scholarly journals Oxidized Linoleic Acid Interacts With Gut Microbiota to Promote Colitis and Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weicang Wang ◽  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Katherine Z. Sanidad ◽  
Jianan Zhang ◽  
Haixia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background: Emerging human studies support that a high intake of linoleic acid (LA), which is an essential fatty acid and the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in human diet, is associated with increased risks of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a PUFA, LA is highly prone to oxidation; to date, it remains unknown whether the observed IBD-enhancing effect of dietary LA is caused by LA itself (un-oxidized LA) or oxidized LA. Answering this question will help us to identify the exact risk factor of IBD and to develop targeted strategies to reduce the risks of IBD; in addition, the obtained information could have important implications for optimizing dietary recommendations. Results: Here we show that oxidized LA, rather than LA itself, exacerbates colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis, via gut microbiota- and microbial receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent mechanisms. Administration of a diet containing oxidized LA, at low human-consumption levels, increases the severity of colitis and exaggerates the development of colorectal tumorigenesis in mice. In addition, oxidized LA alters gut microbiota and fails to promote colitis in antibiotic-treated mice. Finally, oxidized LA activates TLR4 signaling in vivo and fails to promote colitis in Tlr4-/- mice. Conclusions: Overall, these results support that oxidized LA could be a risk factor of IBD and associated diseases, highlighting the need to develop novel strategies to further control oxidation of dietary LA and potentially update policies regulating the levels of oxidized LA in food products.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of dicarboxylic fatty acids in head tissue of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Lehnert ◽  
Mamun M. Rashid ◽  
Benoy Kumar Barman ◽  
Walter Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union

AbstractNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was grown in Bangladesh with four different feeding treatments as part of a project that aims to produce fish in a cost-effective way for low-income consumers in developing countries. Fillet and head tissue was analysed because both tissues were destined for human consumption. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of transesterified fatty acid methyl ester extracts indicated the presence of ~ 50 fatty acids. Major fatty acids in fillet and head tissue were palmitic acid and oleic acid. Both linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds were presented in quantities > 10% of total fatty acids in fillet, but lower in head tissue. Erucic acid levels were below the newly proposed tolerable daily intake in the European Union, based on the consumption of 200 g fillet per day. Moreover, further analysis produced evidence for the presence of the dicarboxylic fatty acid azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid, Di9:0) in head tissue. To verify this uncommon finding, countercurrent chromatography was used to isolate Di9:0 and other dicarboxylic acids from a technical standard followed by its quantification. Di9:0 contributed to 0.4–1.3% of the fatty acid profile in head tissue, but was not detected in fillet. Fish fed with increasing quantities of flaxseed indicated that linoleic acid was the likely precursor of Di9:0 in the head tissue samples.

scholarly journals Differences in the metabolism of esterified and unesterified linoleic acid by rumen micro-organisms

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
R. C. Noble ◽  
W. Steele ◽  
J. W. Czerkawski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Maize Oil

1. Sheep were given intraruminal infusions of maize oil or linoleic acid and samples of contents were taken from the rumen and abomasum at different times after the infusions. Hydrolysis of the maize oil occurred in the rumen with the production of mono- and di-glycerides as intermediates. Linoleic acid derived from the maize oil was hydrogenated to stearic acid. When linoleic acid was infused into the rumen, little or no stearic acid was produced and octadecenoic acid accumulated.2. When linoleic acid or maize oil was incubated with rumen contents in an artificial rumen and samples of the reaction mixtures were taken from the apparatus after various time intervals, the results were similar to those obtained in vivo, except that the hydrolysis of maize oil did not give rise to mono- and di-glycerides.3. These results are discussed in relation to previous findings on the effects of intraruminal infusions of maize oil or linoleic acid on the fatty acid composition of the blood triglycerides of sheep.

scholarly journals In Vitro Characterization of Gut Microbiota-Derived Commensal Strains: Selection of Parabacteroides distasonis Strains Alleviating TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Cuffaro ◽  
Aka L. W. Assohoun ◽  
Denise Boutillier ◽  
Lenka Súkeníková ◽  
Jérémy Desramaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Regulatory T Lymphocytes ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity seem to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to gut barrier disruption and induction of proinflammatory immune responses. This opens the door for the use of novel health-promoting bacteria. We selected five Parabacteroides distasonis strains isolated from human adult and neonates gut microbiota. We evaluated in vitro their immunomodulation capacities and their ability to reinforce the gut barrier and characterized in vivo their protective effects in an acute murine model of colitis. The in vitro beneficial activities were highly strain dependent: two strains exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory potential and restored the gut barrier while a third strain reinstated the epithelial barrier. While their survival to in vitro gastric conditions was variable, the levels of P. distasonis DNA were higher in the stools of bacteria-treated animals. The strains that were positively scored in vitro displayed a strong ability to rescue mice from colitis. We further showed that two strains primed dendritic cells to induce regulatory T lymphocytes from naïve CD4+ T cells. This study provides better insights on the functionality of commensal bacteria and crucial clues to design live biotherapeutics able to target inflammatory chronic diseases such as IBD.

Oxidation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor: role of lipid peroxidation products

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2211-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mohsenin ◽  
J. L. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Inhibitory Capacity ◽  
Buffer Control

Previously we demonstrated that in vivo exposure of humans to NO2 resulted in significant inactivation of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. However, alpha 1-PI retains its elastase inhibitory activity in vitro when exposed to 10 times the concentration of NO2 used in vivo. We suggested exogenous oxidants such as O2 and NO2 exert their effect in vivo in part through lipid peroxidation. We investigated the mechanism of inactivation of alpha 1-PI in the presence or absence of lipids under oxidant atmosphere. alpha 1-PI in solutions containing phosphate buffer (control), 0.1 mM stearic acid (saturated fatty acid, 18:0), or 0.1 mM linoleic acid (polyunsaturated fatty acid, 18:2) was exposed to either N2 or NO2 (50 ppm for 4 h). Elastase inhibitory capacity of alpha 1-PI was significantly diminished in the presence of 0.1 mM linoleic acid and under NO2 atmosphere (75 +/- 8% of control, P less than 0.01), whereas there was no change in elastase inhibitory capacity of alpha 1-PI in the presence or absence (buffer only) of 0.1 mM stearic acid under a similar condition (109 +/- 11 and 94 +/- 6%, respectively). The inactivated alpha 1-PI as the result of peroxidized lipid could be reactivated by dithiothreitol and methionine sulfoxide peptide reductase, suggesting oxidation of methionine residue at the elastase inhibitory site. Furthermore the inhibitory effect of peroxidized lipid on alpha 1-PI could be prevented by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase and to some extent by alpha-tocopherol.

scholarly journals The link between supplementary tannin level and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) formation in ruminants: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba ◽  
Pramote Paengkoum ◽  
Siwaporn Paengkoum
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractThis meta-analysis was conducted to predict and assert a way to discover conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) formation in ruminant-derived products as problem solver of human health issues threated by plant-containing tannins. The objective was to expound, to compare, and to confirm the efficiency of tannins cultivating CLA formation whether using in vitro and/or in vivo study. A database was created using the ruminants with selectively 26 experiments comprising 683 dietary treatments as explained in vitro and in vivo methods that were applied as a statistical SAS 9.4 tool. Basically, increasing level of tannins leaded to an underlying decrease in CLA formation (p<0.001), initially at predicting coefficient determination R2=0.193, R2=0.929, and R2=0.549 for CLA in vitro, in vivo of CLA milk shift, and in vivo of CLA meat precipitation, respectively. In vitro may accurately predict to the in vivo observation. Unfortunately, there were no relationship in vitro towards in vivo observation (R2<0.1). It indicated to be difficult to predict CLA from in vitro to in vivo separately situations. According to all studies, the level of tannin’s utilization for inhibiting biohydrogenation was not exceedingly >50 g/kg DM recommended. Secondly, the in vivo method was more suitable for directly observation that concerned in fatty acid transformation.

scholarly journals Reduction of Detrimental Effect of Soybean Oil in-vivo Using Watermelon White Rind Extract

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanan M. El-Ghandour
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Acid Methyl

Aim: To study the effect of white rind extract on decreasing soybean oil impact on calcium and phosphorous blood levels in vivo. Method: Dried watermelon white rind was directed to mycotoxin and elemental determinations to assure its safe usage. Soybean oil was subjected to fatty acid and GC-MS analysis. Biological experiment was conducted using male albino rats fed diet prepared by soybean oil and supplied with aqueous watermelon white rind extract for two months’ interval period. At the end of the experiment, the calcium and phosphorus in blood were determined. Results: The rind was free from aflatoxin and ochratoxin. Watermelon white rind aqueous extract contained iron, copper, potassium, chromium and selenium at concentration ranges of 3.4, 0.53, 45.51, 0.0142 and 0.0985 ppm, respectively. Soybean oil had free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine number and anisidine value of 0.43%, 13.62 meq O2/Kg, 132 and 0.7, respectively. GC-MS analysis of soy oil ascertained the presence of twenty-four compounds: linoleic acid, methyl ester (25.27%), monensin (15.75%), elaidic acid (9.24%), nonadecanoic acid, methyl ester (7.04%), cis-13-eicosenoic acid (4.92%), cis-vaccenic acid (4.68%), linoleic acid (4.67%), palmitoleic acid (4.46%), 9-tetradecenal (4.42%) and cysteine (4.18%)were the most predominant. Fatty acid profile of the oil showed that the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acids was 1:5. Conclusion: Rats fed diet prepared by soybean oil had a decreased calcium level in comparison with negative control (p<0.05). Supplementation with watermelon white rind aqueous extract rendered calcium level to normal status as negative control. Phosphorus level wasn’t affected by soya oil.  

scholarly journals Meat quality and tissue fatty acid profiles in rabbits fed diets supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 552-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marounek ◽  
V. Skrivanova ◽  
A. Dokoupilova ◽  
M. Czauderna ◽  
A. Berladyn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Cla Isomers ◽  
Rabbit Meat

In this study the deposition of dietary CLA isomers in loin and hindleg meat, liver and fat, and the influence on performance and fatty acid (FA) profile were investigated in growing rabbits. CLA was supplied as synthetically produced oil at 5 and 10 g/kg diet for the whole fattening period (six weeks) or three weeks before the slaughter. CLA had no or limited effect on feed intake, growth, carcass traits and composition of meat. Treatment with CLA increased the proportion of saturated FA at the expense of monounsaturated FA in meat and liver. Supplementation of the diet with CLA increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) CLA in lipids of meat from < 1 mg/g FA up to 36 mg/g FA. Adipose and hepatic tissue incorporated the highest (44 mg/g FA) and the lowest (14 mg/g FA) amount of CLA, respectively. The concentration of CLA in tissue lipids increased (<I>P</I> < 0.05) with increasing CLA content in the diet. Duration of CLA feeding had no effect on CLA deposition. Thus, dietary inclusion of CLA at higher concentration (10 g/kg) and feeding CLA-supplemented diet for a shorter period seems to be more suitable for production of CLA-containing rabbit meat. The ratio of the two most abundant isomers of CLA,<I> cis</I>-9, <I>trans</I>-11 and <I>trans</I>-10, <I>cis</I>-12 in tissues differed from that in the CLA-enriched diet. In all tissues the relative proportion of the former isomer was lower than in the diet. The experiment demonstrated that feeding synthetic CLA to rabbits is a means of enriching rabbit meat with CLA, which could provide a healthier product for human consumption.

scholarly journals Defined microbiota transplant restores Th17/RORγt+regulatory T cell balance in mice colonized with inflammatory bowel disease microbiotas

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21536-21545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J. Britton ◽  
Eduardo J. Contijoch ◽  
Matthew P. Spindler ◽  
Varun Aggarwala ◽  
Belgin Dogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The building evidence for the contribution of microbiota to human disease has spurred an effort to develop therapies that target the gut microbiota. This is particularly evident in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), where clinical trials of fecal microbiota transplantation have shown some efficacy. To aid the development of novel microbiota-targeted therapies and to better understand the biology underpinning such treatments, we have used gnotobiotic mice to model microbiota manipulations in the context of microbiotas from humans with inflammatory bowel disease. Mice colonized with IBD donor-derived microbiotas exhibit a stereotypical set of phenotypes, characterized by abundant mucosal Th17 cells, a deficit in the tolerogenic RORγt+regulatory T (Treg) cell subset, and susceptibility to disease in colitis models. Transplanting healthy donor-derived microbiotas into mice colonized with human IBD microbiotas led to induction of RORγt+Treg cells, which was associated with an increase in the density of the microbiotas following transplant. Microbiota transplant reduced gut Th17 cells in mice colonized with a microbiota from a donor with Crohn’s disease. By culturing strains from this microbiota and screening them in vivo, we identified a specific strain that potently induces Th17 cells. Microbiota transplants reduced the relative abundance of this strain in the gut microbiota, which was correlated with a reduction in Th17 cells and protection from colitis.

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