The Use of Neorautanenia Mitis (A.Rich.) Verdc. And Neem (Azadirachta Indica a Juss.) Contribute to Pest Suppression and Improved Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) Yield in Central Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrington Nyirenda ◽  
Sydney Mabuka ◽  
Matthews Kafunda ◽  
Alice Kafunda
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pest Suppression

scholarly journals Identificação de potenciais plantas hospedeiras alternativas de Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-598
Author(s):  
Morgana Mateus Santos ◽  
Ana Rosa Peixoto ◽  
Esmailly de Sousa Pessoa ◽  
Marco Aurélio Gama ◽  
Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar possíveis hospedeiras alternativas de Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv), visando a fornecer subsídios para o manejo do cancro bacteriano da videira. Vinte e seis espécies vegetais foram inoculadas artificialmente com o isolado Xcv3 e mantidas em condições de casa de vegetação, sendo avaliada a evolução sintomatológica da doença, como manchas necróticas angulares e lesões nas nervuras. O Xcv3 foi reisolado a partir de cada hospedeiro alternativo com sintomas, sendo identificado por PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), com iniciadores específicos. As espécies inoculadas que apresentaram os sintomas típicos da doença foram Glycine sp., Senna obtusifolia, Desmodium discolor, Amaranthus deflexus, Azadirachta indica, Solanum lycopersicum e Vigna unguiculata. As espécies da família Poaceae, Bidens pilosa, Emilia fosbergii, Praxelis pauciflora, Macroptilium lathyroides e Portulaca oleracea não apresentaram sintomas durante o período da avaliação.

scholarly journals Preservation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp)Grainsagainst Cowpea Bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus) Using Neem and Moringa Seed Oils

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana O. Ilesanmi ◽  
Daniel T. Gungula
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Control Samples

This study was conducted to determine the effects of neem (Azadirachta indicaA. Juss) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed oils on the storability of cowpea grain. Cowpea samples were treated with various concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL/200 g cowpea) of pure neem and moringa oils and their mixtures in ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The treated cowpea samples were stored for 180 days. Data were collected every 30 days on number of eggs laid, total weevil population, and percentage of uninfested grains and analysed statistically. Significantly different means were compared using LSD at . Increasing oil concentration resulted in better cowpea protection, for example, in oviposition where the control had 6513 eggs, only 8 eggs were recorded in pure neem oil-treated sample at 0.5 mL/200 g. Generally, better results were obtained with higher oil concentrations either in their pure forms or mixtures. The control had a total weevil population of 4988, while most treated samples had none. The control samples had 0% uninfested grains, while 73–94% of uninfested grains were observed in treated samples after 6 months of storage. Therefore, mixture of the oils at 1.5 mL/200 g can be effectively used to store cowpea.

scholarly journals Incidência de fungos e germinação de sementes de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp) tratadas com óleo de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Silva ◽  
C.C. Santos ◽  
D.P Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito do óleo de nim no controle de fungos associados às sementes de feijão caupi e a influência deste produto na germinação de três cultivares (Serrinha, BR 17, e Maranhão). Foram preparadas diluições de 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 g dm 3-do óleo de nim em água destilada e testemunha, só com água. Os fungos foram identificados pelo método do papel de filtro e a germinação das sementes foi avaliada considerando as informações das Regras para Análise de Sementes. Foram utilizadas sementes de três cultivares de feijão-caupi: a cultivar Serrinha, proveniente da cidade de Timon-MA, a cultivar Maranhão, da cidade de Viana - MA, e a cultivar BR 17, obtida junto à Embrapa Meio Norte, na cidade de Teresina-PI. O crescimento de Fusarium sp. nas cultivares Maranhão e Serrinha foi reduzido em 52 e 53%, respectivamente e o índice de redução de Aspergillus sp. foi de 14 e 20% nas mesmas cultivares. Em relação aos fungos M. phaseolina e Phoma sp., observa-se que não foram inibidos em nenhuma das três cultivares. No que se refere à germinação das sementes nota-se que na cultivar Maranhão houve aumento no índice da germinação de 13 e 17,5% em relação à testemunha e, na cultivar Serrinha, somente a concentração 0,5% diferiu da testemunha com redução no índice de germinação de 6,49%. Conclui-se que o óleo de nim reduz a incidência de Fusarium sp. e Aspergillus sp. e é indiferente na redução de M. phaseolina e Phoma sp. O índice de germinação aumentou na cultivar Maranhão e diminuiu na cultivar Serrinha.

scholarly journals INTENSIDAD DE PLAGAS Y SUS ENEMIGOS NATURALES EN UNA ASOCIACIÓN DE MAÍZ Y FRÍJOL FERTILIZADOS CON DIFERENTES FORMAS DE LODO DE ALCANTARILLADO

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375
Author(s):  
G.L.D Leite ◽  
F.W.S. Silva ◽  
C.S. Ferreira ◽  
R.E.M. Guañabens ◽  
J.A. Lazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Ipomoea Carnea

RESUMEN Se evaluó la intensidad del ataque de plagas y enemigos naturales en una asociación de maíz (Zea maiz) y fríjol caupí (Vigna unguiculata), así como la incidencia de plagas en granos almacenados de los respectivos cultivos. Los tratamientos consistieron en: Suelo sin fertilización, Encalado y fertilización química, Lodo no higienizado, Lodo higienizado con extracto de neem (Azadirachta indica), Lodo tratado con cal virgen, Compuesto orgánico de lodo y Ipomoea carnea, Compuesto orgánico de lodo y I. carnea + fosfato natural al inicio del compostaje, Lodo no higienizado + fosfato natural en el campo, Lodo higienizado con neem + fosfato natural en el campo, Lodo tratado con cal virgen + fosfato natural en el campo, Compuesto orgánico de lodo y I. carnea + fosfato natural en el campo. Se realizaron observaciones semanales de plagas y enemigos naturales y los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis de varianza y la prueba de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidad. El suelo que recibió lodo de alcantarillado tratado con neem fue el que presentó el menor ataque de plagas. Otro tratamiento poco atacado por plagas fue el que recibió lodo de alcantarillado seco higienizado con extracto de neem + aplicación en el campo de fosfato natural reactivo. Por lo tanto, esos dos tratamientos son los recomendados para los productores.

Traditional, Pharmacological and Patenting Potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica): A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Mohd Asif Khan ◽  
Shashi Bhooshan Tiwari ◽  
Himanshu Gupta ◽  
Huma Noor
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Neem Tree ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Since ancient time, herbal drugs were highly used in the prevention and cure of various human illnesses. In India, Azadirachta indica being commonly known as Neem or Margosa is one of the multi-functional trees; belonging to Meliaceae family. In 1992, the US National Academy of Sciences was published a report entitled ‘Neem- a tree for solving global problems’. It is still considered as ‘village dispensary’ throughout the India. There are two species of Azadirachta which have been investigated; Azadirachta indica that is found in the Indian subcontinent and Azadirachta excelsa Kack that is homegrown to Indonesia and Philippines. A large number of pharmacologically active substances have been identified and isolated from the different parts of neem including azadirachtin, meliacin, gedunin, salanin, nimbin, valassin and various other components which are derived from these main compounds. Many different studies have been evaluated and authenticated for its various traditional and pharmacological activities like itching, leprosy, wound healing, spermicidal, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antidiabetic and analgesic etc. In the beginning of 1979, patenting on neem was started by CSIR to separate the active compounds from neem oil. Its great implantation fights with soil erosion, global warming, deforestations and desertification world-wide. In 2002, World Neem Conference raised the neem tree as an industrial or commercial plant. This review is going to explore comprehensively; traditional, pharmacological potential along with patenting, environmental & industrial significant of various parts of neem tree with safety concerns.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽  
Rufai Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.   

Comportamento de genótipos de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp., Fabaceae) sob infestação de Empoasca sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) e Liriomyza sp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) em Redenção, Ceará, Brasil

Paubrasilia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Francisca Arila Maciel de Souza Xavier ◽  
João Gutemberg Leite Moraes ◽  
Marcos Levi Saraiva Silva ◽  
Rufino Barreto de Matos Neto ◽  
Damila de Oliveira Firmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata

O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) é uma fabácea utilizada como fonte alimentar em diversos países da África, Ásia e Américas. Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar o comportamento de genótipos de feijão-caupi ao ataque de cigarrinha-verde (Empoasca sp.) e de minador (Liriomyza sp.). O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Piroás da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Unilab), nos meses de agosto a outubro de 2018, onde se utilizou o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com 15 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Para a cigarrinha, foi avaliado o número de indivíduos por planta na parcela útil, aleatoriamente, uma vez na semana, ao longo de nove semanas. Já para a minadora, foi avaliada a frequência de minas, na parcela útil e ao acaso, ao longo de quatro semanas. Os dados acumulados na última amostragem foram transformados [(x + 0,5)1/2] e submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott. Os genótipos BRS Juruá, BRS Marataoã, Rabo de Soin, BRS Guariba, BR 17 Gurguéia, BRS Xiquexique, BRS Potengi, BRS Aracê, BRS Cauamé, BRS Imponente, BRS Itaim, BRS Tumucumaque e Vita-7 foram menos suscetíveis ao ataque de Empoasca sp., enquanto que BRS Aracê, Rabo de Soin e Vita-7 foram menos atacados por Liriomyza sp.

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