scholarly journals Predictors of Nursing Home Admission in the Older Population in Belgium

Author(s):  
Finaba Berete ◽  
Stefaan Demarest ◽  
Rana Charafeddine ◽  
Karin Ridder ◽  
Johan Vanoverloop ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundThis study examines the risk factors associated with nursing home admission (NHA) in Belgium to contribute to a better planning of the future demand for nursing home (NH) services and health care resources.MethodsIndividual level linkage of the 2013 Belgian health interview survey data and health insurance data (2012 to 2018) was done. Only non-institutionalized participants, aged ≥65 years at the time of the survey were included in this study (n=1930). Participants were followed until NHA, death or end of study period, i.e., December 31, 2018. The risk of NHA was calculated using a competing risk analysis.ResultsOver the follow-up period (median 5.29 years), 226 individuals were admitted to a NH and 268 died without admission to a NH. The overall cumulative risk of NHA was 1.4%, 5.7% and 13.1% at, respectively 1 year, 3 years and the end of follow-up. After multivariable adjustment, higher age, low educational attainment, belonging to low income household, living alone, use of home care services and a number of need factor (e.g., history of falls, suffering from urinary incontinence, depression or Alzheimer disease, etc.) were significantly associated with a higher risk of NHA, while female, individuals with multimorbidity and increased contacts with health care providers were significantly associated with a decreased risk of NHA. Subjective health and limitations are both significant determinants of NHA, but subjective health is an effect modifier on the effect of limitations and vice versa.ConclusionsOur findings pinpoint important predictors of NHA in older adults, and offer possibilities of prevention to avoid or delay NHA for this population. The strong impact of need factors on the risk of NHA may indicate equitable access to NHA (i.e., those in need for support have access to NH). Practical implications include prevention of falls and appropriate and timely management of physical chronic conditions and neurodegenerative disorders. Focus should also be on people living alone to provide the appropriate social support and/or home care services. Further investigation of predictors of NHA should include contextual factors such as the availability of nursing-home beds, hospital beds, physicians and waiting lists for NHA.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Fen Hsu ◽  
Chia-Chan Kao ◽  
Ti Lu ◽  
Jeremy C. Ying ◽  
Sheng-Yu Lee

The current study explored the differences in the effectiveness of first and second generation long-acting injections and orally administered antipsychotics in reducing the rehospitalization rate among patients with schizophrenia receiving home care services in a medical center in Southern Taiwan. Longitudinal data between 1 January 2006, and 31 December 2015, were collected retrospectively. Patients were classified into three treatment groups: First generation antipsychotic (FGA) long-acting injection (LAI), second generation antipsychotic long-acting injection (SGA) (LAI), and oral antipsychotics. The primary outcomes were the rehospitalization rate and the follow-up time (duration of receiving home care services) until psychiatric rehospitalization. A total of 78 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The average observation time was about 40 months. The oral treatment group tended to be older with a higher number of female patients and a lower level of education. The FGA treatment group tended to have a higher frequency and duration of hospitalization before receiving home care services. We found no significant differences in the follow-up time or psychiatric rehospitalization rate after receiving home care services among the three treatment groups. We propose that oral and LAI antipsychotics were equally effective when patients received home care services. Our results can serve as a reference for the choice of treatment for patients with schizophrenia in a home care program.


Author(s):  
Maureen Markle-Reid ◽  
Camille Orridge ◽  
Robin Weir ◽  
Gina Browne ◽  
Amiram Gafni ◽  
...  

Objective:To compare a specialized interprofessional team approach to community-based stroke rehabilitation with usual home care for stroke survivors using home care services.Methods:Randomized controlled trial of 101 community-living stroke survivors (<18 months post-stroke) using home care services. Subjects were randomized to intervention (n=52) or control (n=49) groups. The intervention was a 12-month specialized, evidence-based rehabilitation strategy involving an interprofessional team. The primary outcome was change in health-related quality of life and functioning (SF-36) from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes were number of strokes during the 12-month follow-up, and changes in community reintegration (RNLI), perceived social support (PRQ85-Part 2), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Kessler-10), cognitive function (SPMSQ), and costs of use of health services from baseline to 12 months.Results:A total of 82 subjects completed the 12-month follow-up. Compared with the usual care group, stroke survivors in the intervention group showed clinically important (although not statistically significant) greater improvements from baseline in mean SF-36 physical functioning score (5.87, 95% CI -3.98 to 15.7; p=0.24) and social functioning score (9.03, CI-7.50 to 25.6; p=0.28). The groups did not differ for any of the secondary effectiveness outcomes. There was a higher total per-person costs of use of health services in the intervention group compared to usual home care although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.76).Conclusions:A 12-month specialized, interprofessional team is a feasible and acceptable approach to community-based stroke rehabilitation that produced greater improvements in quality of life compared to usual home care. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00463229


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Bachmann ◽  
Andrea Zumbrunn ◽  
Lucy Bayer-Oglesby

Abstract Background: If hospitalisation becomes inevitable in the course of a chronic disease, discharge from acute hospital care in elderly individuals is often associated with temporary or persistent frailty, functional limitations and the need for help with daily activities. Thus, acute hospitalisation represents a particularly vulnerable phase of transient dependency on social support and health care. This study examines how social and regional inequality affect the decision for an institutionalisation after acute hospital discharge in Switzerland. Methods: The current analysis uses routinely collected inpatient data from all Swiss acute hospitals that was linked on the individual level with Swiss census data. The study sample included N=60,209 patients 75 years old and older living still at a private home and being hospitalised due to a chronic health condition in N=199 hospitals between 2010 and 2016. Random intercept multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the impact of social and regional factors on the odds of a nursing home admission after hospital discharge. Results: Results show that 7.8% of all patients were admitted directly to a nursing home after hospital discharge. We found significant effects of education level, insurance class, living alone and language regions on the odds of nursing home admission in a model adjusted for age, gender, nationality, health status, year of hospitalisation and hospital-level variance. The language regions moderated the effect of education and insurance class but not of living alone.Conclusion: Acute hospital discharge in elderly is a critical moment of transient dependency. Social and health care should work closely and coordinated together for a well-supported hospital discharge to avoid unnecessary institutionalisations of socially disadvantaged patients.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237796081984436
Author(s):  
Rita Sørly ◽  
Martin Sollund Krane ◽  
Geir Bye ◽  
May-Britt Ellingsen

Background: There is a need for qualitative studies on imposed innovation in home care services in welfare societies. The municipalities are key actors in the field of innovation in the public sector. As innovations often are interpreted to be in conflict with values in health care, we need knowledge on how policy changes and imposed innovations are understood and handled by middle managers working in the sector. Aim: We aim to explore how middle managers react to imposed innovation in health services through their storytelling. The research question was “What can middle managers' stories of imposed innovation tell us about their role in, and some important prerequisites for, innovation processes in municipal health-care services?” Methods: A narrative study of experiences with municipal innovation among middle managers in Norway. In this article, we do a thematic analysis of interviews with seven female middle managers who work in a home care service department. Findings: The study develops an understanding of which frameworks are required within a home care service to meet constant demands for innovation. Innovations are understood by the managers as results of policy changes and new public management demands and as a troublesome burden. We find the prerequisites for implementing innovations to be (1) trust-based management, (2) flexibility and dynamics, (3) continuity of care, and (4) emphasis on competence. These prerequisites are further interpreted in relation to dominant discourses on innovation at the macro, meso, and micro levels within the storytelling contexts. Conclusion: Imposed innovations require a negotiating practice in cross-disciplinary environments at all levels in the organization.


2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lahrichi ◽  
S. D. Lapierre ◽  
A. Hertz ◽  
A. Talib ◽  
L. Bouvier

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice D. Crist ◽  
Dianna García-Smith ◽  
Linda Phillips

Mexican American elders have higher levels of functional impairment and chronic illness, yet they use formal home care services less than do non-Hispanic White elders. This article describes the processes by which Mexican American elders and their caregivers decide to use home care services. Interviews were conducted with Mexican American elders (n = 11) and family caregivers (n = 12) for a sample of 23 individuals. The emerging substantive grounded theory included three stages that described the process of deciding to use home care services: Taking Care of our Own, Acknowledging Options, and Becoming Empowered. The processes describe how Mexican American families eventually accept home care services while maintaining their cultural norm of taking care of elders. The theory gives voice to both elders and caregivers in this process, adds to extant knowledge, and shapes interventions to support traditional Mexican American family values such as elders’ staying at home as long as possible. The theory meets nursing’s goals of reducing health care disparities by improving or sustaining elders’ health and functional ability, decreasing the caregiving burden, and reducing health care costs.


Author(s):  
Adalto Alfredo Pontes Filho ◽  
Lúcia Dias da Silva Guerra

O cuidado domiciliar à saúde é prática milenar que remota a existência da família como unidade estruturante da sociedade, e o domicílio como espaço de convivência do núcleo familiar. Já descrito em textos históricos do Egito e Grécia Antiga, o cuidado em saúde no ambiente domiciliar desta época tem pouco em comum com o que na atualidade denominamos Atenção Domiciliar à Saúde (ADS). Em tais épocas, o cuidar em saúde pode ser compreendido como extensão do papel social da unidade familiar, visto a inexistência de profissionais e serviços de saúde da forma que conhecemos hoje. Tal prática só será questionada, ou posta à prova, com o advento do hospital como estrutura moderna centralizadora e monopolizadora dos cuidados em saúde, amplamente impulsionada pelo desenvolvimento da Medicina Científica, a partir de meados do século XIX. Se o sucesso da Medicina Científica pode ser apontado como responsável pela perda do status dos cuidados domiciliares, atualmente os excessos da medicina baseada nas ciências biomédicas, estruturante das instituições hospitalares, parece ser o ponto de inflexão que tem levado pacientes, famílias e profissionais a questionar a supremacia hospitalar nos cuidados em saúde. No Brasil, tem-se observado nos últimos 20 anos o aumento progressivo do número de serviços de ADS. Tal movimento parece se justificar por três razões principais. A primeira delas, como descrito acima, diz respeito ao questionamento levantado pela sociedade quanto aos excessos, malefícios e limitações da medicina hospitalar para os cuidados de pacientes crônicos, ou em reabilitação de longo prazo. Um exemplo que ilustra esse fato são as infecções nosocomiais por patógenos multirresistentes adquiridas em internações hospitalares. Uma segunda razão diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias substitutivas àquelas de uso exclusivo às unidades hospitalares, o que permite a prestação de cuidados de níveis mais complexo em outros contextos, como o domiciliar. Pode-se citar a facilidade no aporte de terapia de suporte ventilatório e oxigenioterapia como exemplos. O terceiro, e certamente mais importante, diz respeito aos custos associados à assistência hospitalar, reconhecidos como problemas centrais em qualquer sistema de saúde. Apesar do histórico extenso da ADS e sua potencial capacidade de contribuir para melhorar a eficiência dos sistemas de saúde, a mesma ainda não está estruturada plenamente para este fim. Por ser extremamente abrangente e possuir uma diversidade de configurações possíveis, a ADS não possui um conceito único que integre as diferente dimensões em que está envolvida. A ADS é definida pelo Ministério da Saúde brasileiro, como uma modalidade de atenção à saúde, constituída por um conjunto de ações de promoção à saúde, prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação, prestada em domicílio, de forma integrada à Rede de Atenção à Saúde. No âmbito do SUS, a ADS tem se organizado a partir da rede de atenção primária à saúde, tendo como principal programa estruturante o Melhor em casa, criado em 2011. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os custos associados à ADS no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Método: O estudo proposto será realizado por meio de uma revisão de literatura integrativa, utilizando a bases de dados PubMed e LILACS. Para guiar esta revisão foi elaborada a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: “Quais são os custos associados à ADS no Brasil e nos Estado Unidos, e de que modo estes se relacionam com os modelos assistenciais e sistemas nacionais de saúde destes países?”.  Selecionou-se os seguintes Descritores de Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar, Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar, Agências de Assistência Domiciliar, Visita Domiciliar, Custos e Análise de Custo, Custos de Cuidados de Saúde, Gastos em Saúde, Organização e Administração. A sintaxe utilizada para a busca nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs, foram as seguintes: no MEDLINE (((((((Home Care Services[MeSH Terms]) OR Home Care Services, Hospital-Based[MeSH Terms]) OR Home Care Agencies[MeSH Terms]) AND House Calls[MeSH Terms]) OR (Costs and Cost Analysis[MeSH Terms])) OR Health Care Costs[MeSH Terms]) OR Health Expenditures[MeSH Terms]) AND (Organization and Administration[MeSH Terms]), e na LILACS (tw:(Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar)) OR (tw:(Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar)) OR (tw:(Agências de Assistência Domiciliar)) OR (tw:(Visita Domiciliar)) AND (tw:(Custos e Análise de Custo)) OR (tw:(Custos de Cuidados de Saúde)) OR (tw:(Gastos em Saúde)) OR (tw:(Organização e Administração)). Resultados Esperados: pretende-se caracterizar a ADS nos países em estudo; descrever os principais itens de custo relacionados à ADS nos países em estudo; estudar as principais características dos sistemas de saúde dos países em estudo, considerando os modelos técnico-assistenciais presentes na ADS; e relacionar os custos associados à ADS com os modelos técnico-assistenciais e de sistemas de saúde dos países em estudo. Considerações finais: Apesar dos avanços da ADS nas últimas décadas, esta modalidade de assistência à saúde ainda é pouco estruturada e estudada. Em análise preliminar dos resultados da pesquisa nas bases de dados, observa-se que grande parte da literatura disponível se trata de relatos de experiência ou publicações amparadas no empirismo do autor. Tal fato pode indicar a necessidade de maior investimento neste campo, visto seu potencial como reorganizador da atenção à saúde de pacientes com condições crônicas ou em contexto de terminalidade de vida.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Luciana Lolich ◽  
Virpi Timonen

This article examines the emotions of fear and feeling fortunate experienced by key actors in home-care services in Ireland. We take a relational approach to emotions; that is to say, an understanding that emotions are produced in social interactions and play an essential part in how people engage with, and respond to, long-term care policies. The study involved focus groups and in-depth interviews with 104 participants. Our findings show that the most vulnerable participants – service users and care workers on precarious contracts – feel fortunate or fearful about outcomes that had, or would have, a direct impact on them: respectively, having a good carer and obtaining job satisfaction, or losing a home-care package and not having enough work. Professionals were more likely to speak about luck and fear, not in relation to what could happen to them directly but in relation to the fate of service users and care workers. The unregulated home-care services in Ireland have influenced actors to construe their own and others’ participation in the system as increasingly individualised, where desired outcomes depend on one’s good luck or strong personal relationships. For the system to work properly trust needs to be present not only at the micro level of individual relationships but also at a system level. This could lead to a decline in emotions that centre on feeling fortunate and fearful, and an increase in expressions of trust and a sense of control by both care providers and care recipients.


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