scholarly journals Sweetpotato Cultivar Trials on Hawai‘i Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-975
Author(s):  
Susan C. Miyasaka ◽  
Marisa Wall ◽  
Don LaBonte ◽  
Alton Arakaki
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Sweetpotato Weevil ◽  
Β Carotene

Twelve sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas var. batatas) accessions/cultivars/landraces (entries) were evaluated for yield, resistance to pests, and quality in five field trials planted at Pepe`ekeo, Hawai‘i Island, and replicated over time with blocks planted on May and Oct. 2014, Feb. and July 2015, and Jan. 2016. Plots were harvested at 4.5 to 6 months after planting. In the first two field trials, local entries planted were ‘Okinawan’, ‘Mokuau’, and ‘Kona B’, as well as PI 531094, ‘Beauregard’, PI 573309, PI 573330, ‘Darby’, ‘Pelican Processor’, and ‘Picadito’. Yields of ‘Mokuau’ and ‘Kona B’ were low and were replaced in the latter three field trials with ‘Murasaki-29’ and ‘LA 08-21p’ from Louisiana State University (LSU) AgCenter, Baton Rouge. At harvest, storage roots were graded according to State of Hawai‘i standards and marketable yields included grades AA, A, and B. Then, injuries of storage roots due to infestations of sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) in each category were estimated. Finally, sugar concentrations, anthocyanins, and β-carotene contents were measured in storage roots. Marketable fresh weight yields of entries differed significantly, with ‘LA 08-21p’ having the greatest marketable yield. However, ‘LA 08-21p’ also had the greatest incidence of damage due to sweetpotato weevil, perhaps because of its growth habit as a tight cluster of storage roots located close to the soil surface. Entries also had significantly different sugar concentrations (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and total sugars). Concentrations of sucrose ranged from 25 to 68 mg·g−1 fresh weight and were greater than those of monosaccharides analyzed. ‘Beauregard’ had the highest sucrose concentration and total sugars. Purple-fleshed cultivars Okinawan and LA 08-21p contained total monomeric anthocyanins that ranged from 34 to 37 mg/100 g dry weight. Orange-fleshed cultivars Beauregard and Darby contained β-carotene that ranged from 5485 to 8302 µg/100 g fresh weight. These results provide yields of storage roots, susceptibility to sweetpotato weevils, and amounts of antioxidants in purple- and orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars to growers interested in producing new sweetpotato cultivars.

scholarly journals Field Performance of Tissue-cultured, Virus-tested ‘Okinawan’ Sweetpotato and Comparison with Some Promising Cultivars in Hawai’i

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-683
Author(s):  
Susan C. Miyasaka ◽  
Sharon Motomura-Wages ◽  
Ishakh Pulakkatu-Thodi ◽  
Michael J. Melzer ◽  
Christopher A. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
State University ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Sweetpotato Weevil ◽  
Louisiana State University ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Planting Materials

Tissue-cultured, virus-tested (TC) plantlets of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas var. batatas) cultivars Okinawan, LA 08-21p, and Murasaki-29 were obtained from Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. The objectives of field trials conducted at the Kula Agricultural Park, Maui, HI, were to compare yield and pest resistance of 1) ‘Okinawan’ obtained from a commercial (C) field with TC ‘Okinawan’ and 2) TC Okinawan with the aforementioned TC cultivars. Trials were planted Oct. 2015 and Aug. 2016 and harvested 5 months later. Storage roots were graded according to State of Hawai’i standards, and marketable yields included Grades AA, A, and B. In addition, injuries due to sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) or rough sweetpotato weevil (Blosyrus asellus) were estimated. In both trials, fresh and dry weights of marketable storage roots of TC ‘Okinawan’ were nearly twice those from commercial planting material. In both trials, marketable fresh weights differed among the three TC cultivars; however, significant interactions were found, indicating that yields of cultivars differed between years. In the first field trial, ‘LA 08-21p’ had fresh marketable yields 1.6 to 1.7 times greater than TC ‘Okinawan’ and Murasaki-29, respectively. In the second trial, fresh marketable yields of TC ‘Okinawan’ and ‘LA 08-21p’were similar and 1.7 to 1.5 times greater than that of ‘Murasaki-29’, respectively. In both trials, ‘LA 08-21p’ had greater sweetpotato weevil injury than did the other two cultivars. Interestingly, in the second year, TC ‘Okinawan’ had greater rough sweetpotato weevil injury than did the other cultivars. Our results indicate that tissue-cultured planting materials increased marketable yields of TC ‘Okinawan’ compared with C ‘Okinawan’ sweetpotato and that the other TC cultivars did not produce greater yields than TC Okinawan.

scholarly journals Surface Chemical Differences Between Sweetpotato Lines with Varying Levels of Resistance to the Sweetpotato Weevil

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Cheol Son ◽  
Ray F. Severson ◽  
Richard F. Arrendale ◽  
Stanley J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Sweetpotato Weevil ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Fused Silica Capillary ◽  
Silica Capillary Column

Methodology was developed for the extraction of surface components of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] storage roots. Surface components of storage roots were quantitatively extracted with methylene chloride using 8-minute ultrasonication. After removal of the solvent, the extract was treated with 3 Tri Sil-Z:1 trimethylsilylimidazol (v/v) to convert components with hydroxyl moieties to silyl ethers and then separated on a SE-54 fused silica capillary column. Distinctly different gas chromatography profiles were found between lines displaying moderate levels of resistance (`Resisto', `Regal', `Jewel') to the sweetpotato weevil [Cylas formicarius elgantulus (summers)] and weevil-susceptible lines (`Centennial', SC 1149-19, W-115), indicating a possible role of surface components in insect response. Chromatographic fractionation techniques were developed for separation of major components or groups of components. The results will allow subsequent bioassaying for the presence of an ovipositional stimulant(s) and other weevil behavior-modulating compounds and their chemical characterization.

scholarly journals Performance of Sweetpotato Varieties Grown Using Black Plastic Mulch in Pennsylvania

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
Luis O. Duque
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Rock Springs

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) production in Pennsylvania and the northeastern United States has been increasing steadily. The performance of eight commercially available sweetpotato varieties and two unreleased accessions grown on raised beds and covered with black plastic mulch in Pennsylvania was evaluated. All varieties and accessions were evaluated in 2 successive years (2018 and 2019) at Rock Springs, PA. There were statistically significant differences in total marketable yield (TMY), but not in all yield components in both years. ‘Orleans’, ‘Beauregard’, ‘Averre’, and ‘Covington’ consistently produced high marketable yields and suitable U.S No.1 grade storage roots. ‘Bonita’ (tan skin/white flesh) and ‘Carolina Ruby’ [red skin/orange flesh (OF)] produced consistent yields in both years (range, 330–430 bushels/acre; 50-lb bushel). NC413 [purple skin (PS)/purple flesh (PF)] produced the lowest yield in 2018 and was discarded for future trials. In 2019, NCP13-0030 (PS/PF) produced good yields and shapes comparable to OF varieties. Overall total yields (TYs) measured in this study compared satisfactorily with average nationwide yields, with several varieties producing more than 500 bushels/acre.

scholarly journals Conservation Tillage of Sweetpotato

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 605F-606
Author(s):  
Lewis W. Jett ◽  
Timothy P. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Crop Species

A cultural practice that can modify and conserve the soil environment is needed in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] production. The objective of this research was to evaluate conventional and conservation tillage of sweetpotato with four cover crop species (fallow, ryegrass, rye, and wheat). The cover crops were seeded in late Oct. 1995, and the sweetpotato transplants (`Beauregard') were transplanted at two dates the following spring (May and June). Conservation tillage significantly lowered soil temperature (10 cm depth) during storage root initiation and development. Moreover, each cover crop significantly reduced weed emergence and soil erosion. The ryegrass conservation tillage treatment significantly increased marketable yield of sweetpotato in the first planting date, while rye and wheat performed equally well in the second planting date. In the second planting date, white grub (Phyllophaga ephilida Say) injury to storage roots was significantly higher in the conservation tillage treatments. However, conservation tillage seems to be a viable alternative to the conventional method of sweetpotato production.

scholarly journals Root Carbohydrate, Organic Acids, and Phenolic Chemistry in Relation to Sweetpotato Weevil Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Cheol Son ◽  
Ray F. Severson ◽  
Maurice E. Snook ◽  
Stanley J. Kays
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Sweetpotato Weevil ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Methanol extracts of external (outer 3 mm) and interior root tissue of four sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivars (`Centennial', `Jewel', `Regal', and `Resisto') having different levels of susceptibility to the sweetpotato weevil [Cylas formicarius elegantulus Summer] were analyzed for simple carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, sucrose, inositol) and organic acids (malic, citric, quinic) by gas chromatography and for phenolics (caffeic acid, caffeoylquinic acids, rutin) by high-performance liquid chromatography. There were significant differences among cultivars in the concentrations of total sugars and phenolics in the external tissue (P < 0.05). In addition, the distribution of carbohydrates, organic acids, and chlorogenic acid [3-O-caffeoylquinic acid] differed between external and interior tissues. Sucrose was the major water-soluble carbohydrate in all cultivars. With the exception of malic acid, the concentration of carbohydrates, organic acids, and phenolics did not correlate with cultivar susceptibility to the sweetpotato weevil.

scholarly journals Sweetpotato `Beauregard' Mericlones Vary in Yield, Vine Characteristics, and Storage Root Size and Shape Attributes

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Q. Villordon ◽  
J.M. Cannon ◽  
H.L. Carroll ◽  
J.W. Franklin ◽  
C.A. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Foundation Seed ◽  
Axis Length ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of

Yield tests and evaluation of selected storage root and vine characters were conducted among 12 `Beauregard' sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] mericlones. Maximum yield differences were 43%, 48%, 79%, and 40% for U.S. #1, canners, jumbos, and total marketable yield, respectively. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot analysis was useful in graphically presenting the yield differences and stability patterns of mericlones. Differences were also detected in vine length, internode diameter, and internode length. Digital image analysis of U.S. #1 storage roots also revealed differences in storage root minor axis length, roundness, and elongation attributes. The results provide valuable information for enhancing current methods of evaluation and selection of mericlones for inclusion in sweetpotato foundation seed programs.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Genes between Storage Roots of Sweetpotato Cultivars Jewel and White Jewel

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia E. McGregor ◽  
Don R. LaBonte
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Β Carotene

`White Jewel' is a yellow-and-orange fleshed spontaneous mutant of the orange-flesh sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivar Jewel. Mutations in storage root flesh color, and other traits are common in sweetpotato. The orange flesh color of sweetpotato is due to β-carotene stored in chromoplasts of root cells. β-carotene is important because of its role in human health. In an effort to elucidate biosynthesis and storage of β-carotene in sweetpotato roots, microarray analysis was used to investigate genes differentially expressed between `White Jewel' and `Jewel' storage roots. β-carotene content calculated from a* color values of `Jewel' and `White Jewel' were 20.66 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) and 1.68 mg/100 g FW, respectively. Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPI) was down-regulated in `White Jewel', but farnesyl-diphosphate synthase (FPPS), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPS), and lycopene β-cyclase (LCY-b) were not differentially expressed. Several genes associated with chloroplasts were differentially expressed, indicating probable differences in chromoplast development of `White Jewel' and `Jewel'. Sucrose Synthase was down-regulated in `White Jewel' and fructose and glucose levels in `White Jewel' were lower than in `Jewel' while sucrose levels were higher in `White Jewel'. No differences were observed between dry weight or alcohol insoluble solids of the two cultivars. This study represents the first effort to elucidate β-carotene synthesis and storage in sweetpotato through large-scale gene expression analysis.

Banded Cucumber Beetle (Diabrotica balteata LeC.) Injury during Sweetpotato Development

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 475e-475
Author(s):  
Lewis W. Jett ◽  
Rick N. Story ◽  
Abner M. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Diabrotica Balteata ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Banded Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Cucumber Beetle ◽  
Significant Injury

Banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata LeC.) larvae can cause significant injury to the sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] by boring small holes in the storage root. Often, these holes expand with development to produce crater-like scars. The objective of this research was to characterize the effects of Diabrotica injury to storage roots by simulating the injury through development. Deep (i.e., penetrating the vascular cambium) and shallow (i.e., not penetrating the vascular cambium) injuries were inflicted at 10-day intervals on `Beauregard' sweetpotato commencing 35 days after transplanting (DAT) through 85 DAT in 1996 and 1997. Visual evaluation indicated significant healing of deep injury through 55 DAT, with the diagnostic cratered appearance more prevalent on storage roots injured at 35 and 45 DAT. Moreover, deep injury in early development (35, 45 DAT) significantly expanded in diameter and depth, reducing marketable yield. Significant healing of shallow injury was observed through 75 DAT. The results of this research can be used by growers and researchers to assess the stage of development in which Diabrotica injury occurred.

scholarly journals Reduced Emergence of Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Sweet Potato Roots by Heterorhabditis indica

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1129-1133
Author(s):  
Roxana Y Myers ◽  
Charmaine D Sylva ◽  
Cathy L Mello ◽  
Kirsten A Snook
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Cylas Formicarius ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
Cylas Formicarius Elegantulus ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Abstract Okinawan sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, is an important food staple and export crop for the Island of Hawaii. Cylas formicarius elegantulus, sweet potato weevil, is a major quarantine pest that causes severe destruction to the crop. Root malformation and a bitter taste occur when larvae feed and tunnel within the storage root. Off-grade roots are often left in the field after harvest and serve as a reservoir for the weevils. Current management involves the unsustainable practice of moving to virgin land for the next cropping cycle. Strains of Heterorhabditis indica isolated from the Hawaiian Islands were tested for their efficacy at causing mortality of C. formicarius and reducing the emergence of adults from infested roots. In well plate assays, H. indica caused mortality of 88% larvae, 96% pupae, and 4% adults after 48 h. When applied to infested roots, the nematodes caused an average mortality of 78% larvae, 66% pupae, and 32% adults. Greater mortality was observed at the highest inoculum levels (10,000 infective juveniles per storage tuber) but a reduction of 90% inoculum density was still effective at weevil management. In simulated field trials, infestation of storage roots was reduced by 42–99.6% when planted among infested roots that had been inoculated with H. indica. Rates of 2.5 billion IJs/hectare were just as effective as 5 billion IJs/hectare. Application of local H. indica strains in sweet potato production has the potential to manage C. formicarius populations and allow for consecutive cropping seasons.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate-Related Changes in Sweetpotato Storage Roots during Development

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don R. La Bonte ◽  
David H. Picha ◽  
Hester A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Storage Root Development ◽  
The Relationship

The quantity and pattern of carbohydrate-related changes during storage root development differed among six sweetpotato cultivars [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir. `Beauregard', `Heart-o-Gold', `Jewel', `Rojo Blanco', `Travis', and `White Star']. Measurements were taken for individual sugars, total sugars, alcohol-insoluble solids (AIS, crude starch), and dry weight (DW) at 2-week intervals from 7 to 19 weeks after transplanting (WAT) in two separate years. Sucrose was the major sugar during all stages of development, representing at least 68% of total sugars across all cultivars and dates. Pairwise comparisons showed `Heart-o-Gold' had the highest sucrose content among the cultivars. Sucrose content increased by 56% for `Heart-o-Gold' over the 12 weeks of assay, ranking first among the cultivars at 17 and 19 WAT and possessing 27% more sucrose than the next highest ranking cultivar, `Jewel', at 19 WAT. Fructose content profiles varied among and within cultivars. `Beauregard' showed a consistent increase in fructose throughout development while `Whitestar' showed a consistent decrease. The other cultivars were inconsistent in their fructose content profiles. Glucose content profiles were similar to those for fructose changes during development. The relationship between monosaccharides was fructose = 0.7207 × glucose + 0.0241. Cultivars with the highest fructose and glucose content could be selected by breeders after 13 WAT. Early clonal selection for high sucrose and total sugars is less promising because substantive changes in clonal rank occurred for sucrose and total sugars after 15 WAT. Cultivars ranking the highest in total sugars had either more monosaccharides to compensate for a lower sucrose content or more sucrose to compensate for a lower monosaccharide content. The relationship between DW and AIS was similar (AIS = 0.00089 × DW), and DW and AIS increased with time for most cultivars. Cultivars with high DW and AIS can be selected early during storage root development.

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