scholarly journals Biomass aggregation influences NaN3 short-term effects on anammox bacteria activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pedrouso ◽  
A. Val del Río ◽  
J. L. Campos ◽  
R. Méndez ◽  
A. Mosquera-Corral
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Granular Biomass

The main bottleneck to maintain the long-term stability of the partial nitritation-anammox processes, especially those operated at low temperatures and nitrogen concentrations, is the undesirable development of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). When this occurs, the punctual addition of compounds with the capacity to specifically inhibit NOB without affecting the process efficiency might be of interest. Sodium azide (NaN3) is an already known NOB inhibitor which at low concentrations does not significantly affect the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity. However, studies about its influence on anammox bacteria are unavailable. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of NaN3 on the anammox activity. Three different types of anammox biomass were used: granular biomass comprising AOB and anammox bacteria (G1), anammox enriched granules (G2) and previous anammox granules disaggregated (F1). No inhibitory effect of NaN3 was measured on G1 sludge. However, the anammox activity decreased in the case of G2 and F1. Granular biomass activity was less affected (IC50 90 mg/L, G2) than flocculent one (IC50 5 mg/L, F1). Summing up, not only does the granular structure protect the anammox bacteria from the NaN3 inhibitory effect, but also the AOB act as a barrier decreasing the inhibition.

Pilot scale studies on nitritation-anammox process for mainstream wastewater at low temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Trojanowicz ◽  
Elzbieta Plaza ◽  
Jozef Trela
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Anammox Process

Process of partial nitritation-anammox for mainstream wastewater at low temperature was run in a pilot scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system for about 300 days. The biofilm history in the reactor was about 3 years of growth at low temperature (down to 10 °C). The goal of the studies presented in this paper was to achieve effective partial nitritation-anammox process. Influence of nitrogen loading rate, hydraulic retention time, aeration strategy (continuous versus intermittent) and sludge recirculation (integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) mode) on deammonification process' efficiency and microbial activity in the examined system was tested. It was found that the sole intermittent aeration strategy is not a sufficient method for successful suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria in MBBR. The best performance of the process was achieved in IFAS mode. The highest recorded capacity of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria in biofilm was 1.4 gN/m2d and 0.5 gN/m2d, respectively, reaching 51% in nitrogen removal efficiency.

Autotrophic nitrogen removal in sequencing batch biofilm reactors at different oxygen supply modes

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1889-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wantawin ◽  
J. Juateea ◽  
P. L. Noophan ◽  
J. Munakata-Marr
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactors

Conventional nitrification-denitrification treatment is a common way to treat nitrogen in wastewater, but this process is costly for low COD/N wastewaters due to the addition of air and external carbon-source. However, ammonia may alternatively be converted to dinitrogen gas by autotrophic bacteria utilizing aerobically autotrophically produced nitrite as an electron acceptor under anoxic conditions. Lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) inoculated with normal nitrifying sludge were employed to study the potential of an oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification-denitrification process initiated with typical nitrifying sludge for treating a synthetic ammonia wastewater devoid of organic carbon in one step. The ring-laced fibrous carrier (length 0.32 m, surface area 3.4 m2/m) was fixed vertically in a 3 L reactor. Two different air supply modes were applied:continuous aeration to control dissolved oxygen at 1.5 mg/L and intermittent aeration. High nitrogen removals of more than 50% were obtained in both SBBRs. At an ammonia loading of 0.882 gm N/m2-day [hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hr], the SBBR continuously aerated to 1.5 mg DO/L had slightly higher nitrogen removal (64%) than the intermittently alternated SBBR (55%). The main form of residual nitrogen in the effluent was ammonia, at concentrations of 25 mg/L and 37 mg N/L in continuous and intermittent aeration SBBRs, respectively. Ammonia was completely consumed when ammonia loading was reduced to 0.441 gm N/m2-day [HRT extended to 48 hr]. The competitive use of nitrite by aerobic nitrite oxidizing bacteria (ANOB) with anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (anammox bacteria) during the expanded aeration period under low remaining ammonia concentration resulted in higher nitrate production and lower nitrogen loss in the continuous aeration SBBR than in the intermittent aeration SBBR. The nitrogen removal efficiencies in SBBRs with continuous and alternating aerated were 80% and 86% respectively. Specific microorganisms in the biofilm were characterized using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) occurred side by side with putative anammox bacteria (cells hybridizing with probe AMX820) throughout the biofilm, though ANOB were rarely detected.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term orange dye effects on ammonium oxidizing and anammox bacteria activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Val del Río ◽  
A. Stachurski ◽  
R. Méndez ◽  
J. L. Campos ◽  
J. Surmacz-Górska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Anammox Process

The effects of orange azo dye over ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox bacteria activities were tested. Performed batch tests indicated that concentrations lower than 650 mgorange/L stimulated AOB activity, while anammox bacteria activity was inhibited at concentrations higher than 25 mgorange/L. Long-term performance of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the partial nitritation and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the anammox process was tested in the presence of 50 mgorange/L. In the case of the partial nitritation process, both the biomass concentration and the specific AOB activity increased after 50 days of orange azo dye addition. Regarding the anammox process, specific activity decreased down to 58% after 12 days of operation with continuous feeding of 50 mgorange/L. However, the anammox activity was completely recovered only 54 days after stopping the dye addition in the feeding. Once the biomass was saturated the azo dye adsorption onto the biomass was insignificant in the CSTR for the partial nitritation process fed with 50 mgorange/L. However, in the SBR the absorption was determined as 6.4 mgorange/g volatile suspended solids. No biological decolorization was observed in both processes.

scholarly journals In Situ Activity and Spatial Organization of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing (Anammox) Bacteria in Biofilms

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (15) ◽  
pp. 4931-4939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kindaichi ◽  
Ikuo Tsushima ◽  
Yuji Ogasawara ◽  
Masaki Shimokawa ◽  
Noriatsu Ozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Inlet Port ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Total Bacteria

ABSTRACT We investigated autotrophic anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) biofilms for their spatial organization, community composition, and in situ activities by using molecular biological techniques combined with microelectrodes. Results of phylogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that “Brocadia”-like anammox bacteria that hybridized with the Amx820 probe dominated, with 60 to 92% of total bacteria in the upper part (<1,000 μm) of the biofilm, where high anammox activity was mainly detected with microelectrodes. The relative abundance of anammox bacteria decreased along the flow direction of the reactor. FISH results also indicated that Nitrosomonas-, Nitrosospira-, and Nitrosococcus-like aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) coexisted with anammox bacteria and accounted for 13 to 21% of total bacteria in the biofilms. Microelectrode measurements at three points along the anammox reactor revealed that the NH4 + and NO2 − consumption rates decreased from 0.68 and 0.64 μmol cm−2 h−1 at P2 (the second port, 170 mm from the inlet port) to 0.30 and 0.35 μmol cm−2 h−1 at P3 (the third port, 205 mm from the inlet port), respectively. No anammox activity was detected at P4 (the fourth port, 240 mm from the inlet port), even though sufficient amounts of NH4 + and NO2 − and a high abundance of anammox bacteria were still present. This result could be explained by the inhibitory effect of organic compounds derived from biomass decay and/or produced by anammox and coexisting bacteria in the upper parts of the biofilm and in the upstream part of the reactor. The anammox activities in the biofilm determined by microelectrodes reflected the overall reactor performance. The several groups of aerobic AOB lineages, Nitrospira-like NOB, and Betaproteobacteria coexisting in the anammox biofilm might consume a trace amount of O2 or organic compounds, which consequently established suitable microenvironments for anammox bacteria.

scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals and personal care products’ (PPCPs) impact on enriched nitrifying cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Lopez ◽  
Mac-Anthony Nnorom ◽  
Yiu Fai Tsang ◽  
Charles W. Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) on the performance of biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been widely studied using whole-community approaches. These contaminants affect the capacity of microbial communities to transform nutrients; however, most have neither honed their examination on the nitrifying communities directly nor considered the impact on individual populations. In this study, six PPCPs commonly found in WWTPs, including a stimulant (caffeine), an antimicrobial agent (triclosan), an insect repellent ingredient (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)) and antibiotics (ampicillin, colistin and ofloxacin), were selected to assess their short-term toxic effect on enriched nitrifying cultures: Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. The results showed that triclosan exhibited the greatest inhibition on nitrification with EC50 of 89.1 μg L−1. From the selected antibiotics, colistin significantly affected the overall nitrification with the lowest EC50 of 1 mg L−1, and a more pronounced inhibitory effect on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) compared to nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The EC50 of ampicillin and ofloxacin was 23.7 and 12.7 mg L−1, respectively. Additionally, experimental data suggested that nitrifying bacteria were insensitive to the presence of caffeine. In the case of DEET, moderate inhibition of nitrification (<40%) was observed at 10 mg L−1. These findings contribute to the understanding of the response of nitrifying communities in presence of PPCPs, which play an essential role in biological nitrification in WWTPs. Knowing specific community responses helps develop mitigation measures to improve system resilience.

scholarly journals Development of Strategies for AOB and NOB Competition Supported by Mathematical Modeling in Terms of Successful Deammonification Implementation for Energy-Efficient WWTPs

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Mehdi Sharif Shourjeh ◽  
Przemysław Kowal ◽  
Xi Lu ◽  
Li Xie ◽  
Jakub Drewnowski
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

Novel technologies such as partial nitritation (PN) and partial denitritation (PDN) could be combined with the anammox-based process in order to alleviate energy input. The former combination, also noted as deammonification, has been intensively studied in a frame of lab and full-scale wastewater treatment in order to optimize operational costs and process efficiency. For the deammonification process, key functional microbes include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB), which coexisting and interact with heterotrophs and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The aim of the presented review was to summarize current knowledge about deammonification process principles, related to microbial interactions responsible for the process maintenance under varying operational conditions. Particular attention was paid to the factors influencing the targeted selection of AOB/AnAOB over the NOB and application of the mathematical modeling as a powerful tool enabling accelerated process optimization and characterization. Another reviewed aspect was the potential energetic and resources savings connected with deammonification application in relation to the technologies based on the conventional nitrification/denitrification processes.

scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) Impact Enriched Nitrifying Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Lopez ◽  
Mac-Anthony Nnorom ◽  
Yiu Fai Tsang ◽  
Charles W Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) on the performance of biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been widely studied using whole-community approaches. These contaminants affect the capacity of microbial communities to transform nutrients; however, most have neither honed their examination on the nitrifying communities directly nor considered the impact on individual populations. In this study, six PPCPs commonly found in WWTPs, including a stimulant (caffeine), an antimicrobial agent (triclosan), an insect repellent ingredient (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)), and antibiotics (ampicillin, colistin, and ofloxacin), were selected to assess their short-term toxic effect on enriched nitrifying cultures: Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. The results showed that triclosan exhibited the greatest inhibition on nitrification with EC50 of 89.1 µg L− 1. From the selected antibiotics, colistin significantly affected the overall nitrification with the lowest EC50 of 1 mg L− 1, and a more pronounced inhibitory effect on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) compared to nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The EC50 of ampicillin and ofloxacin were 22 and 12.7 mg L− 1, respectively. Additionally, experimental data suggested that nitrifying bacteria were insensitive to the presence of caffeine. In the case of DEET, moderate inhibition of nitrification (< 40%) was observed at the highest concentration tested. These findings contribute to the understanding of the response of nitrifying communities in presence of PPCPs, which play an essential role in biological nitrification in WWTPs. Knowing specific community responses helps develop mitigation measures to improve system resilience.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Related Activity in Baltimore Inner Harbor Sediment

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1816-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossi Tal ◽  
Joy E. M. Watts ◽  
Harold J. Schreier
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primer ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Harbor Sediment ◽  
Anammox Activity

ABSTRACT The discovery of bacteria capable of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) has generated interest in understanding the activity, diversity, and distribution of these bacteria in the environment. In this study anammox activity in sediment samples obtained from the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Md., was detected by 15N tracer assays. Anammox-specific oligonucleotide primer sets were used to screen a Planctomycetales-specific 16S rRNA gene library generated from sediment DNA preparations, and four new anammox bacterial sequences were identified. Three of these sequences form a cohesive new branch of the anammox group, and the fourth sequence branches separately from this group. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of sediment incubated with anammox-specific media confirmed the presence of the four anammox-related 16S rRNA gene sequences. Evidence for the presence of anammox bacteria in Inner Harbor sediment was also obtained by using an anammox-specific probe in fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anammox activity and related bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the Chesapeake Bay basin area, and the results suggest that this pathway plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle of this estuarine environment. Furthermore, the presence of these bacteria and their activity in sediment strengthen the contention that anammox-related Plactomycetales are globally distributed.

Determine the operational boundary of a pilot-scale single-stage partial nitritation/anammox system with granular sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2085-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandong Yang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Han ◽  
Shujun Zhang ◽  
Baikun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Partial Nitritation ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Microbial Analysis

The partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process has been applied to ammonium-rich wastewater treatment, but the operational boundary has not been well determined for long-term stability. This pilot-scale study was targeted at a single-stage PN/A process using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) (volume: 53 m3) and granulated activated sludge. The maximum nitrogen removal rate reached 0.83 kg N/(m3 · d). Microbial analysis suggested that ammonium oxidizing bacteria were mainly present in small sludge flocs while anammox bacteria were prone to grow in large sludge granules. The PN/A performance was enhanced when dissolved oxygen (DO) was increased from 0.25 to 0.76 mg/L, and deteriorated at DO higher than 1.15 mg/L. The PN/A was inhibited at free ammonia (FA) over 77.0 mg/L. High DO or FA concentrations inhibited anammox activity and further induced high and inhibitory nitrite concentrations. Therefore, appropriate DO and FA concentrations should be controlled to achieve single-stage PN/A in SBRs.

scholarly journals Ammonia-oxidizing archaea are integral to nitrogen cycling in a highly fertile agricultural soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laibin Huang ◽  
Seemanti Chakrabarti ◽  
Jennifer Cooper ◽  
Ana Perez ◽  
Sophia M. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractNitrification is a central process in the global nitrogen cycle, carried out by a complex network of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) bacteria, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Nitrification is responsible for significant nitrogen leaching and N2O emissions and thought to impede plant nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural systems. However, the actual contribution of each nitrifier group to net rates and N2O emissions remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that highly fertile agricultural soils with high organic matter mineralization rates could allow a detailed characterization of N cycling in these soils. Using a combination of molecular and activity measurements, we show that in a mixed AOA, AOB, and comammox community, AOA outnumbered low diversity assemblages of AOB and comammox 50- to 430-fold, and strongly dominated net nitrification activities with low N2O yields between 0.18 and 0.41 ng N2O–N per µg NOx–N in cropped, fallow, as well as native soil. Nitrification rates were not significantly different in plant-covered and fallow plots. Mass balance calculations indicated that plants relied heavily on nitrate, and not ammonium as primary nitrogen source in these soils. Together, these results imply AOA as integral part of the nitrogen cycle in a highly fertile agricultural soil.

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