scholarly journals 343 INCREASING CELL SIZE AND MEDIA PACKING ENHANCES THE GROWTH OF LETTUCE SEED LINGS. TRANSPLANT QUALITY, AND FIELD PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 479f-480
Author(s):  
Silvana Nicola ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Light Competition ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cell size and media density can modify plant quality of greenhouse grown transplants through variation in light competition among plants, water and nutrient retention and root growth volumes required to fill the cells Thus, `South Bay' lettuce (Lactuga sativa L.) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse during different seasons to investigate the effect of different cell size and media packing density on transplant quality and yield for lettuce grown on sand and muck soils at different latitudes. Four Speedling flat cell sizes (882, 392, 242, 124 cells/flat) and two media packing densities (unpacked and packed - 1.5 times in weight) were tested in all the trials. Few seedling data parameters had an interaction between cell size and media density at transplanting. The larger cell size (242, 124 cells/flat) and greater media density led to increase leaf area, leaf length, shoot and total dry weight, RGR and LWR Conversely, RWR and the root:shoot ratio had the opposite trend, reaching the greater values with smaller cell size and less media density. High root growth can improve the pulling of the plants from the tray at transplanting and quicker establishment in the field. The treatments did not affect yield of plants grown on organic soil. When plants were grown on sandy soil head weights were greater from plants grown in 392, 242, or 124 cells/flat compared to 882 cells/flat.

Effects of subsoil calcium on the root growth of some lucerne genotypes (Medicago sativa L.) in acidic soil profiles

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Simpson ◽  
A Pinkerton ◽  
J Lazdovskis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Final Harvest

The root growth of lucerne was examined in an acidic soil profile modified by varying additions of calcium carbonate to different layers of the subsoil. Root growth responded strongly to changes in the concentration of exchangeable soil calcium. Symptoms of thickening, distortion and poor lateral formation occurred under low calcium treatments. The results were in agreement with the interacting effects of calcium (at 0.5–5.0mM) and aluminium ions (at 0–20,µM) on lucerne in separate solution culture experiments. Differences in root penetration were observed between three lucerne clones selected from the cultivars Hunter River and Siro Peruvian. At the first harvest, the magnitude of these differences was increased by the addition of lime to the profiles. The three genotypes produced similar total dry weight yields, but differed in their distribution of growth between shoots and roots. This distribution was not affected by the addition of lime to the subsoil. However, the length of roots in the lower layer of the profile ( > 60 cm depth) was more responsive to subsoil treatment than was total dry weight. At the final harvest, the shoot yields of two genotypes were affected by lime treatments, but that of the deepest-rooted genotype was not. The results suggest that improved genotypes could be selected from Australian lucernes for establishment in areas with acidic subsoils, but that selection on root penetration alone would not necessarily lead to increased shoot yields.

scholarly journals Increasing Cell Size and Reducing Medium Compression Enhance Lettuce Transplant Quality and Field Production

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Nicola ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Initial Root

`South Bay' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse during winter, spring, and fall to investigate the effect of cell size and medium compression on transplant quality and yield. Four Speedling planter flats (1.9-, 10.9-, 19.3-, 39.7-cm3 cells) and two medium compression levels [noncompressed and compressed (1.5 times in weight)] were tested. The two larger cell sizes and compression of the medium led to increased plant shoot growth. Conversely, root weight ratio [RWR = (final root dry weight ÷ final total dry weight + initial root dry weight ÷ initial total dry weight) ÷ 2] was highest with the smaller cells without medium compression. Lettuce transplants were field-grown on sand and muck soils. The larger cells delayed harvest by >2 weeks for plants grown on muck soil, but yield was unaffected. When grown on sandy soil, earliness was enhanced from plants grown in 19- and 40-cm3 cells, but head weights were not affected in the spring planting. In fall, heads were heavier for plants grown in 11-, 19-, or 40-cm3 cells compared with those from 2-cm3 cells. On sandy soil, harvest was delayed 13 days in spring and 16 days in fall for plants grown in the smallest cell size. Using the two smaller cell sizes saved medium and space in the greenhouse and increased the root growth ratio, but it led to reduced plant growth compared to using the bigger cells. Yield and earliness were more related to season and soil type than to transplant quality. On sandy soil, plants grown in 2- and 11-cm3 cells matured later, and yield was significantly decreased (8.6%) in fall by using plants from the 2-cm3 cells compared to the other sizes. From our results, compressing the medium in the cells was not justified because it is more costly and did not benefit yield in the field.

scholarly journals Turfgrass Evaluation Under Artificial Shade in the Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 520F-521
Author(s):  
Mark R. LeBlanc ◽  
James N. McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Stolon Length ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Establishing and maintaining turfgrass in the shade is one of the most challenging problems facing turfgrass managers and home owners. A greenhouse study was initiated to determine the shade tolerance of centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack.], carpetgrass [Axonopus affinis Chase], and selected St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] cultivars (`Floratam', `FX-10', `Seville', and `TR 6-10'). Plants were grown under artificial shade (85% polypropylene shade cloth) and full sun. Actual percent shade (%shade={PAR under shade/PAR under sun}*100) was determined by measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under shade cloth and full sun adjacent to the shade structure using a quantum sensor. Pots were arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. All turfgrasses, except `TR 6-10', had a significant reduction in total dry weight in the shade compared to those in the sun. `TR 6-10' had the highest root, leaf, and total dry weight in the shade. `FX-10' had the lowest root, leaf, and total dry weight in the shade. Plants grown under the shade treatment compared to those in the sun resulted in an average decrease in stolon number of 13 and in total stolon length of 170 cm. In the shade, `Floratam' and `Seville' had the longest stolon internode lengths, while `Floratam' had the longest in the sun. There were significant differences for leaf length between the shade and sun treatments, except for carpetgrass and `FX-10'. `Floratam' and `FX-10' had differences in leaf width between the sun and shade.

scholarly journals Scion Inclination in Malus domestica Borkh. and Prunus spp. Influences Root Growth and Distribution

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Bargioni ◽  
Giorgio Baroni ◽  
Pietro Tonutti ◽  
Andrea Pitacco ◽  
Angelo Ramina
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Polar Coordinate System ◽  
The North ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Effects of scion inclination on root growth and distribution were studied on INRA GF 677 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus) and apple/M.9 trees. At planting, central leaders were positioned vertically (0°) or inclined 45° or 60° to the north and south. Three years after planting, root total dry weight of inclined trees was lower than that of the control (0°, vertical central leader). Five years after planting, the isotropic distribution of the normal root systems was distorted by inclination in both species. Roots were more numerous and more elongated in the direction of inclination. Statistical analysis of root density data, using a polar coordinate system, confirmed that the trunk inclination reduced root development and redirected root distribution. The major effect was induced on GF 677 by 60° inclinations. Tree orientation did not seem to influence root distribution.

scholarly journals Effect of Season on Growth, Productivity, and Postharvest Quality of Baby Spinach

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-839
Author(s):  
Ambani R. Mudau ◽  
Puffy Soundy ◽  
Hintsa T. Araya ◽  
Fhatuwani N. Mudau
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Postharvest Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons

Spinach is an annual, cool-season, green leafy vegetable that in temperate areas can be grown year-round. However, different seasons can influence the quality and shelf life of the produce. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different seasons on the quality of baby spinach leaves during growing and postharvest storage. The study was initiated in early Nov. 2013 and culminated toward the end of Oct. 2014, then was repeated from Nov. 2014 until Oct. 2015. A 4 × 5 × 3 factorial experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates per treatment. The treatments were arranged as follows. In autumn, winter, spring, and summer, leaves were kept up to 12 d at three different temperatures: 4, 10, and 20 °C. Parameters recorded are weight loss, leaf length, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Results of the study demonstrate that the level of antioxidants in winter remained stable during storage, specifically at 4 °C, followed by autumn and spring. In contrast, the summer season reflected the worse potential of retaining a level of antioxidants compared with the other seasons. On day 12, at a storage temperature of 4 °C, winter maintained 0.55 mg·g–1 dry weight (DW), whereas autumn, spring, and summer had 0.41, 0.40, and 0.11 mg·g–1 DW, respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended that baby spinach growers consider winter, autumn, and spring for growing baby spinach to manage the quality favorably during the postharvest storage period in South Africa.

scholarly journals Accession Characterization and Genetic Variability Studies in Colocasia esculenta L. Schott

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
KK Paul ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Peduncle Length ◽  
Inflorescence Length ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Accessions of Colocasia esculenta L. Schott. cultivars collected from thirteen aroid growing districts were studied for determining their genetic variability under the agromorphological purviews. Plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, LAI, inflorescence length, peduncle length, spathe length, spathe breadth, corm length, corm breadth, cormel number, cormel length, cormel breadth, corm weight, cormel weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, yield per plant were taken in this study for nature and extent of variability analysis of edible cultivars of Colocasia esculenta L. Schott. Presence of significant differences together with wide ranges of variation in most cultivars indicates wide range of variability existed among the accession as well as local cultivars of this edible aroid. Genotypic variances and coefficient of variation for most of the characters were remarkably higher than their corresponding environmental variances which also indicate the existence of variation in genotypic origin. Key words: Characterization; Mukhikachu; Variability; Corm; Cormel; Colocasia esculenta. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i2.8191 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(2), 235-242, 2011

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF SHALLOT LEMBAH PALU VARIETY ON DIFFERENT DIRECTION AND FORM OF SEEDBEDS GROWING ON DRY LAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anshar ◽  
Imam Wahyudi ◽  
Bahrudin Bahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
The Village ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Slope Direction

This study aimed to determine the growth and yield of shallot Lembah Palu variety planted on dry land with different direction and form of seedbeds. It have been carried out in January-April 2013 in the village of Guntarano, Tanantovea Sub Districts, District of Donggala, Central Sulawesi. This study used a Spilt Plot Design. The main plot was the seedbed direction (A) consisting of: (A1) = seedbeds in the direction of the slope of the land, and (A2) = seedbeds crossed  the slope direction. Sub-plot was the form of beds (B) comprises of: (B1) = depth seedbeds and (B2) = high seedbeds. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that there were 12 experimental units.  The research found that (i) the direction of the beds as well as its interaction with the form of beds did not significantly affect the growth and yield of shallot ‘Lembah Palu’ on dry land. (ii)   depth seedbeds produces the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf dry weight, total leaf areaper plant, and total dry weight per plant, and the number of tubers per clump and the weight of the harvested dry tuber per hectare was higher than high seedbeds form.

scholarly journals Estimates of Genetic Components for Yield and Related Traits in Cocoyam

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
KK Paul ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Peduncle Length

In the present investigation attempts were made to estimate genetic parameters for yield and its components in 315 genotypes of cocoyam collected from thirteen aroid growing districts. Plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, LAI, Inflorescence length, peduncle length, spathe length, spathe breadth, corm length, corm breadth, cormel number, cormel length, cormel breadth, corm weight, cormel weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, yield per plant were taken in this study. Presence of significant differences together with wide ranges of variation indicates wide range of variability existed among the genotypes of cocoyam. Genotypic variances and coefficient of variation for most of the characters were remarkably higher than their corresponding environmental variances, which also indicate the existence of variation in genotypic level. Plant height, petiole length, leaf length, leaf breadth for cocoyam expressed high heritability with moderate to high genetic advance signalled heritable in nature. High heritability with high genetic advance in percentage of mean was also observed for plant height, petiole length, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13150 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 127-132

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

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