scholarly journals Creating zones in administrative districts located in the Russian arctic region specific as per threats of cattle burials decay due to permafrost degradation

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
B.A. Revich ◽  
◽  
D.A. Shaposhnikov ◽  
S.R. Raichich ◽  
S.A. Saburova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Relative Hazard ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Research Goal

Climatic changes have already resulted and will continue to result in gradual degradation of active upper layers in permafrost due to increased average air temperature in summer. Anthrax is an example of a climate-depending bacterial infection; anthrax agent creates spores that remain viable for a long period of time they spend in cryptobiosis in permafrost. Apparent permafrost degradation is already detected in most arctic regions in Russia and it can lead to anthrax burials decay thus creating elevated risks of the infection among farm animals and people who live on these territories. Our research goal was to create specific zones in municipal districts via combining data on permafrost, number of anthrax cattle burials, ascending trends in average long-term temperatures, and population density. We developed two relative hazard coefficients for characterizing anthrax outbreaks probability for animals and local population. Basing on numeric values obtained for these two coefficients, 70 administrative districts located in 15 RF subjects in the Arctic zone were listed in a descending order as per risks of the infection occurrence. We created two score scales showing relative hazard; they indicated that the highest population risk was typical for urban districts as population density there was much high than in rural ones. Our calculations should be helpful for determining priorities when preventive activities are developed on arctic and sub-arctic territories that are endemic as per anthrax. It is also important to obtain an actual list of cattle burials and to develop spatial-time models showing anthrax outbreaks occurrence taking into account climatic warming and permafrost degradation.

scholarly journals Creating zones in administrative districts located in the Russian arctic region specific as per threats of cattle burials decay due to permafrost degradation

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
B.A. Revich ◽  
◽  
D.A. Shaposhnikov ◽  
S.R. Raichich ◽  
S.A. Saburova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Relative Hazard ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Research Goal

Climatic changes have already resulted and will continue to result in gradual degradation of active upper layers in permafrost due to increased average air temperature in summer. Anthrax is an example of a climate-depending bacterial infection; anthrax agent creates spores that remain viable for a long period of time they spend in cryptobiosis in permafrost. Apparent permafrost degradation is already detected in most arctic regions in Russia and it can lead to anthrax burials decay thus creating elevated risks of the infection among farm animals and people who live on these territories. Our research goal was to create specific zones in municipal districts via combining data on permafrost, number of anthrax cattle burials, ascending trends in average long-term temperatures, and population density. We developed two relative hazard coefficients for characterizing anthrax outbreaks probability for animals and local population. Basing on numeric values obtained for these two coefficients, 70 administrative districts located in 15 RF subjects in the Arctic zone were listed in a descending order as per risks of the infection occurrence. We created two score scales showing relative hazard; they indicated that the highest population risk was typical for urban districts as population density there was much high than in rural ones. Our calculations should be helpful for determining priorities when preventive activities are developed on arctic and sub-arctic territories that are endemic as per anthrax. It is also important to obtain an actual list of cattle burials and to develop spatial-time models showing anthrax outbreaks occurrence taking into account climatic warming and permafrost degradation.

scholarly journals Labour Potential of the Arctic Regions of the European Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
V. A. Shamakhov ◽  
N. M. Mezhevich ◽  
Yu. V. Romashkina ◽  
S. V. Tishkov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Labour Potential ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
Labor Potential

The work considered the possibilities and directions of evolution of demographic development of the Arctic region, analyzed some characteristics of the labor potential of the population living in the Arctic regions of the European part of Russia.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of attracting the local population and the need to employment specialists from other regions of Russia for the development of the Arctic.To achieve the goal of the study, general scientifi methods were used — the collection and analysis of data from state statistics and sample surveys. The use of a systematic approach made it possible to comprehensively assess the situation on the territory under study and substantiate the possibilities for its development.Analysis of the quantitative characteristics of the labor potential of the studied regions showed a stable negative dynamics throughout the post-Soviet period. A number of reasons have been identifi  that contribute to the outfl   of population from the Arctic regions, the most important of which are the low standard of living compared to the Russian average, as well as the ineff     functioning of the mechanisms of northern guarantees and compensation. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of labor potential, in particular, the level of education of the population can be increased due to the existing educational potential of neighboring regions.Conclusions about the need to attract people from the regions of the middle zone of Russia for the Arctic are made.

PRINCIPLES OF ALGORITHMIC FORMATION IN DESIGNING RESIDENTIAL UNITS FOR TEMPORARY ARCTIC SETTLEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
D. Zhukovskaya ◽  
A. Ivchenko
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
The Arctic Region

One of the special aspects of the Arctic region is the predominance of the rotational settlement. This article studies the types and principles of the formation of settlement systems in the Arctic zones as well as the factors that form the subject-spatial decisions in them. A distinctive characteristic of this form is the "sprouting" of domiciled settlements from temporary settlements as well as the simultaneous appearance of such a phenomenon as "dead cities". This influenced many life areas of the local population: from urban planning plans and housing construction technologies to the peculiarities of formation of subcultures and regional identity. By the example of subject-spatial complexes of temporary mobile settlements in the Arctic region, it is proposed to consider the time cycle as an object of design and its impact on the socio-cultural aspect of the life of the foreign-born population. A design concept for the self-organization of the system in the life cycle was proposed. Methods of spatial modeling were considered on the example of an engineering system for object modeling, where the feature is the presence of unified modular elements with an original mechanical detachable interface. The study used the methods of historical, cultural, and systems analysis, a systematic approach to design, scenario modeling, conceptual forecasting based on synergetic theory (theory of self-organization of systems), structural and spatial modeling.

scholarly journals Development of a system for automated control of oil transportation in the Arctic region to prevent the formation of paraffin deposits in pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 07004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kopteva ◽  
Vladimir Koptev ◽  
Vadim Malarev ◽  
Taisiya Ushkova
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Measuring Unit

The paper introduces a unique methodology of preventing and controlling the formation of paraffin deposits in oil pipelines, which is a matter of urgency in regions with negative temperatures, including the Arctic regions. The paper presents the configuration and specific parameters of the developed measuring unit. The proposed measuring unit is capable of detecting the formation of a paraffin layer during its early stages and predicting its composition. Simultaneous use of two radioisotope sensors allows increasing the performance capabilities of the measuring unit, namely to detect the formation of a paraffin layer in the early stages and to issue a signal to amplify the control signal to control the oil pipeline paraffinisation. In addition, the use of a radioisotope unit instead of a single sensor will increase the accuracy of component-wise flow rate measurement, by making an allowance for paraffin deposits formation. The use of customized information processing algorithms also allows determining oil viscosity with high accuracy. The paper deals with an optimization of a system for automated control of a promising method of electric heating via the skin-cables, wherein safety factors of up to 36% are currently used, i.e. in most cases, 1/3 excess electric power is generated. The safety of using the radioisotope measuring technique is proven.

scholarly journals Issues of providing solid fuel to the Arctic regions of Yakutia and their solutions based on the potential development of the local raw material base

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Vladislav Igorevich FEDOROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Northern Regions

Relevance. The interest of science and practice in the large-scale development of subarctic and arctic territories, in particular the Russian Far East and Siberia, has sharply increased in the world. Coal enterprises in remote and inaccessible areas of the region in the face of intense inter-fuel competition are faced with the need to comprehensively increase production efficiency. The successful solution of these problems is counteracted by a complex of unfavorable factors, which, compared with the regions of traditional subsoil use, significantly increase the cost of any activity and predetermine high specific energy consumption in conditions of increased risks of various nature. They are most pronounced in the northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with their extreme natural and climatic conditions, where due to the simultaneous effect of the low level of infrastructure development; very complex logistics; seasonality and discrepancies in the delivery of goods by water and road; scattered across a huge area of a small number of settlements, etc. there is a sharp complication of the conditions for the normal provision of all types of resources used. The priorities here are normal functioning of the local population, improving energy and environmental safety with acceptable economic and social efficiency. Purpose of the work: to substantiate the need and the possibility of adjusting geotechnological solutions when mining coal deposits with open pits of small and ultra-low thickness when they operate as part of local fuel and energy complexes to increase the efficiency and safety of deliveries to remote areas and improve the quality of coal shipped. Method of research. Generalization and analysis of scientific and technical literature. Using the method of analogy the selection of criteria for creation of micro-sections for coal mining in the Arctic regions of Yakutia and the effectiveness of their implementation in the system of providing solid fuel to consumers in hard-to-reach areas were made. Research results. A solid fuel supply scheme is proposed that meets the coal needs of remote areas of Yakutia, which is based on the concept of creating new local small coal mines near consumers to replace the existing expensive, complex and unreliable scheme. A complex of geotechnical criteria and boundary conditions oriented to small coal openings is presented, on the basis of which it is possible to reveal resource-saving, technical and technological capabilities of the chain, economically acceptable and environmentally efficient development of coal deposits. Link optimization can result from the immediate horizontal and vertical integration of small open cuts in the coal supply chain to consumers. Conclusions. The development of local deposits is one of the ways to increase the stability of the solid fuel supply chain to consumers, as well as the energy security of the inaccessible northern regions of Yakutia and support their economic and social development.

scholarly journals Revisiting Russian Presidency in the Arctic Council

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Valery Zhuravel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Shift Method ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
And Control

The article notes that in the period of preparation for the chairmanship of the Arctic Council (2021–2023), in order to further develop the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, new strategic documents, a package of benefits and preferences for business development were prepared and approved, measures were taken for the sustainable development of indigenous peoples, and to increase the role of science in Arctic research. The author draws attention to some unsolved problems of socio-economic development of the Arctic region (outflow of the population, especially young people; shortcomings of the organization of the shift method of work and centralized coordination and control of state orders and supplies to the population of hard-to-reach Arctic regions; violation of environmental requirements). It is emphasized that Russia assumes the post of chairman of the Arctic Council at a difficult time: the coronavirus pandemic, political tensions in relations with the West, including on issues of management and security of the Arctic, economic sanctions from the Arctic states, which creates certain difficulties in the activities in the Arctic direction. The author concludes that the developed program, the plan of main events, the activity of ministries and departments in the next 2 years will allow us to successfully cope with the chairmanship, show our foreign colleagues all the best that is available in the Russian Far North, and contribute to the strengthening of the Arctic Council.

scholarly journals Formation of the ethnocultural autonomy of children with ethno-pedagogical values of arctic peoples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Ivanovna Baisheva ◽  
Irina Stepanovna Alekseeva ◽  
Tatiana Alekseevna Makarova ◽  
Anna Vasilievna Permyakova ◽  
Tamara Leonidovna Ilinova
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Indigenous Methodology ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Harsh Conditions

The article examines the potential of the ethnocultural environment and values related to the upbringing of the younger generation in extremely harsh conditions of the Arctic for preservation of the gene pool of ethnic groups. The research goal was to study the ethnocultural values of Arctic peoples related to the upbringing of a spiritually developed person and to form ethnocultural autonomy of preschoolers on this basis. The research basis was indigenous methodology, integrative, ethno-pedagogical, activity, axiological, cultural, and learner-centered approaches. The article presents the results of a longitudinal study carried out in experimental sites over the period from 1992 to 1995 and from 2011 to 2021. The obtained scientific, theoretical, and empirical results of the study enrich the theory and practice of raising children in line with the ethnocultural values of Arctic peoples. They can be successfully applied in educational organizations of the Arctic regions.

scholarly journals Russian Arctic region energy balance (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 02005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Zakharov ◽  
Dmitry Prokhorov ◽  
Nikita Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
State Budgets ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technological Platform

The Arctic territories have a low population density due to the severity of the climate. Nevertheless, the indigenous people have been living in the Arctic for centuries. Ensuring their energy security is a complex technical task and at the same time is one of the significant costs of regional state budgets. The article analyzes the energy balance of the Arctic administrative regions of the largest region of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Potential optimization of energy balance while maintaining the existing technological platform.

The Arctic Rain on Snow Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Barrett ◽  
Mark Serreze
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
The Arctic Region

<p><span>When rain falls on an existing cover of snow, followed by low temperatures, or falls as freezing rain, it can leave a hard crust. These Arctic rain on snow (ROS) events can profoundly influence the physical environment, animals, and human livelihoods. Impacts can be immediate (e.g., on human travel, herding, or harvesting) or evolve or accumulate, leading, for example, to massive starvation-induced die offs of reindeer, caribou and musk oxen. </span><span>The</span><span> international Arctic Rain on Snow Study (AROSS) </span><span>will detect and catalogue </span><span>ROS events, and </span><span>study </span><span>their impacts, addressing human-environment relationships, </span><span>associated </span><span>meteorological conditions, and challenges in their detection. We offer a path forward to anticipate and mitigate impacts through knowledge co-production. </span><span>Although</span><span> ROS events </span><span>can be detected</span><span>, </span><span>and </span><span>their intensity and trends across the Arctic region </span><span>evaluated </span><span>by combining data from satellite remote sensing, atmospheric reanalyses and meteorological station records, information most germane to impacts, such as the thickness of ice layers, how ice layers form within a snowpack, and antecedent conditions that can amplify impacts, can only be obtained through collaboration with local and Indigenous knowledge-holders.</span></p>

scholarly journals ‘Ancient lore with modern appliances’: networks, expertise, and the making of the Open Polar Sea, 1851–1853

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Nanna Katrine Lüders Kaalund ◽  
John Woitkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Exploration ◽  
Epistemic Objects ◽  
Arctic Science

Abstract This article provides a transnational analysis of the campaigns for the organization of expeditions to the central Arctic region by the American explorer Elisha Kent Kane and the Prussian cartographer August Petermann between 1851 and 1853. By adopting a comparative approach, this study focuses on three interventions in the history of Arctic science and exploration: the construction of scientific expertise surrounding the relationship between the ‘armchair’ and the field, the role of transnational networks, and the significance of maps as travelling epistemic objects in the production of knowledge about the Arctic regions. In bringing both campaigns in conversation with each other, this article demonstrates that the histories of Kane's and Petermann's campaigns did not constitute isolated episodes but form part of a transnational nexus of imperial science and Arctic exploration in the nineteenth century. Moreover, based on research in libraries and archives in the United States, Germany and England, this study reconnects otherwise siloed collections and contributes new findings on the interpersonal networks of science and exploration. Finally, this article illustrates the importance of adopting comparative transnational approaches for understanding the fluid and reciprocal nature of Arctic science throughout the transatlantic world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document