Open-Pore Sintered Glass as a High-Efficiency Support Medium in Bioreactors: New Results and Long-Term Experiences Achieved in High-Rate Anaerobic Digestion

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Breitenbücher ◽  
M. Siegl ◽  
A. Knüpfer ◽  
M. Radke
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Inert Carrier ◽  
Process Solutions

An open-pore sintered glass material (SIRAN) was developed for the immobilization of slow growing microorganisms. Due to the excellent properties of the inert carrier, e.g. porosity, pore size distribution, surface area, which can be adjusted individually to the applications, good system efficiencies are possible. Thus in the field of anaerobic digestion significant high COD removal rates are achievable. The open-pore structure of the carrier offers surface areas up to 90.000 m2/m3 to be colonized by active biomass. Compared to conventional support media, the use of open-pore carriers results in high start-up and steady-state performance at high process stability. The fixed bed loop reactor guarantees economical process solutions if open-pore sintered glass raschig rings are applied. Granules and beads have been proven in fluidized bed reactor systems, maintaining COD loading rates of 206 kg/m3 · d by treating evaporator condensates from pulp industry. The paper describes main characteristics of the carrier, treatability studies with pilot plants, scale-up and experiences with full-scale installations at production site using SIRAN carriers.

scholarly journals An electrode-assisted anaerobic digestion process for the production of high-quality biogas

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 2145-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yanuka-Golub ◽  
K. Baransi-Karkaby ◽  
A. Szczupak ◽  
L. Reshef ◽  
J. Rishpon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Electrolysis Cell ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Ch4 Production

Abstract Biogas is a sustainable, renewable energy source generated from organic waste degradation during anaerobic digestion (AD). AD is applied for treating different types of wastewater, mostly containing high organic load. However, AD practice is still limited due to the low quality of the produced biogas. Upgrading biogas to natural gas quality (>90% CH4) is essential for broad applications. Here, an innovative bio-electrochemically assisted AD process was developed, combining wastewater treatment and biogas upgrading. This process was based on a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) that produced hydrogen from wastewater at a relatively high efficiency, followed by high-rate anaerobic systems for completing biodegradation of organic matter and an in situ bio-methanation process. Results showed that CH4 production yield was substantially improved upon coupling of the MEC with the AD system. Interestingly, CH4 production yield increase was most notable once circulation between AD and MEC was applied, while current density was not markedly affected by the circulation rates. The microbial community analysis confirmed that the MEC enhanced hydrogen production, leading to the enrichment of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Thus, directing soluble hydrogen from the MEC to AD is plausible, and has great potential for biogas upgrading, avoiding the need for direct hydrogen harvesting.

scholarly journals Cementation of Cd Ions on Zinc Using a Rotating Fixed Bed Impeller Basket Reactor

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Yousra Hamdy Farid
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Waste Solution ◽  
System A ◽  
Ring Diameter

Cementation or metal displacement reaction is one of the most effective techniques for removing toxic metals from industrial waste solutions. Aims: The main purpose of this work is to study the rate of cementation of cadmium by using a rotating bed of Zn Raschig rings packed in a perforated impeller basket for the investigation of the removal of Cd 2+ from waste solution. Study Design: The reactor was tested for Cd2+ concentration removed, the diameter of Zinc Raschig rings, and the rotational speed of the basket. Methodology: The results indicate that there are two rates of cementation for Cd-Zn system, a high rate at the beginning, followed by a lower rate after the initial period. The results also show that percentage removal of Cd2+ ions from solution increases by increasing the speed of basket rotation, and as the diameter of Zn Raschig ring packed in the basket reactor, increases the removal of Cd2+ decreases. The cadmium deposits on zinc as powder. Results: The removal of Cd2+ is optimum for ring diameter of 0.5 cm, initial concentration of 100 ppm, and basket rotation speed of 500 rpm. The experimental data fit the following equation: Sh=0.041 Sc0.33Re0.40. This equation can be used for the design scale-up and operation of reactors used to remove Cd2+ from wastewater by cementation. Conclusion: Rates of cementation were expressed in terms of the rate of mass transfer, the mass transfer coefficient increases as the rotational speed of the basket increases.

Recent Developments in Process and Reactor Design for Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aivasidis ◽  
C. Wandrey
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sintered Glass

There are a large number of advantages in using microbial anaerobic degradation processes in wastewater pretreatment. However, a disadvantage of this method is the relatively long doubling times of anaerobic microorganisms. Because of the autocatalytic nature of the microbial processes and the low carbon incorporation rate which results in low biomass concentrations in continuously operated systems, decoupling of the residence times for substrate and biomass in necessary. In this way, high volume time yields of biogas can be achieved under anaerobic conditions. From the well known methods for achieving biomass retention, immobilization on inert support media is thought to be an effective alternative. Experiments on anaerobic treatment of sulfite evaporator condensate using immobilized microorganisms were carried out in a 12 1 fixed bed loop reactor. Porous sintered glass with a porosity of about 50% and a mean pore diameter of 60-100 µm served as the media. The reactor was operated for several months under steady state conditions at different residence times. At a residence time of 11 h, 84% of the COD was removed at loading rates up to 100 kg COD.m3.day. By optimization of porosity and pore size distribution a further improvement in the volume time yield of biogas was possible. Using reticulated sintered glass with a porosity of 60% and a pore size distribution of 60-300 µm, COD removal rates up to 160 kg/m3.d could be obtained. Experiments are currently being carried out with a pilot plant (reactor volume of 1.0 m3). This is necessary to obtain the characteristics necessary for scale up and calculating the economic viability of the process.

Extremum-seeking with variable gain control for intensifying biogas production in anaerobic fermentation

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
G. Olsson ◽  
B. Mattiasson
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Variable Gain ◽  
True Value

A state-dependent variable-gain control system is implemented to follow the characteristics of a laboratory-scale up-flow anaerobic fixed-bed reactor dynamically. The transition from one state to another is determined on an hourly basis, depending on difference between the setpoint of the reactor pH and its true value. Considerable improvement of the process stability – reduction of oscillation in both the reactor pH and biogas production rate during high-rate operation, has been achieved, although the control structure is simple and intuitive.

Pyrazolium Phase Change Materials for Solar-Thermal and Wind Energy Storage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Matuszek ◽  
R. Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Craig Forsyth ◽  
Surianarayanan Mahadevan ◽  
Mega Kar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Storage Materials

Renewable energy has the ultimate capacity to resolve the environmental and scarcity challenges of the world’s energy supplies. However, both the utility of these sources and the economics of their implementation are strongly limited by their intermittent nature; inexpensive means of energy storage therefore needs to be part of the design. Distributed thermal energy storage is surprisingly underdeveloped in this context, in part due to the lack of advanced storage materials. Here, we describe a novel family of thermal energy storage materials based on pyrazolium cation, that operate in the 100-220°C temperature range, offering safe, inexpensive capacity, opening new pathways for high efficiency collection and storage of both solar-thermal energy, as well as excess wind power. We probe the molecular origins of the high thermal energy storage capacity of these ionic materials and demonstrate extended cycling that provides a basis for further scale up and development.

Pemodelan Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pengolah Molasse Pada Pembebanan Organik Tinggi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Telah dikembangkan reaktor anaerob kecepatan tinggi (high rate) yang merupakan modifikasi reaktor konvensional. Di antaranya berupa (bio)reaktor pertumbuhan tersuspensi (contoh: UASB, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) dan reaktor pertumbuhan lekat (Fixed Bed atau Biofilter, Fluidized Bed, Expanded Bed, Rotating Biodisc dan Baffled Reactor). Kedua tipe reaktor di atas memiliki sejumlah kelebihan dan kekurangan. Untuk mengoptimalkan nilai positifnya (terutama untuk keperluan desain) maka reaktor tersebut, pada penelitian ini, disusun menjadi satu urutan yang disebut Reaktor Hibrid Anaerob (Rehan) yakni UASB di bawah dan AF di atasnya. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang kinerja Rehan dalam mengolah air limbah (substrat) yang konsentrasi zat organiknya (COD) sangat tinggi dan suatu model matematika yang dapat mewakili reaktor tersebut.

Design of a continuous flow immobilized-cell reactor for biosynthetical production of L-aspartic acid

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindřich Zahradník ◽  
Marie Fialová ◽  
Jan Škoda ◽  
Helena Škodová
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Immobilized Cell

An experimental study was carried out aimed at establishing a data base for an optimum design of a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor for biotransformation of ammonium fumarate to L-aspartic acid catalyzed by immobilized cells of the strain Escherichia alcalescens dispar group. The experimental program included studies of the effect of reactor geometry, catalytic particle size, and packed bed arrangement on reactor hydrodynamics and on the rate of substrate conversion. An expression for the effective reaction rate was derived including the effect of mass transfer and conditions of the safe conversion-data scale-up were defined. Suggestions for the design of a pilot plant reactor (100 t/year) were formulated and decisive design parameters of such reactor were estimated for several variants of problem formulation.

scholarly journals Ultrafast presodiation of graphene anodes for high‐efficiency and high‐rate s odium‐ion storage

InfoMat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganyu Zheng ◽  
Qiaowei Lin ◽  
Jiabin Ma ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yan‐Bing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ion Storage
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