The Effect of Tightening Accounting Standards on the Quality of the Reported Earnings and the Level of Earnings Management

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Ying Luo
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Reported Earnings

The impact of the global economic crisis of 2008 on earnings quality in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-421
Author(s):  
Jose Miranda-Lopez ◽  
Ivan Valdovinos-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Income Smoothing ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Economic Crisis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the earnings quality of companies listed on Mexico’s primary stock market, the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (Bolsa) before and during the global economic crisis of 2008. Previous research has shown that these economic events can have potentially conflicting effects on the quality of earnings of listed companies in capital markets around the world. Design/methodology/approach This paper operationalizes earnings quality based on earnings management. Therefore, four constructs to proxy for earnings quality are developed from previous literature, and multiple regression analysis along with tests of differences across two time periods, 2005–2007 and 2008–2010, are used to determine if there is a significant change in the accounting quality of companies listed on the Bolsa before and after the start of the global economic crisis. Findings Results indicate a statistically significant decrease of earnings quality on three out of the four constructs used to proxy for earnings management. There is only one construct in this category that shows a significant increase of earnings quality. Research limitations/implications There are different number of constructs and methodologies used to test for earnings quality. This study draws on four different constructs on two dimensions of earnings quality from previous literature, but other methodologies and constructs can potentially be used as well, such as discretionary accruals. Furthermore, there is a chance that there can be confounding factors affecting the results of this study besides the effects of the global economic crisis. Finally, the sample used in this study comprises non-financial public companies listed on the Bolsa, which can affect the generalization of the results to countries other than Mexico. Practical implications The results of this study can be of interest to Mexican and foreign investors, standard setters and regulators of the Bolsa, as the results show a strong incentive to manage companies’ earnings using income smoothing in an emerging economy during an economic crisis even after converging to a higher-quality set of accounting standards. Results can also be of interests to investors and regulators in other Latin-American countries with economies similar to that of Mexico. Originality/value This is the first study to test the quality of earnings of Mexican companies before and during the global economic crisis of 2008. Thus, this study contributes to the accounting quality literature by offering evidence showing a significant increase of income smoothing during the global economic crisis for companies listed in a developing economy with a relevant history of economic crises, even when these companies were using recently converged, higher-quality accounting standards.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING STANDARDS FOR FIXED ASSETS OF U.S. GAAP AND IFRS: COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1SP) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Andreas Vernando
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Faithful Representation ◽  
Fixed Asset ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Value Measurement

FASB and IASB have differences in setting the accounting standard for fixed asset. The FASB does not allow firms to restore the asset value that has been written down, while the IASB allow companies to recover the asset values that has been written down. These differences have distinct implication to depict the COVID-19 pandemic phenomenon and prevent earnings management that will affect the qualitative characteristics of the faithful representation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the fixed asset accounting standards of U.S. GAAP or IFRS which is more optimal to improve the faithful representation in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic and earnings management. Based on an analysis of the theory and literature review, this study conclude that the fixed assets accounting standard of IFRS is more optimal to represent the COVID-19 pandemic faithfully than that of U.S. GAAP. This is because IFRS allows for recovery of impairment losses. In addition, the fixed asset accounting standard of U.S. GAAP is more optimal than that of IFRS for preventing earnings management so as to improve the quality of faithful representation of the fixed asset value. This is because the fair value measurement for fixed assets involves estimation and subjectivity of the asset appraiser enhancing the possibility of earnings management.

Effect of eliminating mandatory reconciliation requirements for foreign issuers in the U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-291
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kumar ◽  
Jagjit S. Saini
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Accrual Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Reported Earnings ◽  
Book Values

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of choice of accounting standards on the value relevance and accrual quality of reported earnings and book values under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) versus US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Design/methodology/approach The authors examine the effect of choice of accounting standards on the value relevance and accrual quality of reported earnings and book values under IFRS versus US GAAP using 404 firms from 37 countries listed in the USA. They use the modified Jones (1991) model to measure accruals. Findings The authors find that value relevance of the book value of equity is increasing (significantly) when the sample firms use IFRS to prepare their financial statements. They also find some evidence in support of the mediating effect of the choice of accounting standards on the accrual quality of the sample firms. The results of this paper indicate that sample firms with lower accrual quality (larger discretionary accruals) experience higher returns during the fiscal year. However, the authors also find that the positive association between size of discretionary accruals and returns is decreasing in the use of IFRS by the sample firms. Originality/value This paper adds to prior literature on the harmonization of accounting standards and emphasizes the role of accounting standards in the quality of financial reporting. By using the financial data of all foreign registrants listed in the USA, the authors are able to provide deeper and more representative evidence.

Board Quality and Earnings Management: Evidence from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1302-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchal Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Management Behaviour ◽  
Foreign Institutional Investors ◽  
Independence Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Reported Earnings

This article examines whether board qualities influence the earnings management behaviour of firms in a large emerging market set-up by using panel data of 783 Indian private manufacturing firms over a period of 7 years (April 2009–March 2016). The study finds that it is board quality that helps in curbing earnings manipulation and not just board independence. Results reveal that diligent and busy boards help in reducing earnings management, CEO duality affects the quality of reported earnings and promoters’ influence on boards increases earnings management. Domestic or foreign institutional investors do not have any independent impact on earnings management. However, domestic institutional ownership reduces earnings management when promoters’ influence exists. The article contributes to the literature by focusing on whether corporate governance (CG) mechanisms are important in curbing earnings management in an emerging market context. The findings are expected to be helpful to policymakers and regulators while framing appropriate CG policies and regulations.

scholarly journals Impact of Macro and Micro Governance Structures on Earnings Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Muhammad Nurul Houqe
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Reported Earnings ◽  
Macro Variables

<p><b>This study examines the macro and micro level determinants of the quality of reported earnings. The prior literature suggests that both micro and macro variables impact on discretionary accruals choice in managing earnings. However, most of the studies on earnings management have been single country studies that have focussed only on micro variables as all firms within the samples examined have been subject to the same interplay of macro economic, legal, cultural and institutional frameworks. This study addresses this gap in the literature by using a sample of 156,906 firm year observations from 63 countries over the period 1998-2007 to examine the role of thirteen micro and macro variables in determining earnings quality.</b></p> <p>The macro variables studied include legal enforcement, political system, and control of corruption, culture and adoption of IFRS. Earnings management is estimated using the modified Jones model (Dechow et al. 1995) in a cross section (DeFond and Jiambalvo 1994; Francis et al. 1998).</p> <p>The results of the study indicate that macro and micro level variables have a strong impact on earnings management behaviour and thus earnings quality. The limits imposed by a country's legal, cultural and institutional setting on managerial discretionary accruals choices, strongly impact the quality of reported earnings. Future research on earnings management should therefore control both micro and macro level variables.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Macro and Micro Governance Structures on Earnings Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Muhammad Nurul Houqe
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Reported Earnings ◽  
Macro Variables

<p>This study examines the macro and micro level determinants of the quality of reported earnings. The prior literature suggests that both micro and macro variables impact on discretionary accruals choice in managing earnings. However, most of the studies on earnings management have been single country studies that have focussed only on micro variables as all firms within the samples examined have been subject to the same interplay of macro economic, legal, cultural and institutional frameworks. This study addresses this gap in the literature by using a sample of 156,906 firm year observations from 63 countries over the period 1998-2007 to examine the role of thirteen micro and macro variables in determining earnings quality. The macro variables studied include legal enforcement, political system, and control of corruption, culture and adoption of IFRS. Earnings management is estimated using the modified Jones model (Dechow et al. 1995) in a cross section (DeFond and Jiambalvo 1994; Francis et al. 1998). The results of the study indicate that macro and micro level variables have a strong impact on earnings management behaviour and thus earnings quality. The limits imposed by a country's legal, cultural and institutional setting on managerial discretionary accruals choices, strongly impact the quality of reported earnings. Future research on earnings management should therefore control both micro and macro level variables.</p>

scholarly journals APAKAH MANAJEMEN LABA TERMASUK KECURANGAN ? : ANALISIS LITERATUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deddy Kurniawansyah
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Reported Earnings

Many maintain that earnings management is harmful. This literature study explains and describe the issue from the outside perspective of earnings management. This research method used qualitative with literature study. The results of this study are Earnings management is not a fraud. Fraud is an “act ofcriminal deception” or a “deceitfulbehavior which may be punished by law”. Earnings management is within legitimate constraints, implying that the deviation of reported earnings from underlying or economic earnings due to earnings management is legitimate or authorized by accounting standards and corporate laws.The results of this study contribute as add to the treasury of financial accounting literature, especially accounting theory. The results of this research have important implication for regulators and lawmakers. Regulators tend to regardearnings management as harmful and in the need ofimmediate remedial action. . 

scholarly journals APAKAH MANAJEMEN LABA TERMASUK KECURANGAN ? : ANALISIS LITERATUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deddy Kurniawansyah
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Reported Earnings

Many maintain that earnings management is harmful. This literature study explains and describe the issue from the outside perspective of earnings management. This research  method  used  qualitative  with  literature  study. The  results  of  this  study  are Earnings management is not a fraud. Fraud is an “act of criminal deception” or a “deceitful  behavior  which  may  be  punished  by  law”.  Earnings  management  is within legitimate constraints, implying that the deviation of reported earnings from underlying  or  economic  earnings  due  to  earnings  management  is  legitimate  or authorized by accounting standards  and corporate laws.  The results of this study contribute  as  add  to  the  treasury  of  financial  accounting  literature,  especially accounting  theory.  The  results  of  this  research  have  important  implication  for regulators  and  lawmakers.  Regulators  tend  to  regard  earnings  management  as harmful and in the need of immediate remedial action.

scholarly journals Antitrust Merger Investigations And The Quality Of Reported Earnings

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Makar ◽  
Perviaz Alam ◽  
Michael A. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Merger Policy ◽  
Reported Earnings

<span>Antitrust merger policy under Section 7 of the Clayton Act prohibits acquisitions that substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly. Previous studies, however, indicate that government regulators have not been effective in identifying anticompetitive behavior. This paper examines whether accounting information used in assessing the competitive impact of mergers is subject to manipulation by investigated firms. We examine both total accruals and current accruals for manipulation and consider the implications of such earnings management for the quality of reported earnings. The results indicate that firms investigated for Section 7 violations during the 1974-1992 period do indeed manage reported earnings to influence regulatory efforts in discerning excess profits and anticompetitive behavior.</span>

scholarly journals Impact of Macro and Micro Governance Structures on Earnings Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Muhammad Nurul Houqe
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Reported Earnings ◽  
Macro Variables

<p>This study examines the macro and micro level determinants of the quality of reported earnings. The prior literature suggests that both micro and macro variables impact on discretionary accruals choice in managing earnings. However, most of the studies on earnings management have been single country studies that have focussed only on micro variables as all firms within the samples examined have been subject to the same interplay of macro economic, legal, cultural and institutional frameworks. This study addresses this gap in the literature by using a sample of 156,906 firm year observations from 63 countries over the period 1998-2007 to examine the role of thirteen micro and macro variables in determining earnings quality. The macro variables studied include legal enforcement, political system, and control of corruption, culture and adoption of IFRS. Earnings management is estimated using the modified Jones model (Dechow et al. 1995) in a cross section (DeFond and Jiambalvo 1994; Francis et al. 1998). The results of the study indicate that macro and micro level variables have a strong impact on earnings management behaviour and thus earnings quality. The limits imposed by a country's legal, cultural and institutional setting on managerial discretionary accruals choices, strongly impact the quality of reported earnings. Future research on earnings management should therefore control both micro and macro level variables.</p>

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