cinnamon Bark, Cinnamon Leaves and Cloves

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Rita Cava-Roda ◽  
Amaury Taboada-Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio López-Gómez ◽  
Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Fulgencio Marín-Iniesta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Main Component

Plant bioactive compounds have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities that allow them to be used as a substitute for synthetic chemical additives in both food and food packaging. To improve its sensory and bactericidal effects, its use in the form of effective combinations has emerged as an interesting possibility in the food industry. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) of cinnamon bark, cinnamon leaves, and clove and the pure compounds vanillin, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde were investigated individually and in combination against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The possible interactions of combinations of pure compounds and EOs were performed by the two-dimensional checkerboard assay and isobologram methods. Vanillin exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity (MIC of 3002 ppm against L. monocytogenes and 2795 ppm against E. coli O157:H7), while clove and cinnamon bark EOs exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity (402–404 against L. monocytogenes and 778–721 against E. coli O157:H7). For L. monocytogenes, pure compound eugenol, the main component of cinnamon leaves and clove, showed lower antimicrobial activity than EOs, which was attributed to the influence of the minor components of the EOs. The same was observed with cinnamaldehyde, the main component of cinnamon bark EO. The combinations of vanillin/clove EO and vanillin/cinnamon bark EO showed the most synergistic antimicrobial effect. The combination of the EOs of cinnamon bark/clove and cinnamon bark/cinnamon leaves showed additive effect against L. monocytogenes but indifferent effect against E. coli O157:H7. For L. monocytogenes, the best inhibitory effects were achieved by cinnamon bark EO (85 ppm)/vanillin (910 ppm) and clove EO (121 ppm)/vanillin (691 ppm) combinations. For E. coli, the inhibitory effects of clove EO (104 ppm)/vanillin (1006 ppm) and cinnamon leaves EO (118 ppm)/vanillin (979 ppm) combinations were noteworthy. Some of the tested combinations increased the antimicrobial effect and would allow the effective doses to be reduced, thereby offering possible new applications for food and active food packaging.

Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima Against Many Pathogenic Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Benyoucef ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Boufeldja Tabti ◽  
Arrar Zoheir ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ammoides Verticillata

Background: Antibiotic resistance is today one of the most serious threats to global health, food security and development. Due to the growing number of infections, treatment becomes more difficult, if not impossible, because of the loss of antibiotic efficacy. Objective: In the present investigation, the chemical composition of essential oils of Ammoides verticillata and Satureja candidissima and their synergistic effects on antimicrobial activities were investigated. Methods: The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was investigated using dilution-agar method against nine bacterial strains three Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028), and six Gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300,) Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 7314), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579). Results: The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized principally by carvacrol (44,3%), Limonene (19,3%) and p-cymene (19,2%). The constituents identified of S. candidissima essential oil were principally oxygenated monoterpenes represented by pulegone (70,4%). The essential oil of A. verticillata had a good antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bacillus cereus) with MIC and MBC values between 0.2-0.4 µl/ml and 0.2-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. While, S. candidissima essential oil had moderate antimicrobial activities against all strains with MIC and MBC values between 1.5-6.2 µl/ml and 6.2-12.5 µl/ml, respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity of essential oils blend presented higher antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria with MIC and MBC values between 0.3-1.5 µl/ml and 0.4-6.2 µl/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The essential oils blend presented high antimicrobial activity compared to virgin oils. This activity can be due to the association of active compounds such as carvacrol and pulegone. These findings provide a new source of drugs that may help in therapy to lead to the development of a new treatment based on a combination of these essential oils against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that continue to pose a threat to public health.

Screening of Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxic Effects of Two Cladonia Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birkan Açıkgöz ◽  
İskender Karaltı ◽  
Melike Ersöz ◽  
Zeynep M. Coşkun ◽  
Gülşah Çobanoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The present study explores the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects in culture assays of two fruticose soil lichens, Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. and Cladonia convoluta (Lamkey) Cout., to contribute to possible pharmacological uses of lichens. In vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol and chloroform extracts against two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), two Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), and the yeast Candida albicans were examined using the paper disc method and through determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The data showed the presence of antibiotic substances in the chloroform and the methanol extracts of the lichen species. The chloroform extracts exhibited more signifi cant antimicrobial activity than the methanol extracts. However, a higher antifungal activity was noted in the methanol extract of C. rangiformis. The maximum antimicrobial activity was recorded for the chloroform extract of C. convoluta against E. coli. The cytotoxic effects of the lichen extracts on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were evaluated by the trypan blue assay yielding IC50 values of ca. 173 and 167 μg/ml for the extracts from C. rangiformis and C. convoluta, respectively.

scholarly journals Synergistic anti-biofilm effects of Brassicaceae plant extracts in combination with proteinase K against Escherichia coli O157:H7

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Si Hu ◽  
Da Min Nam ◽  
Joo-Sung Kim ◽  
Ok Kyung Koo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces

AbstractBacteria can form biofilms, complex microbial communities protected from environmental stress, on food contact surfaces. Brassicaceae plant has been shown to contain bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effects of Brassicaceae species and proteinase K against E. coli O157:H7 biofilm. We determined the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration, the fractional inhibitory concentration indexes, and the synergistic inhibitory effect of Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus, R. sativus, and Brassica oleracea var. acephala extracts with proteinase K on E. coli O157:H7. The biofilm showed a 49% reduction with 2 mg/mL R. sativus. The combination of proteinase K 25 µg/mL significantly increased the effect of 2 mg/mL R. sativus var. longipinnatus and the combined treatment yielded up to 2.68 log reduction on stainless steel coupons. The results showed that the combination of R. sativus var. longipinnatus extract and proteinase K could serve as an anti-biofilm agent with synergistic effects for inhibiting E. coli O157:H7 biofilm on stainless steel surfaces.

Trigona laeviceps Propolis from Thailand: Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activities

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 855-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supawadee Umthong ◽  
Songchan Puthong ◽  
Chanpen Chanchao
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Sw620 Cells

Propolis is one of the natural bee products which has long been used as a crude preventative and prophylactic medicine, and has been reported to possess antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer properties. Propolis of the stingless bee, Trigona laeviceps, was extracted by water or methanol at 35% (w/v) yielding a crude water or a methanolic extract at 60 and 80 mg/ml, respectively, which is 17.1 and 22.9% (w/w) of the total propolis, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of both crude extracts was assayed on four selected pathogenic microbes by using the agar well diffusion method. The results suggested that both water and methanolic crude extracts have some antimicrobial activities, water extract has greater antimicrobial activity than methanolic extract. The relative order of sensitivity of the four microbes were, however, the same between the two extracts from the most to least sensitive, S. aureus > E. coli ≫ C. albicans ⋙ A. niger, with indeed no observed growth inhibition of A. niger at all. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic affects were tested on the colon carcinoma cell line, SW620, using the three parameters: (1) MTT assay; (2) cell morphology; and (3) the fragmentation of genomic DNA. The water extract of propolis showed a higher antiproliferative activity than that of methanolic extract to SW620 cells, additionally both appeared to cause cell death by necrosis.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Plant-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles UsingDioscorea batatasRhizome Extract and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Nagajyothi ◽  
K. D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Dioscorea Batatas

The eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles through various biological means helps to explore various plants for their ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Here we have synthesized AgNPs by using rhizome extract ofDioscorea batatasat as well as room temperature (). AgNPs were characterized under UV-vis spectrophotometer, SEM, FTIR, XRD, and EDX. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was evaluated on gram positive (B. substilisandS. aureus), gram negative (E. coli), and fungi (S. cerivisaeandC. albicans). At room temperature,S. cerivisaeandC. albicanswere found to be more susceptible to AgNPs than at .

Antimicrobial activity of raw soybean, soybean flour and roasted soybean extracted by ethanol-hexane method

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 2277-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sireerat Laodheerasiri ◽  
Nirasha Horana Pathirage
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the antimicrobial compounds extracted from various types of soybean materials; raw soybean, soybean flour and roasted soybean. Bacteria growth inhibition was tested in E.coli and S. aureus by disk diffusion method. Efficiency of antimicrobial activities were compared among the extracted solution. Design/methodology/approach Soybean (Glycine max) isoflavones contain the ability to inhibit the growth of many strains of microorganisms. The solid-liquid extraction, ethanol-hexane extraction, was modified to isolate the inhibitory compounds from the three different types of soybean materials. All crude extracts at various concentrations performed under different extracted solutions (75, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 percent) were tested with E. coli. and S. aureus to determine the antimicrobial activities and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Disk diffusion method was chosen to study the antimicrobial activity of isoflavones. Findings Soybean flour extract inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus more effective than roasted soybean and raw soybean, respectively. The MIC of inhibitory compounds extracted from soybean flour was 6.25 percent (0.031 mg/ml), roasted soybean was 25 percent (0.125 mg/ml) and raw soybean was 50 percent (0.250 mg/ml). Crude extracts of soybean flour and roasted soybean showed better results than raw soybean. All the three of extracted soybeans inhibited the growth of E. coli better than S. aureus. Originality/value Ethanol-hexane extraction was successfully used to isolate the antimicrobial compounds from raw soybean, soybean flour and roasted soybean. Comparison of antimicrobial activity showed that soybean flour contained the highest inhibition activity.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Basil Essential Oil Antimicrobial Agents under Different Shading Treatments and Harvest Times

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Zoran S. Ilić ◽  
Lidija Milenković ◽  
Ljubomir Šunić ◽  
Nadica Tmušić ◽  
Jasna Mastilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Exposure Control ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growing Conditions

The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. cv. ‘Genovese’) cultivated in the open field under different shading conditions (red, blue, and pearl nets with a shade index of 50% and full sunlight exposure (control plants)), harvested at different times. The antimicrobial activity of basil essential oils (BEOs) obtained from all samples was determined for four microorganisms, while determinations for an additional five microorganisms included samples from non-shaded plants, plants grown under red and pearl nets, and second harvest of plants grown under blue net. Basil essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity surpassing the activity of relevant commercial antibiotics regardless of growing conditions in the case of B. cereus, K. pneumoniae and C. albicans, while superior antimicrobial activity was exhibited in the case of essential oils from plants grown under blue nets in the case of S. aureus, E. coli and P. vulgaris. The influence of the application of colored shading nets was highly significant (p < 0.01) in the cases of all analyzed microorganisms except C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, while the influence of harvest time was proven in the cases of all microorganisms except K. pneumoniae. ANOVA proved that antimicrobial activities are highly dependent on the methods of plant production, shading treatment, and harvest time. Obtained results are discussed in relation to previously determined composition and yield of essential oils from basil grown under shade nets and harvested in different periods.

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