scholarly journals Fairness evaluation of health financing between 2007 to 2010 in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Wang ◽  
Qing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health System ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background: Population aging and the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly a strain on health systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses fairness of health financing as one of the criteria for assessing health system performance. The Chinese government has undertaken a series of health reforms to reduce the pace of disease transition towards non-communicable diseases, as well as protecting people from catastrophic health expenditures. The aim of this study was to assess the fairness of health financing among the elderly with different health conditions in China during the year of 2007 to 2010. Methods: The data source was the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1, a national weighted data collected from adults older than 50 years. In this study, 10099 respondents were included for analysis. Chi-square and partial proportional odds model test were applied to assess the distribution of socioeconomic and health behavior factors among different chronic conditions. Fairness of healthcare financing analysis was used to evaluate how the burden of health financing is distributed according to the household ability to pay (ATP). Dominance tests were applied for comparing different ways of health financing among health conditions. Results: More than half of the elderly had at least one chronic condition, and around 20% people suffered from multi-morbidity. Several socioeconomic as well as health behavior factors were found associated with developing NCDs. Out-of-pocket payment dominated other health finance sources in Non-NCD, single morbidity and multi-morbidity groups with a regressive pattern. Even though mandatory insurance had covered more than 70% of the elder population in China, due to the relative lower proportion reimbursement for chronic diseases, people still had to pay a lot for seeking healthcare between 2007 to 2010. Conclusion: When reimbursement for chronic diseases is relatively low, high mandatory insurance coverage does not ensure fairness of health financing. The Chinese health system should be developed further in order to meet the needs of elderly with different chronic conditions.

scholarly journals Fairness evaluation for the elder population in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Wang ◽  
Qing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health System ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Elder Population

Abstract Background: Population aging and the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases are increasingly a strain on health systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses fairness of health financing as one of the criteria for assessing health system performance. The Chinese government has undertaken taken a series of health reforms to reduce the pace of disease transition towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as protecting people from catastrophic health expenditures. The aim of this study was to assess the fairness of health financing among the elderly with different health conditions in China. Methods: The data source was the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1, a national weighted data collected from adults older than 50 years. In this study, 10099 respondents were included for analysis. Chi-square and partial proportional odds model test were applied to assess the distribution of socioeconomic and health behavior factors among different chronic conditions. Fairness of health financing analysis was used to evaluate how the burden of health financing is distributed according to the household ability to pay (ATP). Dominance tests were applied for comparing different ways of health financing among health conditions. Results: More than half of the elderly had at least one chronic condition, and around 20% people suffered from multi-morbidity. Several socioeconomic as well as health behavior factors were found associated with developing NCDs. Out-of-pocket payment dominated other health finance sources in all three chronic conditions with a regressive pattern. Even though mandatory insurance had covered more than 70% of the elder population in China, due to the relative lower proportion reimbursement for chronic diseases, people still had to pay a lot for seeking healthcare. Conclusion: When reimbursement for chronic diseases is relatively low, high mandatory insurance coverage does not ensure fairness of health financing. The Chinese health system should be developed further in order to meet the needs of elderly with different chronic conditions.

scholarly journals Fairness evaluation for the elder population in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Wang ◽  
Qing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health System ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Elder Population

Abstract Introduction: Population aging and the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases are increasingly a strain on health systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses fairness of health financing as one of the criteria for assessing health system performance. The Chinese government has undertaken taken a series of health reforms to reduce the pace of disease transition towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as protecting people from catastrophic health expenditures. The aim of this study was to assess the fairness of health financing among the elderly with different health conditions in China. Methods: Fairness of health financing analysis was used to evaluate how the burden of health financing is distributed according to the household ability to pay (ATP). The data source was the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1, a national weighted data collected from adults older than 50 years. Chi-square and partial proportional odds model test were applied to assess the distribution of socioeconomic and health behavior factors among different chronic conditions. Kakwani indexes and curves were obtained from concentration index/ curves and Gini coefficient/ATP for progressivity analysis in healthcare financing. Dominance tests were applied for comparing different ways of health financing among health conditions. Results: More than half of the elderly had at least one chronic condition, and around 20% people suffered from multi-morbidity. Several socioeconomic as well as health behavior factors were associated with developing NCDs. Out-of-pocket payment dominated other health finance sources in all three chronic conditions with a regressive pattern. Even though mandatory insurance had covered more than 70% of the elder population in China, due to the relative lower proportion reimbursement for chronic diseases, people still had to pay a lot for seeking healthcare. Conclusion: When reimbursement for chronic diseases is relatively low, high mandatory insurance coverage does not ensure fairness of health financing. The Chinese health system should be developed further in order to meet the needs of elderly with different chronic conditions. Key words : Non-communicable diseases, the elderly, socioeconomic status, health financing, kakwani index

scholarly journals Fairness evaluation for the elder population in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Wang ◽  
Qing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health System ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Elder Population

Abstract Background: Population aging and the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases are increasingly a strain on health systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses fairness of health financing as one of the criteria for assessing health system performance. The Chinese government has undertaken taken a series of health reforms to reduce the pace of disease transition towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as protecting people from catastrophic health expenditures. The aim of this study was to assess the fairness of health financing among the elderly with different health conditions in China. Methods: The data source was the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1, a national weighted data collected from adults older than 50 years. In this study, 10099 respondents were included for analysis. Chi-square and partial proportional odds model test were applied to assess the distribution of socioeconomic and health behavior factors among different chronic conditions. Fairness of health financing analysis was used to evaluate how the burden of health financing is distributed according to the household ability to pay (ATP). Dominance tests were applied for comparing different ways of health financing among health conditions. Results: More than half of the elderly had at least one chronic condition, and around 20% people suffered from multi-morbidity. Several socioeconomic as well as health behavior factors were found associated with developing NCDs. Out-of-pocket payment dominated other health finance sources in all three chronic conditions with a regressive pattern. Even though mandatory insurance had covered more than 70% of the elder population in China, due to the relative lower proportion reimbursement for chronic diseases, people still had to pay a lot for seeking healthcare.Conclusion: When reimbursement for chronic diseases is relatively low, high mandatory insurance coverage does not ensure fairness of health financing. The Chinese health system should be developed further in order to meet the needs of elderly with different chronic conditions.

scholarly journals Development of New Catalytic Material for Accurate Detection of Biological Biomarkers Related to Most Common Non-Communicable Diseases

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Morais ◽  
Patrícia Rijo ◽  
Belén Batanero ◽  
Marisa Nicolai
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Significant Health

Presently, long-lasting health disorders represent a significant health problem in developing countries. Further, epidemiological trends associated with lifestyle habits suggest that chronic conditions tend not to slow down all over the world. As such, reliable analytical techniques to manage chronic health conditions such as diabetes-mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, among other non-communicable diseases (NCD), are of paramount importance.

Adipositasprävention und non-communicable diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
M. Braun ◽  
J. Ried
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health Assembly

ZusammenfassungDie 65. World Health Assembly hat die Bekämpfung nicht-übertragbarer Krankheiten in den Mittelpunkt globaler Aufmerksamkeit und Aktivität gerückt. Da Übergewicht bzw. Adipositas wesentliche Risikofaktoren für einen erheblichen Teil dieser Erkrankungen darstellen, kommt damit der Prävention (aber auch der Therapie) erhöhten Körpergewichtes in der Programmatik der WHO besondere Bedeutung zu. Gleichzeitig führen die hochgesteckten Ziele der WHO in das fundamentale Dilemma, dass es keine Instrumente gibt, die angestrebten Prävalenz- und Reduktionsraten im vorgegebenen Zeitrahmen zu erreichen. Daraus ergeben sich eine Reihe ethischer und sozialer Fragen, unter anderem nach dem zu Grunde gelegten Modell der Adipositas und den impliziten und expliziten Verantwortlichkeiten für ihre Bekämpfung.

Non-Communicable Diseases and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 626-659
Author(s):  
Roger Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for around 70 percent of global deaths each year. This chapter describes how NCDs have become prevalent and critically evaluates global efforts to address NCDs and their risk factors, with a particular focus on the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) system. It explores the factors that have prevented those addressing NCDs from achieving access to resources and a priority commensurate with their impact on people’s lives. The chapter evaluates the global response to NCDs both prior to and since the UN High-Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, held in 2011, and considers opportunities for strengthening that response in future.

scholarly journals Prevalence of disabilities and non-communicable diseases in an elderly population in the Telangana state, India: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041755
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Jill E Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of disabilities (vision, hearing, mobility, cognitive, self-care and communication) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the elderly population in two districts in Telangana, India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a cluster random sampling method to select the study clusters.SettingElderly population in Khammam and Warangal districts were recruited. Detailed interviews were conducted by trained community health workers. Personal and demographic information such as age, gender, level of education and a self-report of NCDs was collected. The Washington Disability Questionnaire was administered to assess the presence of disabilities.Participants1821 participants aged ≥60 years, 54.5% were women, and 73.3% had no education.Primary outcome measurePrevalence of disabilities and NCDs.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of at least disability was 20.3% (95% CI 16.3 to 24.9). The prevalence of self- reported disabilities were: seeing (5.9%; 95% CI 4.4 to 7.8), mobility (12.8%; 95% CI 9.7 to 16.8), hearing (3.6%; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.8), cognition (4.8%; 95% CI 3.5 to 6.7), self-care (3.3%; 95% CI 2.3 to 4.7) and communication (1.8%; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Overall, the prevalence of at least one NCD was 34.2% (95% CI 30.9 to 37.7). Hypertension was the most common systemic condition (25.4%; 95% CI 22.4 to 28.7), followed by diabetes (9.0%; 95% CI 7.3 to 11.0), and body pains (muscle-skeletal) (9.9%; 95% CI 8.1 to 12.2).ConclusionEvery fifth elderly person in the districts of Khammam and Warangal in Telangana had at least one self-reported disability. Besides, a third of the elderly had at least one NCD. There is a definite need to develop comprehensive public health strategies to address disabilities and NCDs in Telangana.

scholarly journals Diagnostics and monitoring tools for noncommunicable diseases: a missing component in the global response

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz ◽  
Jessica H. Zafra-Tanaka ◽  
Miguel Moscoso-Porras ◽  
Rangarajan Sampath ◽  
Beatrice Vetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Monitoring Tools

AbstractA key component of any health system is the capacity to accurately diagnose individuals. One of the six building blocks of a health system as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) includes diagnostic tools. The WHO’s Noncommunicable Disease Global Action Plan includes addressing the lack of diagnostics for noncommunicable diseases, through multi-stakeholder collaborations to develop new technologies that are affordable, safe, effective and quality controlled, and improving laboratory and diagnostic capacity and human resources. Many challenges exist beyond price and availability for the current tools included in the Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions (PEN) for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. These include temperature stability, adaptability to various settings (e.g. at high altitude), need for training in order to perform and interpret the test, the need for maintenance and calibration, and for Blood Glucose Meters non-compatible meters and test strips. To date the issues surrounding access to diagnostic and monitoring tools for noncommunicable diseases have not been addressed in much detail. The aim of this Commentary is to present the current landscape and challenges with regards to guidance from the WHO on diagnostic tools using the WHO REASSURED criteria, which define a set of key characteristics for diagnostic tests and tools. These criteria have been used for communicable diseases, but so far have not been used for noncommunicable diseases. Diagnostic tools have played an important role in addressing many communicable diseases, such as HIV, TB and neglected tropical diseases. Clearly more attention with regards to diagnostics for noncommunicable diseases as a key component of the health system is needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with Metabolic Syndrome in elderly users of the Unified Health System

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Cunha Vieira ◽  
Maria do Rosário Gondim Peixoto ◽  
Erika Aparecida da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in the elderly. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with 133 individuals randomly selected in the Unified Health System in Goiania, Goiás. The following variables were researched: anthropometric (BMI, waist circumference, fat percentage by Dual X-ray absorptiometry), sociodemographic (gender, age, color, income, marital status and years of schooling), lifestyle (physical activity, smoking and risk alcohol consumption) and food intake (risk and protective foods). The metabolic syndrome was assessed according to harmonized criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The combinations were tested by Poisson regression for confounding factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 58.65% (95%CI 49.8 - 67.1), with 60.5% (95%CI 49.01 - 71.18) for females and 55.7% (95%CI 41.33 - 69.53) for males. Hypertension was the most prevalent component of the syndrome in both men, with 80.8% (95%CI 64.5 - 90.4), and women, with 85.2% (95%CI 75.5 - 92.1). After the multivariate analysis, only the excess of weight measured by body mass index (prevalence ratio = 1.66; p < 0.01) remained associated with the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this sample was high, indicating the need for systematic actions by health workers in the control of risk factors through prevention strategies and comprehensive care to the elderly.

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