Early Spirometry Following Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction with Endobronchial Valves

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) by endobronchial valve (EBV) implantation has been shown to improve dyspnea, pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in highly selected patients with severe emphysema and hyperinflation. The most frequent adverse event is a pneumothorax (PTX), occurring in approximately one-fifth of the cases due to intrathoracic volume shifts. The majority of these incidents are observed within 48 h post-procedure. However, the delayed occurrence of PTX after hospital discharge is a matter of concern. There is currently no approved concept for its prevention. Particularly, it is unknown whether and when respiratory manoeuvers such as spirometry post EBV treatment are feasible and safe. As per standard operating procedure at the University Hospital Zurich, early spirometry is scheduled after BLVR and prior to the discharge of the patient in order to monitor treatment success. The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of early spirometry. In addition, we hypothesized that early spirometry could be useful to identify patients at risk for late PTX, which may occur after hospital discharge. All patients who underwent BLVR using EBVs between January 2018 and January 2020 at our hospital were enrolled in this study. After excluding 16 patients diagnosed post-procedure with PTX and four patients for other reasons, early spirometry was performed in 61 cases. There was neither a clinically relevant PTX during or after early spirometry nor a late PTX following hospital discharge. In conclusion, we found early spirometry, conducted not sooner than three days following EBV treatment, to be feasible and safe. Furthermore, early spirometry seems to be a useful predictor for successful BLVR, and it may help to decide whether a patient can be discharged. Given the small sample size and the retrospective design of our study, a prospective study that includes routine chest imaging after early spirometry to definitively exclude PTX is needed to recommend early spirometry as part of the standard protocol following EBV treatment.

Development of a Readiness for Hospital Discharge assessment tool in Thai patients with stroke

Background: The transition from hospital to home among patients with stroke is quite challenging. If the patients are not ready for hospital discharge, their condition may worsen, which also causes a high rate of readmission. Although instruments to measure readiness for hospital discharge exist, none of them fit with the Thailand context. Objective: This study aimed to develop a Readiness for Hospital Discharge assessment tool in Thai patients with stroke. Methods: The study was conducted from February to September 2020, which consisted of several steps: 1) conducting an extensive literature review, 2) content validity with five experts, 3) pilot testing with 30 samples, and 4) field testing with 348 participants. Content validity index (CVI) was used to measure the content validity, Cronbach’s alpha and inter-item correlation to evaluate reliability, and multiple logistic regression analysis to measure the construct validity. Results: The findings showed good validity and reliability, with I-CVI of 0.85, Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94, and corrected item-total correlation ranging from 0.43 to 0.86. The construct validity was demonstrated through the results of regression analysis showing that the nine variables include level of consciousness (OR = 0.544; CI 95% = 0.311 - 0.951), verbal response (OR = 0.445; 95% CI 0.272- 0.729), motor power right leg (OR = 0.165; 95% CI 0.56- 0.485), visual field (OR = 0.188; 95% CI 0.60-0.587), dysphagia (OR = 0.618; 95% CI 0.410-0.932), mobility (OR = 0.376; 95% CI 0.190 - 0.741), self-feeding (OR = 0.098; 95% CI 0.036 -0.265), bathing (OR = 0.099; 95% CI 0.026-0.378), and bladder control (OR = 0.589; 95% CI 0.355-0.977) that significantly influenced the hospital readmission within 30 days in patients with stroke. Conclusion: The Readiness for Hospital Discharge assessment tool is valid and reliable. Healthcare providers, especially nurses, can use this tool to assess discharge conditions for patients with stroke with greater accuracy in predicting hospital readmission.

Prediction and risk stratification from hospital discharge records based on Hierarchical sLDA

Background The greatly accelerated development of information technology has conveniently provided adoption for risk stratification, which means more beneficial for both patients and clinicians. Risk stratification offers accurate individualized prevention and therapeutic decision making etc. Hospital discharge records (HDRs) routinely include accurate conclusions of diagnoses of the patients. For this reason, in this paper, we propose an improved model for risk stratification in a supervised fashion by exploring HDRs about coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods We introduced an improved four-layer supervised latent Dirichlet allocation (sLDA) approach called Hierarchical sLDA model, which categorized patient features in HDRs as patient feature-value pairs in one-hot way according to clinical guidelines for lab test of CHD. To address the data missing and imbalance problem, RFs and SMOTE methods are used respectively. After TF-IDF processing of datasets, variational Bayes expectation-maximization method and generalized linear model were used to recognize the latent clinical state of a patient, i.e., risk stratification, as well as to predict CHD. Accuracy, macro-F1, training and testing time performance were used to evaluate the performance of our model. Results According to the characteristics of our datasets, i.e., patient feature-value pairs, we construct a supervised topic model by adding one more Dirichlet distribution hyperparameter to sLDA. Compared with established supervised algorithm Multi-class sLDA model, we demonstrate that our proposed approach enhances training time by 59.74% and testing time by 25.58% but almost no loss of average prediction accuracy on our datasets. Conclusions A model for risk stratification and prediction of CHD based on sLDA model was proposed. Experimental results show that Hierarchical sLDA model we proposed is competitive in time performance and accuracy. Hierarchical processing of patient features can significantly improve the disadvantages of low efficiency and time-consuming Gibbs sampling of sLDA model.

ReTEECA Trial. Rescue TransEsophageal Echocardiography for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

This trial is aimed at studying the utility and interventional outcomes of rescue transesophageal echocardiography (RescueTEE) to aid in diagnosis, change in management, and outcomes during CPR by using a point of care RescueTEE protocol in the evaluation of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). This is an interventional prospective convenience sampled partially blinded phase II clinical trial with primary outcomes of survival to hospital discharge (SHD) with RescueTEE image guided ACLS versus conventional ACLS.

ED90 of spinal 2-chloroprocaine 1% in ambulatory knee arthroscopy up to 45 min: a randomized biased-coin- up-and-down sequential allocation trial

BackgroundA short acting spinal anesthetic facilitates smooth flow since quick recovery of motor function will facilitate unassisted ambulation. The aim of this study was to estimate the effective dose (ED90) of intrathecal 2-chloroprocaine 1% in outpatient knee arthroscopy.MethodsTwo cohorts were included in two different hospitals. In cohort I, a randomized biased-coin up-and-down design with 40 patients was used to find the ED90. Four dose-levels of plain 2-chloroprocaine 1% were used: 25, 30, 35 and 40 mg. The identified primary outcome, the ED90, was validated in 50 patients in cohort II with an open label design. Secondary outcomes included time to complete recovery from motor and sensory block with spinal injection as time zero, peak sensory block level, urine retention and time until hospital discharge.ResultsForty patients were included in the final analysis in cohort I. The ED90 was estimated at 27.8 mg, successful spinal anesthesia was obtained in 38 patients (95%). Fifty patients were included in the final analysis in cohort II, 49 patients had successful anesthesia with a fixed round dose of 28 mg. In this Cohort, peak sensory block was T10/T11 (range: (L4–T4)). The median time to full recovery of the motor block was 60 min (45–60) and 90 min (75–105) for the sensory block. The mean time to hospital discharge was 2.9 hours (0.7).ConclusionThe ED90 of 2-chloroprocaine 1% in knee arthroscopy was estimated to be 27.8 mg. In an external population, the ED90 resulted in successful anesthesia in 98% of the patients (95% CI 89% to 100%).Trial registration numberNetherlands Trial Registry (NL6769).

Medication Changes and Diagnosis of New Chronic Illnesses in COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit Survivors

Background Currently, there is limited literature on the impact of the COVID-19 infection on medications and medical conditions in COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Our study is, to our knowledge, the first multicenter study to describe the prevalence of new medical conditions and medication changes at hospital discharge in COVID-19 ICU survivors. Objective To determine the number of medical conditions and medications at hospital admission compared to at hospital discharge in COVID-19 ICU survivors. Methods Retrospective multicenter observational study (7 ICUs) evaluated new medical conditions and medication changes at hospital discharge in patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to an ICU between March 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021. Patient and hospital characteristics, baseline and hospital discharge medication and medical conditions, ICU and hospital length of stay, and Charlson comorbidity index were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient characteristics and number and type of medical conditions and medications. Paired t-test was used to compare number of medical conditions and medications from hospital discharge to admission. Results Of the 973 COVID-19 ICU survivors, 67.4% had at least one new medical condition and 88.2% had at least one medication change. Median number of medical conditions (increased from 3 to 4, P < .0001) and medications (increased from 5 to 8, P < .0001) increased from admission to discharge. Most common new medical conditions at discharge were pulmonary disorders, venous thromboembolism, psychiatric disorders, infection, and diabetes. Most common therapeutic categories associated with medication change were cardiology, gastroenterology, pain, hematology, and endocrinology. Conclusion and Relevance Our study found that the number of medical conditions and medications increased from hospital admission to discharge. Our results provide additional data to help guide providers on using targeted approaches to manage medications and diseases in COVID-19 ICU survivors after hospital discharge.

Evaluation of the Clinical Impact of Thromboprophylaxis in Patients With COVID-19 Following Hospital Discharge

Background: Data are limited regarding the incidence of thromboembolism post-hospital discharge among COVID-19 patients. Guidelines addressing the role of extended thromboprophylaxis for COVID-19 patients are limited and conflicting. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of post-discharge thromboembolic and bleeding events and the role of thromboprophylaxis among COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of hospitalized patients with symptomatic COVID-19 infection who were discharged from a University of Colorado Health (UCHealth) hospital between March 1, 2020, and October 31, 2020. The primary outcome was objectively confirmed thromboembolism within 35 days post-discharge. The main secondary outcome was the incidence of bleeding events within 35 days post-discharge. Outcomes were compared between those who received extended prophylaxis and those who did not. Results: A total of 1171 patients met the study criteria. A total of 13 (1.1%) of patients had a documented thromboembolic event and 10 (0.9%) patients had a documented bleeding event within 35 days post-discharge. None of the 132 patients who received extended prophylaxis had a thromboembolic event compared to 13 of 1039 who did not receive extended prophylaxis (0 and 1.3%, respectively; P = .383). The incidence of bleeding was higher among patients who received extended prophylaxis compared to those who did not (3.0% vs 0.6%, P = .019). Conclusions and Relevance: These results suggest that post-discharge extended prophylaxis may be beneficial for select COVID-19 patients, while carefully weighing the risk of bleeding. Application of our findings may assist institutions in development of thromboprophylaxis protocols for discharged COVID-19 patients.

Burden of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Children and Adolescents in Europe: Hospital Discharges, Deaths and Years of Life Lost

Children and adolescents are at high risk of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). To identify those most at risk across Europe, a comprehensive epidemiological study on the burden of TBI is needed. Our aim was to estimate the burden of TBI in the pediatric and adolescent population of Europe by calculating rates of hospital-based incidence, death and years of life lost (YLL) due to TBI in 33 countries of Europe in 2014 (most recent available data). We conducted a cross-sectional observational, population-based study. All cases with TBI in the age range 0 to 19, registered in the causes of death databases or hospital discharge databases of 33 European countries were included. Crude and age-standardized rates of hospital discharges, deaths and YLLs due to TBI; and pooled estimates for all countries combined were calculated. TBI caused 2303 deaths (71% in boys), 154,282 YLLs (68% in boys) and 441,368 hospital discharges (61% in boys) in the population of 0–19 year-olds. We estimated pooled age-standardized rates of death (2.8, 95% CI: 2.4–3.3), YLLs (184.4, 95% CI: 151.6–217.2) and hospital discharges (344.6, 95% CI: 250.3–438.9) for the analyzed countries in 2014. The population of 15–19 year-olds had the highest rates of deaths and YLLs, and the population of 0–4 year-olds had the highest rate of hospital discharges. Detailed estimates of hospital discharge, death and YLL rates based on high-quality, standardized data may be used to develop health policies, aid decision-making and plan prevention.

Prognostic significance of international normalised ratio and prothrombin time in Chinese acute ischaemic stroke patients

BackgroundWe investigated the association between international normalised ratio (INR) and prothrombin time (PT) levels on hospital admission and in-hospital outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients.MethodsA total of 3175 AIS patients enrolled from December 2013 to May 2014 across 22 hospitals in Suzhou city were included. We divided patients into four groups according to their level of admission INR: (<0.92), Q2 (0.92–0.98), Q3 (0.98–1.04) and Q4 (≥1.04) and PT. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of INR and PT on death or major disability (modified Rankin Scale score (mRS)>3), death and major disability (mRS scores 4–5) separately on discharge in AIS patients.ResultsHaving an INR level in the highest quartile (Q4) was associated with an increased risk of death or major disability (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.31; P-trend=0.001), death (OR, 2.64; 95% CI 1.12 to 6.19; P-trend=0.002) and major disability on discharge (OR, 1.56; 95% CI 1.13 to 2.15; P-trend=0.008) in comparison to Q1 after adjusting for potential covariates. Moreover, in multivariable logistic regression models, having a PT level in the highest quartile also significantly increased the risk of death (OR, 2.38; 95% CI 1.06 to 5.32; P-trend=0.006) but not death or major disability (P-trend=0.240), major disability (P-trend=0.606) on discharge.ConclusionsHigh INR at admission was independently associated with death or major disability, death and major disability at hospital discharge in AIS patients and increased PT was also associated with death at hospital discharge.