Optical characteristics of waste stabilization ponds: recommendations for monitoring

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Davies-Colley ◽  
R.J. Craggs ◽  
J. Park ◽  
J.W. Nagels
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Algal Photosynthesis

The optical character of waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) is of concern for several reasons. Algal photosynthesis, which produces oxygen for waste oxidation in WSPs, is influenced by attenuation of sunlight in ponds. Disinfection in WSPs is influenced by optical characteristics because solar UV exposure usually dominates inactivation. The optical nature of WSPs effluent also affects assimilation by receiving waters. Despite the importance of light behaviour in WSPs, few studies have been made of their optical characteristics. We discuss simple optical measures suitable for routine monitoring of WSPs (including at sites remote from laboratories): optical density of filtrates – an index of dissolved coloured organic (humic) matter, visual clarity – to provide an estimate of the beam attenuation coefficient (a fundamental quantity needed for optical modelling) colour (hue) – as an indicator of general WSP ‘condition’ and irradiance attenuation quantifying depth of light penetration. The value of optical characterisation of WSPs is illustrated with reference to optical data for WSPs in NZ (including high-rate algal ponds) treating dairy cattle wastewater versus domestic sewage. We encourage increased research on optical characteristics of WSPs and the incorporation of optical measures in monitoring and modelling of WSP performance

Microalgal luxury uptake of phosphorus in waste stabilization ponds – frequency of occurrence and high performing genera

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Crimp ◽  
N. Brown ◽  
A. Shilton
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization

Abstract Microalgae commonly found in waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are able to accumulate elevated phosphorus levels within their cells in a process known as luxury uptake. However, there are few studies focused on luxury uptake in full scale WSPs. In order to comprehensively quantify the occurrence of this phenomenon, eight different WSP sites comprising seven primary facultative, six maturation and two high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) spread over several climatic regions were monitored over four seasons. Of the 15 ponds studied, 13 of these exhibited elevated levels of biomass phosphorus content at some point; however, the occurrence in HRAPs was limited. More than half of the samples tested had elevated phosphorus contents and this occurred in all climatic zones surveyed. The phosphorus content of the biomass was significantly correlated to decreasing rainfall and increasing total dissolved phosphorus. Microscopic analysis revealed that nearly all the 17 microalgal and five cyanobacterial genera identified performed luxury uptake, but at varying frequencies. This is the first time that the genera of algae responsible for luxury uptake in full scale WSPs has been studied. Chlamydomonas/Cryptomonas, Micractinium/Microcystis and Scenedesmus were the only microalgal genera found to both commonly occur in WSPs and consistently perform luxury uptake.

Ammonia Toxicity to Algal Growth in Waste Stabilization Ponds

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Konig ◽  
H. W. Pearson ◽  
S. A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Algal Growth ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Water Layers ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Algal Photosynthesis

The ammonia concentrations in 1.25 and 2.3 metre deep waste stabilization ponds at Extrabes N.B. Brazil receiving domestic sewage were largely independent of the surface organic loadings on the deep ponds at least above loading rates of 200 kg BOD5 ha−1 d−1, but varied with time between 14 and 29 mg L−1 (NH3-N). During daylight, pH values reached about 9.0 (or sometimes higher) in the surface water layers as a result of algal photosynthesis. Laboratory growth studies showed that a pond isolate of Chlorella was more tolerant to ammonia than the Euglena species and grew in media containing l0mM ammonia at a pH of 9.0 and a temperature of 25°C when 40% of the total ammonia concentration was in the toxic unionised NH3 form. This tolerance would appear to be inherent since the Chlorella was isolated from ponds containing ammonia concentrations at 1 to 2mM and was subsequently maintained routinely in the laboratory at such ammonia levels. The differential sensitivity to ammonia exhibited by pond algae is discussed in terms of waste stabilization pond performance.

Rotavirus removal in experimental waste stabilization pond systems with different geometries and configurations

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
H. Arridge ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
H. W. Pearson ◽  
S. A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization

Rotavirus removal in waste stabilization ponds is a relatively slow process: in a series of ten ponds (a 1-d anaerobic pond followed by nine 2-d ponds) its numbers were reduced from 1.4 × 105 per litre to zero, and in an “innovative” series (a 1-day anaerobic pond, 3-d facultative pond, 3.8-d, 3-d and 5-d maturation ponds) from 5.1 × 104 per litre to <5 per litre. Faecal coliforms were better indicators of rotaviruses than was Clostridium perfringens .

Waste stabilization ponds in France: a report on fifteen years experience

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Racault ◽  
C. Boutin ◽  
A. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Load Level ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
System Type ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Output Load

In 1992, a survey was conducted on the performance of waste stabilization ponds in France. The data selected come from a sample of 178 ponds, with an average capacity of 600 p.e., throughout France. For each plant, one or several input--output load measurements over a 24-h period are available. The average organic load level received is approximately 25 kg BOD/ha.d, representing 50% of the nominal load. The quality of the treated water is presented based on the type of sewerage system feeding the ponds. The results appear dispersed, however; in 70% of the cases the concentrations in COD and BOD on filtered samples are under 120 mg/l and 40 mg/l, respectively, and the concentration in TSS under 120 mg/l (discharge standards in France for waste stabilization ponds). The reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are on average from 60% to 70%. The influence of different parameters (sewerage system type, organic load, season, age of plant, etc.) was studied. The results appear noticeably worse when the ponds receive wastewater from a strictly separate sewerage system.

scholarly journals Evaluation of contaminants removal by waste stabilization ponds: A case study of Siloam WSPs in Vhembe District, South Africa

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e06207
Author(s):  
Joshua N. Edokpayi ◽  
John O. Odiyo ◽  
Oluwaseun E. Popoola ◽  
Titus A.M. Msagati
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Contaminants Removal ◽  
Vhembe District
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