Risk assessment of haloacetic acids in the water supply of Tehran, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Ghoochani ◽  
Noushin Rastkari ◽  
Behzad Heibati ◽  
Mohammad Ghanbari Ghozikali ◽  
Maryam Zare Jeddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
By Products

Disinfection by-products are compounds occurring in drinking water as a result of reactions between disinfectants and impurities in raw water, and their occurrence has been a public health concern for the last four decades. Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are one of the major by-products of chlorination. The concentration and variation of HAAs was monitored in 540 samples taken from tap water in six water and wastewater districts of Tehran, Iran. Seasonal variation indicated that natural organic matter and HAA levels were much higher in the spring and fall seasons. The concentrations of HAAs in drinking water samples varied with water sources. They were higher in drinking water obtained from surface water. In this study, the analysis method of human health risk assessment with regard to exposure to HAAs by drinking water in Tehran was based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guideline. It was found from these studies that the risk to human health appears to be negligible.

scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals in Tap Water: Human Health Risk Assessment and Proposed Monitoring Framework in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Wing Leung ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Si Wei ◽  
Mirabelle Mei Po Tsui ◽  
Bingsheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Human Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Monitoring Framework

scholarly journals Biodegradation of six haloacetic acids in drinking water

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walt Bayless ◽  
Robert C. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Monobromoacetic Acid ◽  
By Products

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are produced by the reaction of chlorine with natural organic matter and are regulated disinfection by-products of health concern. Biofilms in drinking water distribution systems and in filter beds have been associated with the removal of some HAAs, however the removal of all six routinely monitored species (HAA6) has not been previously reported. In this study, bench-scale glass bead columns were used to investigate the ability of a drinking water biofilm to degrade HAA6. Monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) and monobromoacetic acid (MBAA) were the most readily degraded of the halogenated acetic acids. Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) was not removed biologically when examined at a 90% confidence level. In general, di-halogenated species were removed to a lesser extent than the mono-halogenated compounds. The order of biodegradability by the biofilm was found to be monobromo > monochloro > bromochloro > dichloro > dibromo > trichloroacetic acid.

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