Application of electrochemical treatment for the removal of triazine dye using aluminium electrodes

Abstract Textile effluents contain triazine-substituted reactive dyes that cause health problems such as cancer, birth defects, and hormone damage. An electrochemical process was employed effectively to degrade azo reactive dye with the aim of reducing the production of carcinogenic chemicals during biodegradation. Textile dye C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2), a model pollutant that contains dichloro triazine ring, was subjected to the electrocoagulation process using aluminium (Al) electrodes. A maximum of 97% of colour and 72% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were achieved and 9.5 kWh/kg dye electrical energy and 0.8 kg Al/kg dye electrode consumption were observed. The dye removal mechanism was studied by analysing the results of UV-Vis spectra of RR2 and treated samples at various time intervals during electrocoagulation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectral studies were used for analysing the electrocoagulated flocs. The results indicate that in this process the dye gets removed by adsorption and there is no significant carcinogenic by-product formation during the degradation of dye.

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Electrocoagulation Applied for Textile Dye Oxidation Using Iron Slag as Electrodes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-477015/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafaela De Maman ◽

Vilson Conrado da Luz ◽

Laura Behling ◽

Adriana Dervanoski ◽

Clarissa Dalla Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Electrochemical Process ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Phenol Removal ◽

Good Efficiency ◽

Iron Slag ◽

Indigo Blue ◽

Textile Factory

Abstract The Indigo Blue dye is widely used in the textile industry, specifically in jeans dyeing, the effluents of which, rich in organic pollutants with recalcitrant characteristics, end up causing several environmental impacts, requiring efficient treatments. Several pieces of research have been conducted in search of effective treatment methods, among which is electrocoagulation. This treatment consists of an electrochemical process that generates its own coagulant by applying electric current on metallic electrodes, bypassing the use of other chemical products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential use of iron slag in the electrocoagulation of a synthetic effluent containing commercial dye Indigo Blue and the effluent from a textile factory. The quantified parameters were color, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, sludge generation, phenol removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). The electrocoagulation treatment presented a good efficiency in removing the analyzed parameters, obtaining average removal in the synthetic effluent of 85 % of color and 100 % of phenol after 25 min of electrolysis. For the effluent from the textile factory, average reductions of 80 % of color, 91 % of turbidity, 100 % of phenol, 55 % of COD, and 73 % of TOC were measured after 60 min of electrolysis. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of using iron slag as an electrode in the electrocoagulation process in order to reuse industrial waste and reduce costs in the treatment and disposal of solid waste.

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Electrochemical Degradation of Crystal Violet Using Ti/Pt/SnO2 Electrode

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11188401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 8401

Author(s):

Rachid El Brychy ◽

Mohamed Moutie Rguiti ◽

Nadia Rhazzane ◽

Moulay Driss Mellaoui ◽

Khalid Abbiche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Crystal Violet ◽

Current Density ◽

Ph Value ◽

Supporting Electrolyte ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Electrochemical Treatment ◽

Electrochemical Process ◽

Initial Ph

Today, organic wastes (paints, pigments, etc.) are considered to be a major concern for the pollution of aqueous environments. Therefore, it is essential to find new methods to solve this problem. This research was conducted to study the use of electrochemical processes to remove organic pollutants (e.g., crystal violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The galvanostatic electrolysis of CV by the use of Ti/Pt/SnO2 anode, were conducted in an electrochemical cell with 100 mL of solution using Na2SO4 and NaCl as supporting electrolyte, the effect of the important electrochemical parameters: current density (20–60 mA cm−2), CV concentration (10–50 mg L−1), sodium chloride concentration (0.01–0.1 g L−1) and initial pH (2 to 10) on the efficiency of the electrochemical process was evaluated and optimized. The electrochemical treatment process of CV was monitored by the UV-visible spectrometry and the chemical oxygen demand (COD). After only 120 min, in a 0.01mol L−1 NaCl solution with a current density of 50 mA cm−2 and a pH value of 7 containing 10 mg L−1 CV, the CV removal efficiency can reach 100%, the COD removal efficiency is up to 80%. The process can therefore be considered as a suitable process for removing CV from coloured wastewater in the textile industries.

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Inhibited Antibiotic-Resistant and Electrochemical Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition - Advances in Information Quality and Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch093 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1362-1383

Author(s):

Isaiah Adesola Oke ◽

Fehintola Ezekiel Oluwaseun ◽

Justinah S. Amoko ◽

Salihu Lukman ◽

Adekunbi Enoch Adedayo

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Electrochemical Treatment ◽

Separation Distance ◽

Electrochemical Process ◽

Treatment Technique ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Industrial Wastewaters ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Treatment Conditions

The main aim of this chapter is to conduct a simple literature review on treatment wastewaters from pharmaceutical and related industries and establish efficacies of electrochemical treatment technique in removing selected pollutants form raw wastewater. Synthetic (simulated) wastewaters were prepared using standard methods. Fractional factorial (2K - P -1) experiments were utilized at random to determine influence of selected factors (separation distance between the electrodes, volume of the wastewater used, applied current, temperature of the wastewater, treatment time, concentration of the pollutant, concentration calcium of hypochrite (Ca(OCl)2) added and depth of the electrode into the wastewater used) on efficiency of electrochemical process in removing Biochemical Oxygen Demand concentration at five (BOD5). Industrial wastewaters were collected from industrial sources within the country (Nigeria). The industrial wastewaters collected were subjected to electrochemical treatment and chemical treatments individually and in combinations under specified treatment conditions.

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COD removal from leachate by electrocoagulation process: treatment with monopolar electrodes in parallel connection

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.528 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 177-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mehtap Tanyol ◽

Aysenur Ogedey ◽

Ensar Oguz

Keyword(s):

Current Density ◽

Operating Cost ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Iron Electrode ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Electrode Distance ◽

Electrocoagulation Process ◽

Monopolar Electrodes

Abstract This study examines the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate generated from the municipal landfill site of Bingol, Turkey. The effect of parameters such as current density, pH, and inter-electrode distance during the electrocoagulation (EC) process on COD removal of the process was investigated. Moreover, for COD removal, the energy consumption and operating costs were calculated for iron electrode under the EC conditions. COD removal efficiency was 72.13% at the current density of 16 mA m−2, pH of 8.05, and the inter-electrode distance of 9 mm at the detention time of 60 min with iron electrode and the COD concentration was reduced from 6,100 mg L−1 to 1,700 mg L−1 by EC. The highest value of the electrical energy and electrode consumptions per kg of COD in the optimum conditions were determined as 0.055 kWh kg−1 COD and 3.43 kg kg−1 COD and the highest operating cost value was found to be 1.41 US$ kg−1 COD for 0–60 min time intervals.

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Development of a system for treatment of coconut industry wastewater using electrochemical processes followed by Fenton reaction

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.129 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

pp. 2258-2264 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lúcio de Moura Gomes ◽

José Leandro da Silva Duarte ◽

Nathalia Marcelino Pereira ◽

Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle ◽

Josealdo Tonholo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fenton Reaction ◽

New Technologies ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Electrochemical Treatment ◽

Electrochemical Process ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Processing Industry ◽

Electrochemical Processes

The coconut processing industry generates a significant amount of liquid waste. New technologies targeting the treatment of industrial effluents have emerged, including advanced oxidation processes, the Fenton reaction, and electrochemical processes, which produce strong oxidizing species to remove organic matter. In this study we combined the Fenton reaction and electrochemical process to treat wastewater generated by the coconut industry. We prepared a synthetic wastewater consisting of a mixture of coconut milk and water and assessed how the Fenton reagents' concentration, the cathode material, the current density, and the implementation of associated technologies affect its treatment. Electrochemical treatment followed by the Fenton reaction diminished turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 85 and 95%, respectively. The Fenton reaction followed by the electrochemical process reduced turbidity and COD by 93 and 85%, respectively. Therefore, a combination of the Fenton and electrochemical technologies can effectively treat the effluent from the coconut processing industry.

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Optimization of electrocoagulation process to treat biologically pretreated bagasse effluent

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc130408074t ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 613-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

K. Thirugnanasambandham ◽

V. Sivakumar ◽

Maran Prakash

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Applied Current ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Electrocoagulation Process ◽

Pretreated Bagasse

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of electrocoagulation process as a post-treatment to treat biologically pretreated bagasse effluent using iron electrodes. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) were studied under different operating conditions such as amount of dilution, initial pH, applied current and electrolyte dose by using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with four-factor three-level Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). The experimental results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second order polynomial mathematical models were developed with high correlation of efficiency (R2) for COD, TSS removal and electrical energy consumption (EEC). The individual and combined effect of variables on responses was studied using three dimensional response surface plots. Under the optimum operating conditions, such as amount of dilution at 30 %, initial pH of 6.5, applied current of 8 mA cm-2 and electrolyte dose of 740 mg l-1 shows the higher removal efficiency of COD (98 %) and TSS (93 %) with EEC of 2.40 Wh, which were confirmed by validation experiments.

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Electrochemical Removal of Ammonium Nitrogen and COD of Domestic Wastewater using Platinum Coated Titanium as an Anode Electrode

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12050883 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 883 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Umesh Ghimire ◽

Min Jang ◽

Sokhee Jung ◽

Daeryong Park ◽

Se Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Treatment ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Electrochemical Treatment ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Electrochemical Process ◽

Electric Voltage ◽

Anode Electrode ◽

Titanium Material ◽

Electrochemical Removal

Biological treatment systems face many challenges in winter to reduce the level of nitrogen due to low temperatures. The present work aimed to study an electrochemical treatment to investigate the effect of applying an electric voltage to wastewater to reduce the ammonium nitrogen and COD (chemical oxygen demand) in domestic wastewater. This was done by using an electrochemical process in which a platinum-coated titanium material was used as an anode and stainless steel was used as a cathode (25 cm2 electrode area/500 mL). Our results indicated that the removal of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N) and the lowering of COD was directly proportional to the amount of electric voltage applied between the electrodes. Our seven hour experiment showed that 97.6% of NH4+–N was removed at an electric voltage of 5 V, whereas only 68% was removed with 3 V, 20% with 1.2 V, and 10% with 0.6 V. Similarly, at 5 V, the removal of COD was around 97.5%. Over the seven hours of the experiment, the pH of wastewater increased from pH 7.12 to pH 8.15 when 5 V was applied to the wastewater. Therefore, electric voltage is effective in the oxidation of ammonium nitrogen and the reduction in COD in wastewater.

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Electro Oxidation and Biodegradation of Textile Dye Effluent Containing Procion Blue 2G Using Fungal Strain Phanerochate Chrysosporium MTCC 787

International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ◽

10.2202/1542-6580.2328 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kuppusamy Vaithilingam Selvakumar ◽

C. Ahmed Basha ◽

Harinarayan Janardhana Prabhu ◽

Anantharaman Narayanan ◽

Jayanthi Nagarajan

Keyword(s):

Oxidation Process ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Reactive Dye ◽

Fungal Strain ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Viable Option ◽

Biochemical Oxidation ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Textile Dye Effluent ◽

Electro Oxidation

Biodegradation experiments were carried out using the fungal strain Phanerochate chrysosporium MTCC 787 to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the color of the textile effluent containing Procion Blue 2G.In degradation, biochemical oxidation (BO) was coupled with an electro oxidation (EO) process before and during sequence. The integrated process was carried out in three cycles for the effluents containing 10 mL and 20 mL of inoculum (two different culture concentrations) in aerobic conditions. The overall COD reduction was 90.6% and 92.4%, respectively, and complete color removal was achieved at the end of sequential integrated oxidation process. The treated effluent was subjected to photo-oxidation to remove the microbes so that the water can be recycled after the removal of total dissolved solids (TDS).The experimental results showed that the integrated BO with EO is a viable option to reduce COD and color of the dye solution containing the bio-recalcitrant reactive dye Procion Blue 2G using the fungal strain Phanerochate chrysosporium MTCC 787.

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Efficiency of turbidity and BOD removal from secondarily treated sewage by electrochemical treatment

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v4i2.269 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 304-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. K. Chopra ◽

Arun Kumar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Current Density ◽

Supporting Electrolyte ◽

Operating Time ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Electrochemical Treatment ◽

Electrochemical Process ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Treated Sewage ◽

Study Results

The present investigation observed the effect of operating time, current density, pH and supporting electrolyte on the removal efficiency of Turbidity (TD) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of secondarily treated sewage (STS) using electrochemical process. A glass chamber of 2 litre volume was used for the experiment with two electrode plates of aluminum, each having an area of 125 cm2 and 2 cm distance apart from each other. The treatment showed that the removal efficiency of TD and BOD increased to 87.41 and 81.38 % respectively with theincrease of current density (1.82 -7.52 mA/cm2), time (5 - 40 mins.) and different pH (4-8) of the STS. The most effective removal efficiency was observed around the pH 7. Further, 0.5 g/l NaCl as a supporting electrolyte for electrochemical treatment of STS was found to be more efficient for an increase to 95.56 % and 86.99 % for the removal of TD and BOD at 7.52 mA/cm2 current density in 40 mins. respectively. The electrode and energy consumption was found to vary from 2.52 x10-2 to 10.51 x10-2 kg Al/m3 and 2.76 kwh/m3 to 45.12 kWh/m3 depending on the operating conditions.The kinetic study results revealed that reaction rate (k) increased from 0.0174 to 0.03 min-1 for TD and 0.0169 to 0.024 min-1 for BOD with increase in current density from 1.82 to 7.52 mA/cm2.

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