scholarly journals Callus formation and production of secondary metabolites by seedling explants of Chenopodium quinoa

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Heba Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Seedling Explants

scholarly journals 664 PB 104 AGROBACTERIUM INFECTION OF WHITE ASH (FRAXINUS AMERICANA L.)

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 528a-528
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Bates ◽  
John E. Preece ◽  
John H. Yopp
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Seedling Explants

Both greenhouse-grown white ash plants derived from tissue culture and rooted microshoots in high humidity trays were inoculated with 11 tumor-inducing Agrobacterium strains. Eight strains stimulated mutative gall formation. Plants inoculated with strain A281 exhibited a higher frequency of callus formation (greenhouse-22.2%; microshoots-18.8%) than other strains at the site of the wound. Therefore, strain A281 was used to inoculate seed and seedling explants in vitro. Explants were placed on MS medium containiner no plant growth regulators and inoculated at 0, 3, 5, 7, or 10 days after initiation. Plants inoculated at 10 days showed a higher frequency of callus formation (16.4%) than with earlier inoculations. Also, rewounding of the explant at inoculation resulted in a higher frequency of callus formation (11.3%) compared to not rewounding the explant (3.9%).

A new functional food ingredient enriched by Phytoecdisteroids and Polyphenols from quinoa grains (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4321-4328
Author(s):  
Zorin S.N. ◽  
Sidorova Yu. S. ◽  
Petrov N.A. ◽  
Perova I.B. ◽  
Malinkin A.D. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detector ◽  
Active Substances

Objective: Quinoa grains (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) contain a large number of secondary metabolites. Phytoecdysteroids and polyphenols, secondary metabolites, are of great interest for research today. The aim of the study is a method development for the extraction of biologically active substances (BAS) from quinoa grains to obtain a functional food ingredient (FFI) enriched with phytoecdysteroids and polyphenols. Materials and methods: The content of phytoecdysteroids at each stage of quinoa extract production was determined by two methods: HPLC with a spectrophotometric detector and HPLC with a mass spectrometer. The content of total polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The flavonoid profile was determined using a liquid chromatography system with a diode array spectrophotometric detector and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detector. Results: The chosen technological scheme for the production of FFI can concentrate more than 200 times the major phytoecdysteroid 20-hydroxyecdysone major in quinoa in the final product relative to the raw material. The maximum yield of flavonoids in the final product was observed in cases of 20 and 40% ethanol extraction. Conclusion: These results lead to the conclusion that highly enriched sources of BAS can be obtained using fairly simple technological approaches and commercially available reagents from quinoa grains.

scholarly journals Callus inducement of Toona sinensis: Potential agents against SARS-Corona virus replication

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012078
Author(s):  
A I Putri ◽  
T Herawan ◽  
Prastyono ◽  
L Haryjanto ◽  
M A Fauzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Cell Weight ◽  
Toona Sinensis ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Dry Cell Weight

Abstract Bioprospecting of anti-SARS-corona virus phytochemical agents is an important issue today as an alternative to chemical drugs whose effectiveness has not been fully successful with no light effect. Quercetin, a component of Toona sinensis young leaves extract, was reported to have anti-viral activity against SARS-corona virus replication in vitro. Currently, the low efficiency of secondary metabolite production is an obstacle. Production of secondary metabolites from callus induction in vitro is considered more efficient and in a short time for commercial applications. The composition of hormones in callus media affects the secondary metabolites formed. The study was conducted to determine the effect of synthetic hormones auxin (BAP) and cytokinin (NAA) on callus percentage, fresh and dry callus cell weight and the average time of callus formation. The call percentage (100%) was obtained in different combinations of BAP and NAA in MS medium. The highest fresh weight of callus (165.50 gL−1) and dry cell weight (28.47 gL−1) were observed in MS medium (1.5 mgL−1 BAP and 1 mgL−1 NAA) within 7 days initial formation time of callus. The results showed that all the indices measured were positively correlated with callus induction in T. sinensis.

scholarly journals Induksi kalus daun binahong merah (Basella rubra L.) dengan pe,berian 2,4-D dan kinetin

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Fetmi Silvina ◽  
Isnaini Isnaini ◽  
Widya Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The University

Tanaman binahong merah (Basella rubra L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder berkhasiat obat. Kultur kalus adalah salah satu solusi dalam menghasilkan senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan jumlah yang besar.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian 2,4-D dan kinetin dalam menginduksi kalus daun binahong merah. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Riau pada bulan November 2019 sampai Maret 2020. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu 2,4-D dengan empat taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0 ppm, 0,5 ppm, 1 ppm dan 2 ppm dan kinetin dengan empat taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0 ppm, 0,5 ppm, 1 ppm dan 2 ppm dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan tanpa 2,4-D dan 0,5 ppm kinetin memberikan respon terbaik pada saat muncul kalus 11,67 HST dan perlakuan 1 ppm 2,4-D dan 2 ppm kinetin memberikan respon terbaik pada persentase keberhasilan induksi kalus 62,50 %.  Red binahong (Basella rubra L.) is a plant that contains medicinal secondary metabolites.  Callus culture is one solution in producing secondary metabolites in large quantities. This research aimed to determine the effect of 2,4-D and kinetin in inducing callus on red binahong leaves. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Riau from November 2019 to March 2020. The experiment used a randomized block design with two factors, namely four levels of 2,4-D 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 ppm and four levels of kinetin namely 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 ppm with three replications. The results showed that a combination of 0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm kinetin and 1 ppm 2,4-D and 2 ppm had the fastest callus formation 11.67 DAP and a combination of 1 ppm 2,4-D and 2 ppm kinetin produced weigher callus 6.4 mg and had a percentage of callus formation 62.50%.

scholarly journals Quinoa Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Activities or Functions

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Han ◽  
Li ◽  
Wang ◽  
Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
South America ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was known as the “golden grain” by the native Andean people in South America, and has been a source of valuable food over thousands of years. It can produce a variety of secondary metabolites with broad spectra of bioactivities. At least 193 secondary metabolites from quinoa have been identified in the past 40 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and nitrogen-containing compounds. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as insecticidal, molluscicidal and antimicrobial activities, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological activities and functions of quinoa secondary metabolites. Biosynthesis, development and utilization of the secondary metabolites especially from quinoa bran were prospected.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Kalus Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) dari Eksplan Tangkai Daun pada Kondisi Gelap

Life Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Wijawati ◽  
Noor Aini Habibah ◽  
Fajar Musafa ◽  
Khoirul Mukhtar ◽  
Y. Ulung Anggraito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Callus Regeneration ◽  
Dark Conditions ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) is a Salatiga identity plant which is now rarely found. Rejasa produces secondary metabolites that have the potential as drugs. This study tested the growth of rejasa callus in the medium with the addition of various types and concentrations of growth regulators. The independent variables used were the type and concentration of growth regulators (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with concentrations of 1.5; 2.5 and 3.5 ppm and Picloram with a concentration of 3.5; 5; and 7.5 ppm). The dependent variable in this study was the growth of callus regeneration (percentage of callus growth, time of callus formation and morphology of callus) observed for five months in dark conditions. Explants used were young petiolus and the medium used in this study was medium Murashige and Skoog (MS). The results showed the lowest percentage of callus induction was found in explants with the addition of Picloram growth regulators with a concentration of 7.5 ppm (14%). Explants maintained in the medium with the addition of Picloram with a concentration of 5 ppm resulted in the highest percentage of callus induction. The time of callus induction is in the range of 10-22 days. The explants with the addition of Picloram growth regulator substances with a concentration of 5 ppm had the best callus induction time, which was 12 days. Most of the callus formed was friable and yellowish. Based on the results of this research, the best medium for callus induction of rejasa in dark conditions was medium with the addition of 5 ppm Picloram.   Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) adalah tanaman identitas Salatiga yang mulai jarang ditemukan. Pertumbuhan populasinya memiliki perkembangan yang lambat. Perkembangan generatif melalui perkecambahan biji terjadi dalam tingkat yang sangat rendah. Dalam kelangkaannya, rejasa memiliki khasiat sebagai tanaman obat melalui metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menguji pertumbuhan kalus rejasa dalam variasi jenis dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh. Variabel bebas yang digunakan adalah jenis dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) dengan konsentrasi 1,5; 2,5; dan 3,5 ppm serta pikloram dengan konsentrasi 3,5; 5; dan 7,5 ppm). Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah pertumbuhan kalus rejasa (persentase tumbuh kalus, waktu berkalus, dan morfologi kalus) dalam medium yang diamati selama 5 bulan. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah tangkai muda yang ditanam dalam medium agar Murashige & Skoog dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4-D dan pikloram dalam berbagai konsentrasi dan dipelihara dalam kondisi gelap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase induksi kalus paling rendah terdapat pada eksplan dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh pikloram dengan konsentrasi 7,5 ppm (14%). Eksplan yang dipelihara pada medium dengan penambahan pikloram konsentrasi 5 ppm memghasilkan persentasi induksi kalus tertinggi. Waktu induksi kalus berada dalam rentang 10-22 hari. Eksplan dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh pikloram konsentrasi 5 ppm memiliki rerata waktu induksi kalus paling baik yaitu 12 hari. Kalus yang terbentuk dominan berwarna kekuningan dengan jenis meremah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitiaan, medium yang paling baik untuk induksi kalus dalam kondisi gelap adalah medium MS dengan penambahan zat pengatur tumbuh pikloram konsentrasi 5 ppm.

scholarly journals Callus Induction of Piper betle L. Var Nigra Using 2,4-Dichlorofenoxyacetic Acidand 6-Benzil Aminopurin

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-596
Author(s):  
Junairiah Junairiah ◽  
Purnomo Purnomo ◽  
Edy Setiti Wida Utami ◽  
Ni’matuzahroh Ni’matuzahroh ◽  
Lilis Sulistyorini
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Explant ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Betel Leaf

Piper betle L var Nigra (black betel) is a member of Piperaceae family which has potential as medicinal plant due to its secondary metabolites. Callus culture is one of the alternative methods to elevate production of secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to determine the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzil aminopurine (BAP) towards callus induction and growth, also to determine the most optimal variation of 2,4-D and BAP concentration for callus induction of black betel leaf explant. This study was a laboratory experimental study with complete randomized design. Black betel leaf explant was planted in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BAP growth regulators at concentration of 0.0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L respectively. Parameter recorded for callus induction and growth including callus induction time (days), percentage of explant forming callus, fresh weight, dry weight, color and texture. After callus planted for 8 weeks, analysis was performed statistically. Result showed that 2,4-D and BAP supplementation to medium affected the growth of black bete l leaf explants. Additional concentration of 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BAP growth regulators showed the fastest response in callus formation, at 7.25 days. Growth regulators of 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L and BAP 2.0 mg/L concentration produced the highest fresh and dry weight, at 0.6802 g and 0.0670 g respectively. The best treatment was used as a basis to produce secondary metabolites.

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