scholarly journals 011 Reflective Mulches and Yellow Sticky Tape Control Whiteflies in Greenhouse Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 442E-442
Author(s):  
Robert P. Rice ◽  
Shelly Baird ◽  
Linzy Gatlin
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Subsequent Trial ◽  
Sticky Tape ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Better Than

Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) are the most serious insect pests of poinsettia. Most growers rely on the use of foliar insecticide applications before bract coloring and an application of a single soil application of imidicloprid (Marathon) subsequently. This research was undertaken to investigate the use of reflective mulches or bench covers, which have been shown to be effective in outdoor applications for control of whitefly in the greenhouse. In an early trial, silver painted pot spacers and silver polyethylene mulch were placed between pots and both nymphs on leaves and adults caught on yellow sticky cards were monitored. Nymph populations were reduced by ≈35% and adults caught on sticky cards increased by ≈40% when compared with the control. In a subsequent trial, reflective bench covers were combined with the use of yellow sticky tape placed above the canopy of the crop and compared with sticky tape alone, reflective mulch alone, and no treatment. The combination of sticky tape and reflective mulch significantly reduced whitefly populations after 6 weeks and performed better than either of the other treatments alone.

scholarly journals 157 Susceptibility of Poinsettia Cultivars to Whiteflies

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 417A-417
Author(s):  
Robert P. Rice ◽  
Michael Crane
Keyword(s):  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leaf Trichome

Twenty-four poinsettia cultivars (Euphorbia pulcherrima) were exposed to a population of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) for 6 weeks. Evaluation was based on the number of immature whitefly present on each of the marked leaves. The poinsettias that produce white bracts were more heavily infested with immature stages of whitefly than those cultivars that produce red bracts, while those that produce pink bracts were intermediate. There was a wide range in degree of whitefly infestation among poinsettia cultivars. Leaf trichome density also explained a portion of the variance in whitefly oviposition rates among several of the cultivars. Cultivars with high trichome densities sustained less whitefly oviposition than did cultivars with low trichome densities. Certain cultivars tested showed an appreciable natural resistance to whitefly (`Freedom Red', `Freedom Bright Red', `Red Velvet', `Cranberry Punch', `Pepride').

scholarly journals Responses of Whitefly and Poinsettias to Insecticidal Controlled Atmospheres

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan S. Han ◽  
Jennifer Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Time Required

Eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult stages of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporarium Westwood) and silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) were exposed to insecticidal controlled atmospheres at 20 °C or 30 °C. Mortality data were calculated for each stage and results demonstrated that reduced-O2 atmospheres (an O2 level of <2 μL·L-1 balance in N2) resulted in faster and higher mortality than elevated-CO2 atmospheres (25% or 50% CO2). Responses, from the least to most tolerant stage was adult < larvae < eggs = pupae, regardless of the species of whitefly and treatment temperature. At 20 °C, treatment time required to kill >90% of adults, larvae, and eggs and pupae was 2, 4, and 8 hours, respectively. Increasing the treatment temperature from 20 to 30 °C reduced the treatment time to one-half that of 20 °C. Treatment time required to achieve complete elimination of the insects also caused phytotoxicity symptoms on poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch), thus, limiting use of insecticidal controlled atmospheres as the sole means for managing whitefly.

Evaluation of Selected Soybean Genotypes for Resistance to Two Whitefly Species (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Greenhouse

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Lambert ◽  
R. M. McPherson ◽  
B. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Plant Injury

Fourteen soybean cultivars and breeding lines in Maturity Groups VII and VIII were monitored for silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, and greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), infestation levels in the greenhouse. Unifoliate leaves became infested with whitefly immatures and eggs 4 wks after planting. LA88-32 and F90-700 had significantly higher total whitefly populations than 11 and eight of the other entries, respectively, at growth stage V7. Whitefly populations were higher 6 wks after planting (growth stage V8–V9) when a unifoliate leaf and trifoliate leaves 1, 2, and 3 were sampled. G89-5180, Perrin, F90-988, G89-5066, N89-1, and N88-91 had significantly lower total numbers of whiteflies than F90-724, F90-700, and LA88-32. At 10 wks after planting (growth stage R2), G89-5180 and N88-91 had the lowest numbers of whiteflies, and total counts were significantly higher for F90-724 on trifoliolates 2, 4, and 6. Leaf damage ratings (% leaf burn) ranged from 1.3% (F90-724) to 74.0% (F90-1054). Sampling ceased after 10 wks because of excessive whitefly-induced plant injury to most soybean entries. This study reflected significant differences in soybean varietal response to whitefly population densities and demonstrated that the greenhouse can be used effectively to screen soybeans for resistance to whiteflies.

scholarly journals Vibrational communication and mating behavior of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Fattoruso ◽  
Gianfranco Anfora ◽  
Valerio Mazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Vibrational Communication ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Behavioral Manipulation ◽  
Vibrational Signals ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Behavioral Transition ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly (GW), Trialeurodes vaporariorum is considered one of the most harmful insect pests in greenhouses worldwide. The GW mating behavior has been partially investigated and its vibrational communication is only in part known. A deeper knowledge of its intraspecific communication is required to evaluate the applicability of control methods based on techniques of behavioral manipulation. In this study, for the first time, we provided a detailed ethogram of the GW mating behavior and we characterized the vibrational signals emitted during the process of pair formation. We characterized two types of male vibrational emissions (“chirp” and “pulses”), differently arranged according to the behavioral stage to form stage-specific signals, and a previously undescribed Male Rivalry Signal. We recorded and characterized two new female signals: The Female Responding Signal and the Female Rejective Signal. The mating behavior of GW can be divided into six different stages that we named “call”, “alternated duet”, “courtship”, “overlapped duet”, “mating”, “failed mating attempt”. The analysis performed with the Markovian behavioral transition matrix showed that the “courtship” is the key stage in which male exhibits its quality and can lead to the “overlapped duet” stage. The latter is strictly associated to the female acceptance and therefore it plays a crucial role to achieve mating success. Based on our findings, we consider the use of vibrational playbacks interfering with GW mating communication a promising option for pest control in greenhouses. We discuss the possibility to start a research program of behavioral manipulation to control the populations of GW.

scholarly journals Chemical and Non-Chemical Solutions for Managing Twospotted Spider Mite, Western Tarnished Plant Bug, and Other Arthropod Pests in Strawberries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra K. Dara ◽  
David Peck ◽  
Dave Murray
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Microbial Pesticides ◽  
Arthropod Pests ◽  
Twospotted Spider

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus are major arthropod pests of strawberries in California. &nbsp;Other important insect pests include the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and the western flower thrips, Frankliella occidentalis. &nbsp;Chemical pesticides play a major role in managing these pests, but not without the associated risk of pesticide resistance and environmental safety.&nbsp; Two field studies were conducted in Santa Maria to evaluate the potential of botanical and microbial pesticides in the integrated pest management (IPM) of strawberry.&nbsp; Chemical, botanical, and microbial pesticides were evaluated against T. urticae in a small plot study in 2013 and against L. hesperus and other insect pests in a large plot study in 2015 in commercial strawberry fields.&nbsp; Bug vacuums were also used in the 2015 study.&nbsp; Results demonstrated that non-chemical alternatives can play an important role in strawberry IPM.

scholarly journals Comparison of Biological and Chemical Control of Greenhouse Whitefly on Poinsettia Stock Plants

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. McMahon ◽  
R.K. Lindquist ◽  
M.L. Casey ◽  
A.C. Witt ◽  
S.H. Kinnamon
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Encarsia Formosa ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Wild Stock ◽  
Control Compartment

A demonstration study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of biological and chemical control treatments on the greenhouse whitefly (GHWF) (Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Westwood) using poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.) stock plants. Two identical greenhouse compartments, each containing 84 stock plants, were used. In the biological control compartment, three biweekly releases of Encarsia formosa (EF) were made, while in the chemical control compartment eight weekly applications of resmethrin or acephate aerosol treatments were made. Results showed that overall greenhouse whitefly populations in the chemical control compartment were slightly lower than in the biological control compartment. Cuttings taken from stock plants in the biological control compartment at the end of the experiment were commercially acceptable with regard to the presence of GHWF adults. Chemical names used: O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate (acephate), [5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl] methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropane-carboxylate (resmethrin).

scholarly journals 549 Imidacloprid Applications for Whitefly Control on Poinsettia Using Ebb-and-flow Systems

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 540E-541
Author(s):  
Marc van Iersel ◽  
Ron Oetting
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Model System ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Flow Systems ◽  
Ebb And Flow

Ebb-and-flow systems can be used to apply systemic pesticides to greenhouse crops without worker exposure or runoff. However, there is little information on the efficacy of pesticides applied with ebb-and-flow systems. We are using silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) control on poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with imidacloprid as a model system to study pesticide efficacy in ebb-and-flow systems. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the amount of insecticide taken up by the pot on the efficacy of whitefly control. Different amounts of imidacloprid uptake were obtained by not watering the plants for 0, 1, 2, or 4 days before the imidacloprid application. The imidacloprid (132 g·L–1) was applied once when the roots of the cuttings had reached the side of the pots. These treatments were compared to an untreated control on ebb-and-flow and a standard drench application (100 mL) to hand-watered plants. Pots in the different subirrigation treatments absorbed 12 to 175 mL of imidacloprid solution. Four days after the application, leaf tissue of the hand-watered plants contained 8 to 20 times more imidacloprid than the subirrigated plants. Efficacy was determined from the percentage of surviving mature whiteflies after 2 days on the plants and by counting the number of immatures after 2 weeks. Surprisingly, imidacloprid efficacy was better in the subirrigated imidacloprid treatments than in the hand-watered treatment. Whitefly control in all subirrigated imidacloprid treatments was excellent, irrespective of the amount of imidacloprid solution taken up by the pots.

Temperature and Diel Catches of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Adults on Sticky Traps in the Greenhouse

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong-Xian Liu ◽  
Ronald D. Oetting ◽  
G. David Buntin
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Sweetpotato Whitefly ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Sticky Traps

Patterns of diel flight activity of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), were investigated on poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd., and gerbera daisy, Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus, under greenhouse and environmentally controlled conditions. Adult flight activity was monitored at 2-h intervals (from 0700 to 2100 h EST) at various heights using yellow sticky traps. Traps placed 5 cm above the top of the plant canopy caught more adults of both species than traps placed higher. The daily patterns of catches of T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci adults in the greenhouse were similar and were unimodal with peak catches occurring between 0900–1300 h. Numbers of adults caught on the sticky traps in the greenhouse were correlated with temperature and relative humidity for T. vaporariorum, but not for B. tabaci. Few adults were caught during the dark hours (from 2100 to 0700 h). Under constant temperatures of 20°, 25°, and 30°C, the flight activity patterns of both whitefly species were unimodal, with peak catches of T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci occurring in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Differences in temperature did not significantly alter the pattern of catches of adults on sticky traps. The lowest temperature for initiation of whitefly flight was 16–17°C for T. vaporariorum, and 17–18°C for B. tabaci.

scholarly journals A New Method of Applying Imidacloprid to Potted Plants for Controlling Aphids and Whiteflies

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio C. Pasian ◽  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
Richard K. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
New Method ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Silverleaf Whitefly ◽  
Bemisia Argentifolii ◽  
Product Label ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Application Methods

The effectiveness of two application methods of the insecticide imidacloprid in controlling 1) melon aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) on `Nob Hill' chrysanthemum (Dendranthema ×grandiflora Ramat) plants and 2) silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) on `Freedom Red' poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.) were compared. Plants were grown in containers with their interior covered by a mixture of flat latex paint plus several concentrations of imidacloprid (0, 10, 21, 42, and 88 mg·L−1), or treated with a granular application of the insecticide (1% a.i.) according to label recommendations. All imidacloprid treatments effectively reduced aphid survival for at least 8 weeks. The two most effective treatments were the granular application (10 mg a.i.) and the 88-mg·L−1 treatment (0.26 mg a.i). All imidacloprid treatments effectively reduced whitefly nymph survival. The 42- and 88-mg·L−1 treatment and the granular application (1% a.i.) were equally effective in reducing nymph numbers in lower poinsettia leaves. None of the plants given treatments with paint exhibited any phytotoxicity symptoms. These results suggest the possibility of a new application method for systemic chemicals with the potential of reducing the release of chemicals to the environment. Paint and imidacloprid mixes are not described in any product label and cannot be legally used by growers. Chemical name used: 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyrimidil)-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine (imidacloprid)

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