scholarly journals Performance of chemically resistant polyurea reverse osmosis membrane in the treatment of highly alkaline industrial wastewater containing sodium aluminate

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 2259-2270
Author(s):  
Shaik Nazia ◽  
Sugali Chandra Sekhar ◽  
Veeriah Jegatheesan ◽  
Suresh K. Bhargava ◽  
Sundergopal Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Ro Membrane

Abstract The goal of the present study is to treat industrial wastewater containing sodium aluminate using a chemically inert polyurea (PU) based thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane to promote water reclamation and zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Pretreatment was carried out to reduce the pH of the effluent from 12.5 to 7.1. The TFC RO membrane was fabricated by coating PU on Polyethersulfone (PES) substrate by interfacial polymerization (IP). The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the membrane were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The indigenously synthesized membrane was effective in the removal of total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour and electrical conductivity. The experiments were conducted by varying the feed composition of the wastewater. The maximum water recovery and flux were found to be 74% and 73.9 L/m2·h. RO process using PU membrane exhibited significant potential for cost effective, safe and pollution-free treatment of sodium aluminate industrial effluent.

Sources of Pollution of the Estuary of the River Nervion, Spain – A Case Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 95-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Azkona ◽  
S H Jenkins ◽  
H M G Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Sulphide Concentration

This paper describes part of a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of the pollution of the estuary of the River Nervion, Bilbao, Spain. The objectives of the study were to determine the sources and loads of pollution from domestic sewage and industrial wastewater; provide information on the extent of pollution; formulate hydrodynamic and predictive models capable of forecasting the effects on the estuary of the anticipated growth of population and industry; determine the amount of polluting matter that would have to be removed in order to reach defined estuary water quality standards; arrive at suitable technical methods able to attain these standards at minimum cost; determine the treatability of wastewater discharges and recommend methods for controlling industrial wastewater. These objectives necessitated a survey of the pollution loads from domestic sources and industry which were discharged to the fresh water and tidal reaches of four major tributaries in addition to the main river Nervion; the results of this part of the survey are described in this paper. The presence of iron in discharges from iron ore mining and metal processing was found to aid flocculation of organic matter and the consequent deposition of sludge in the estuary. This action and the rate of oxygen uptake during the decomposition of such deposits are also described. The domestic sewage of the study area receives treatment in septic tanks before discharging to rivers or the estuary. In spite of free hydrogen sulphide and high concentrations being present in the septic tank effluents, odour nuisance does not occur, because, as is shown in the paper, of the formation of ferrous sulphide. The hydrogen sulphide concentration in the atmosphere at a pumping station was found to be above the safety level. The industrial load of impurity was estimated to be approximately 15% higher than the domestic load, but it is extremly difficult to find a rational basis on which comparisons may be made between domestic sewage and a mixture of industrial effluents containing substances inimical to biological activity. The industrial effluent was contained in a very large volume of water, much of it taken from the estuary for cooling or process water. It is calculated that if the industrial pollutants had been contained only in the fresh water used by industry the COD of the mixture would have been 1317 mg/l; the suspended solids 2143 mg/l; the ammonia nitrogen 191 mg/l; iron 1037 mg/l; other heavy metals 118 mg/l; fluoride as F 14.5 mg/l; cyanide as CN 8.1 mg/l; oil 196 mg/l; phenols 8.1 mg/l; mercury 0.13 mg/l; and the mixture would have had an excess of acidity of 5188 mg/l. An estimate of the load of substances having an oxygen demand indicated that of the total oxygen demand discharged to the system of rivers and estuary approximately 50% entered the estuary from the main tributaries, the remainder being discharged directly to the estuary. An outline is given of the methods that would be used to determine the treatability of industrial effluents which were rendered acceptable for discharge into public sewers.

scholarly journals Biguanidine functional chitooligosaccharide modified reverse osmosis membrane with improved anti-biofouling property

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (73) ◽  
pp. 41938-41949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Wang ◽  
Yixuan Zhou ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Jixiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Ro Membrane

The COSG-modified RO membrane with excellent anti-adhesive and antimicrobial properties was successfully fabricated by second interfacial polymerization.

Remediation of sewage and industrial effluent using bacterially assisted floating treatment wetlands vegetated with Typha domingensis

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2192-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Ijaz ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Typha Domingensis ◽  
Floating Treatment Wetlands

This investigation reports the quantitative assessment of endophyte-assisted floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for the remediation of sewage and industrial wastewater. Typha domingensis was used to vegetate FTWs that were subsequently inoculated with a consortium of pollutant-degrading and plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria. T. domingensis, being an aquatic species, holds excellent potential to remediate polluted water. Nonetheless, investigation conducted on Madhuana drain carrying industrial and sewage water from Faisalabad City revealed the percentage reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) to be 87% and 87.5%, respectively, within 96 h on coupling the plant species with a consortium of bacterial endophytes. With the endophytes surviving in plant tissue, maximal reduction was obtained in not only the aforementioned pollution parameters but for other major environmental quality parameters including nutrients (N and P), ions (Na+ and K+), Cl−, and SO42− as well, which showed percentage reductions up to 90%, 39%, 77%, 91.8%, 40%, and 60%, respectively. This significant improvement in polluted wastewater quality treated with the proposed method render it safe to be discharged freely in larger water bodies as per the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pakistan or to be reused safely for irrigation purposes; thus, FTWs provide a sustainable and affordable approach for in situ remediation of sewage and industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Effluent Treatment Technologies and Cost Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6752-6757
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
The Common

The Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) minimizes the pollution from industrial effluents. This plant monitors the reduction of physical and biochemical parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), heavy metals etc. The Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), a variation of the ASP, combines all the treatment steps and processes into a single basin. An improved SBR process is Attached Growth Batch Reactor (AGBR) technology that provisions for microbial growth on the settled media/bed to treat the industrial wastewater using enzymes. This technology, when used to treat polluted river water, achieved about 90% of reduction of wastewater parameters. Hence the same is envisioned for the treatment of industrial effluent. In all the above methods the sludge settlement occurs. It contains biodegradable carbon content which could be used as feed for Biogas Digesters to produce Methane. The present study aims at examining the benefits of combining AGBR and Biogas Digester to implement the 3Rs (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) [1]

scholarly journals Innovative Nanostructured Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleema Saleem ◽  
Syed Javaid Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Selective Layer ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Tfc Membrane ◽  
Ro Membrane

Reverse osmosis (RO) is considered as the most widely utilized technique worldwide for water treatment. However, the commercial thin-film composite (TFC) membranes, which are normally made of polyamide (PA) through interfacial polymerization (IP), still experience certain major issues in performance and fabrication. The spin assisted layer-by-layer (SA-LbL) technique was established for overcoming some drawbacks with commercially available PA membranes. Also, recent investigations have recognized the nanoparticle inclusion into the selective layer as a powerful technique for improving the membrane efficiency. Hence, two different methodologies are presented here to improve the membrane performance, i.e., (1) SA-LbL technique to fabricate TFC membrane by the deposition of alternate ultrathin layers of different polyelectrolytes on polysulfone (PSF) commercial ultrafiltration membrane and (2) the nanoclay incorporation into the membranes during IP process to develop TFC membrane. Two types of nanoclays, cloisite (CS)-15A and montmorillonite (MNT), were incorporated to enhance the separation efficiency. This SA-LbL is an innovative method for the RO membrane manufacture, and has not been described earlier to the best of our knowledge. In addition, this work validated for the first time, the efficiency of the two nanoclays at the PA selective layer in the RO membrane. The membrane performance was evaluated using sodium chloride solution in a cross-flow permeation-testing cell for salt rejection and water flux. The results show significant improvement in water flux and salt rejection. The permeation test of 120 bilayers of poly (allylaminehydrochloride)/poly (vinylsulfate) on PSF substrate showed water flux of 37 L/ (m2.h) and salt rejection of 53%, for a 2000-ppm salt solution feed. The highest water flux of 40 L/m2.h with 80% salt rejection, relative to the control membrane was obtained for the membranes containing nanoclays at 25oC temperature, 40.0 bar pressure and 2000 ppm feed concentration. Thus, our study demonstrated that these TFC membranes are promising, and these novel fabrication techniques are great tool to manufacture the RO membrane.

scholarly journals Regarding the rejection performance of a polymeric reverse osmosis membrane for the final purification of two-phase olive mill effluents previously treated by an advanced oxidation process

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
J. M. Ochando-Pulido ◽  
A. Martínez-Férez
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Ro Membrane ◽  
Olive Mill

In previous works on olive mill wastewater (OMW), secondary advanced oxidation treatment solved the problem related to the presence of phenolic compounds and considerable chemical oxygen demand. However, the effluent presented a significant salinity after this treatment. In this work, an adequate operation of a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is addressed to ensure constant performance over a long period of time. In this paper, the effect of the operating parameters on the dynamic membrane rejection performance towards the target species was examined and discussed. Rejection efficiencies of all species were observed to follow a similar pattern, which consisted of slight initial improvement that further decreased over time. Rejection of both divalent ions remained constant at over 99% regardless of the operating conditions. Rejections were noticed to follow the order SO42- > Cl- > NO3- and Ca2+ > Mg2+> K+> Na+, as a rule. Divalent species were moderately more highly rejected than monovalent ones, in accordance with their higher charge and molecular size, and sulfate anions were consistently rejected by over 99%. Finally, the RO membrane exiting treated effluent was depleted of the high electro conductivity initially present (above 97% rejection), permitting its re-use as good quality irrigation water (below 1 mS/cm).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of an industrial effluent from vegetable tannery processing of leather on batch reactors

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

<p>In this study, the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of the industrial wastewater from the vegetable tanning process were evaluated. Water from a food wastewater treatment system was used as seed inoculum for the aerobic process and mature granular methanogenic sludge from a brewery industrial wastewater plant was used for the anaerobic process. The water from the tanning industry had a biological to chemical oxygen demand ratio of 33% with values of total chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range of 342000 mg O2/L and total dissolved solids of 506595 mg/L. The assay of the tannery effluent under aerobic conditions resulted in a decrease of COD of 39.2% and a degradation of tannins lower than 12% after 26 days, while the anaerobic degradation showed a COD reduction of 65% with a 39% of degradation of tannins. The production of methane and Volatile Fatty Acids, during the anaerobic treatment, suggests a potential adaptation of biological organisms present in the mature anaerobic granular methanogenic sludge.</p>

scholarly journals A combination of reverse osmosis and electrodialysis to improve water recovery in industrial wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
M. Q. Gubari ◽  
N. V. Alexejewa ◽  
M. Y. Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Suspended Substances

The article discusses in detail the membrane processing of complex systems, reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) membranes. Currently, the development of industrial wastewater treatment technologies is of great interest to many researchers. This is due to the fact that the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries are becoming increasingly important in our lives, while exacerbating one of the most serious environmental problems, environmental pollution from industrial wastewater, which contains harmful substances in high concentrations. This study is devoted to the analysis of a new technology for the extraction of complex components from industrial wastewater, combining reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. Reverse osmosis systems are pressure controlled membrane separation processes. In contrast, an electrodialysis system is an electrochemical process that is commonly used industrially under normal atmospheric pressure. However, such membrane processes have a significant drawback, the working membranes are contaminated with suspended substances in the wastewater and lose their activity. Therefore, to maintain the activity of the membranes for a long time, it is necessary to pre-treat wastewater by removing suspended solids. The analysis of the recovered components opens up new perspectives for the recovery of industrial wastewater. There is a wide range of methods for pretreatment of water for reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. Ultrafiltration (UF) followed by reverse osmosis is an important process for separating organic and inorganic compounds from wastewater. This article discusses some of these methods. In conclusion, it should be noted that electrodialysis demonstrates remarkable technical advantages in the treatment of concentrated solution after RO.

Fouling in reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in water recovery from secondary effluent: a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Raj Pandey ◽  
Veeriah Jegatheesan ◽  
Kanagaratnam Baskaran ◽  
Li Shu
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Ro Membrane

scholarly journals Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Model Water and Car Shock Absorber Factory Effluent by Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Mnif ◽  
Imen Bejaoui ◽  
Meral Mouelhi ◽  
Béchir Hamrouni
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membrane ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
Model Water

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis are investigated as a possible alternative to the conventional methods of Cr(VI) removal from model water and industrial effluent. The influences of feed concentration, water recovery, pH, and the coexisting anions were studied. The results have shown that retention rates of hexavalent chromium can reach 99.7% using nanofiltration membrane (NF-HL) and vary from 85 to 99.9% using reverse osmosis membrane (RO-SG) depending upon the composition of the solution and operating conditions. This work was also extended to investigate the separation of Cr(VI) from car shock absorber factory effluent. The use of these membranes is very promising for Cr(VI) water treatment and desalting industry effluent. Spiegler-Kedem model was applied to experimental results in the aim to determine phenomenological parameters, the reflection coefficient of the membrane (σ), and the solute permeability coefficient (Ps). The convective and diffusive parts of the mass transfer were quantified with predominance of the diffusive contribution.

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