Serum Vitamin D and Cingulate Cortex Thickness in Older Adults: Quantitative MRI of the Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzague Foucault ◽  
Guillaume T Duval ◽  
Romain Simon ◽  
Olivier Beauchet ◽  
Mickael Dinomais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with brain changes, and cognitive and mobility declines in older adults. Method: Two hundred and fifteen Caucasian older community-dwellers (mean±SD, 72.1±5.5years; 40% female) received a blood test and brain MRI. The thickness of perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, midcingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex was measured using FreeSurfer from T1-weighted MR images. Age, gender, education, BMI, mean arterial pressure, comorbidities, use of vitamin D supplements or anti-vascular drugs, MMSE, GDS, IADL, serum calcium and vitamin B9 concentrations, creatinine clearance were used as covariables. Results: Participants with vitamin D insufficiency (n=80) had thinner total cingulate thickness than the others (24.6±1.9mm versus 25.3±1.4mm, P=0.001); a significant difference found for all 3 regions. Vitamin D insufficiency was cross-sectionally associated with a decreased total cingulate thickness (β=- 0.49, P=0.028). Serum 25OHD concentration correlated positively with the thickness of perigenual anterior (P=0.011), midcingulate (P=0.013) and posterior cingulate cortex (P=0.021). Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency was associated with thinner cingulate cortex in the studied sample of older adults. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiology of cognitive and mobility declines in older adults with vitamin D insufficiency.

scholarly journals Correlation between Traits of Emotion-Based Impulsivity and Intrinsic Default-Mode Network Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jizheng Zhao ◽  
Dardo Tomasi ◽  
Corinde E. Wiers ◽  
Ehsan Shokri-Kojori ◽  
Şükrü B. Demiral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Negative urgency (NU) and positive urgency (PU) are implicated in several high-risk behaviors, such as eating disorders, substance use disorders, and nonsuicidal self-injury behavior. The current study aimed to explore the possible link between trait of urgency and brain activity at rest. We assessed the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal in 85 healthy volunteers. Trait urgency measures were related to ALFF in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral and dorsal medial frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. In addition, trait urgency measures showed significant correlations with the functional connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus seed with the thalamus and midbrain region. These findings suggest an association between intrinsic brain activity and impulsive behaviors in healthy humans.

scholarly journals Effect of Ketamine on Human Neurochemistry in Posterior Cingulate Cortex: A Pilot Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study at 3 Tesla

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Bednarik ◽  
Benjamin Spurny ◽  
Leo R. Silberbauer ◽  
Alena Svatkova ◽  
Patricia A. Handschuh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

Ketamine is a powerful glutamatergic long-lasting antidepressant, efficient in intractable major depression. Whereas ketamine’s immediate psychomimetic side-effects were linked to glutamate changes, proton MRS (1H-MRS) showed an association between the ratio of glutamate and glutamine and delayed antidepressant effect emerging ∼2 h after ketamine administration. While most 1H-MRS studies focused on anterior cingulate, recent functional MRI connectivity studies revealed an association between ketamine’s antidepressant effect and disturbed connectivity patterns to the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and related PCC dysfunction to rumination and memory impairment involved in depressive pathophysiology. The current study utilized the state-of-the-art single-voxel 3T sLASER 1H-MRS methodology optimized for reproducible measurements. Ketamine’s effects on neurochemicals were assessed before and ∼3 h after intravenous ketamine challenge in PCC. Concentrations of 11 neurochemicals, including glutamate (CRLB ∼ 4%) and glutamine (CRLB ∼ 13%), were reliably quantified with the LCModel in 12 healthy young men with between-session coefficients of variation (SD/mean) <8%. Also, ratios of glutamate/glutamine and glutamate/aspartate were assessed as markers of synaptic function and activated glucose metabolism, respectively. Pairwise comparison of metabolite profiles at baseline and 193 ± 4 min after ketamine challenge yielded no differences. Minimal detectable concentration differences estimated with post hoc power analysis (power = 80%, alpha = 0.05) were below 0.5 μmol/g, namely 0.39 μmol/g (∼4%) for glutamate, 0.28 μmol/g (∼10%) for Gln, ∼14% for glutamate/glutamine and ∼8% for glutamate/aspartate. Despite the high sensitivity to detect between-session differences in glutamate and glutamine concentrations, our study did not detect delayed glutamatergic responses to subanesthetic ketamine doses in PCC.

Altered Brain Regional Homogeneity in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetics: A functional MRI Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (11) ◽  
pp. 737-744
Author(s):  
Yiyong Liu ◽  
Lin Shi ◽  
Xiubao Song ◽  
Changzheng Shi ◽  
Wutao Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Left Insula

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate regional homogeneity in the first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients. Methods Seventy-eight subjects, including 26 type 2 diabetes patients, 26 first-degree relatives, and 26 healthy controls, were assessed. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. The estimated regional homogeneity value was used to evaluate differences in brain activities. Results In first-degree relatives, we observed significantly decreased regional homogeneity in the left anterior cingulate cortex, left insula, and bilateral temporal lobes, and increased regional homogeneity in the left superior frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex compared to healthy controls. In type 2 diabetes patients, we detected altered regional homogeneity in the left anterior cingulate cortex, left insula, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and several other brain regions compared to healthy controls. Both first-degree relatives and type 2 diabetes patients showed decreased regional homogeneity in the left superior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left anterior cingulate cortex, left insula, and increased regional homogeneity in the left superior frontal gyrus and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex. Conclusion These findings suggest that altered regional homogeneity in the left anterior cingulate cortex, left insula, left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral temporal lobes might be a neuroimaging biomarker of type 2 diabetes -related brain dysfunction.

scholarly journals Cingulate cortex: a closer look at its gut-related functional topography

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. G722-G730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Lawal ◽  
Mark Kern ◽  
Arthi Sanjeevi ◽  
Candy Hofmann ◽  
Reza Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

Earlier studies have documented activation of the cingulate cortex during gut related sensory-motor function. However, topography of the cingulate cortex in relationship to various levels of visceromotor sensory stimuli and gender is not completely elucidated. The aim was to characterize and compare the activation topography of the cingulate cortex in response to 1) subliminal, 2) perceived rectal distensions, and 3) external anal sphincter contraction (EASC) in males and females. We studied 18 healthy volunteers (ages 18–35 yr; 10 women, 8 men) using functional MRI blood-oxygenation-level-dependent technique. We obtained 11 axial slices (voxel vol. 2.5–6.0 × 2.5 × 2.5 mm3) through the cingulate cortex during barostat-controlled subliminal, liminal, and supraliminal nonpainful rectal distensions as well as EASC. Overall, for viscerosensation, the anterior cingulate cortex exhibited significantly more numbers of activated cortical voxels for all levels of stimulations compared with the posterior cingulate cortex ( P < 0.05). In contrast, during EASC, activity in the posterior cingulate was larger than in the anterior cingulate cortex ( P < 0.05). Cingulate activation was similar during EASC in males and females ( P = 0.58), whereas there was a gender difference in anterior cingulate activation during liminal and supraliminal stimulations ( P < 0.05). In females, viscerosensory cortical activity response was stimulus-intensity dependent. Intestinal viscerosensation and EASC induce different patterns of cingulate cortical activation. There may be gender differences in cingulate cortical activation during viscerosensation. In contrast to male subjects, females exhibit increased activity in response to liminal nonpainful stimulation compared with subliminal stimulation suggesting differences in cognition-related recruitment.

The cingulate cortex

2020 ◽  
pp. 447-463
Author(s):  
Edmund T. Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Midcingulate Cortex ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Premotor Areas

The cingulate cortex is involved in action-outcome learning. The concept is that posterior cingulate cortex action-related information received from the parietal cortex is brought together in the cingulate cortex with the anterior cingulate cortex reward outcome-related information received from the orbitofrontal cortex, and via the midcingulate cortex the result of action-outcome learning can influence premotor areas. In addition, the posterior cingulate cortex has major connectivity with the parahippocampal cortex, which in turn projects spatial information to the entorhinal cortex and thereby into the hippocampal episodic memory system. The posterior cingulate cortex thus provides a route for spatial including visuo-spatial information to reach the hippocampus, where it can be combined with object and reward-related information to form episodic memories.

scholarly journals Developmental Trajectories of Cortical Thickness in Relation to Schizotypy During Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1306-1316
Author(s):  
Mélodie Derome ◽  
Emiliana Tonini ◽  
Daniela Zöller ◽  
Marie Schaer ◽  
Stephan Eliez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

Abstract Investigating potential gray matter differences in adolescents presenting higher levels of schizotypy personality traits could bring further insights into the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Research has yet to examine the morphological correlates of schizotypy features during adolescence prospectively, and no information is available on the developmental trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. We employed mixed model regression analysis to investigate developmental trajectories of cortical thickness (CT) in relation to schizotypy dimensions in a cohort of 109 adolescents from the general population for whom MRI-scans were acquired over a 5-year period, culminating in a total of 271 scans. Structural data were processed with FreeSurfer software, statistical analyses were conducted using mixed regression models following a ROI-based approach, and schizotypy was assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Accelerated thinning was observed in the posterior cingulate cortex in relation to high levels of positive schizotypy, whereas high levels of disorganized schizotypy were associated with a similar trajectory pattern in the anterior cingulate cortex. The developmental course of CT in the prefrontal, occipital, and cingulate cortices differed between adolescents expressing higher vs lower levels of negative schizotypy. Participants reporting high scores on all schizotypy dimensions were associated with differential trajectories of CT in posterior cingulate cortex and occipital cortex. Consistently with prospective developmental studies of clinical risk conversion, the negative schizotypy dimension appears to constitute the most informative dimension for psychosis-related psychopathology, as its cerebral correlates in adolescents most closely overlap with results found in clinical high risk for psychosis studies.

Abstract TP457: Brain Functional Alterations in Patients With Leukoaraiosis Associated Mild Cognitive Impairment

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Yu Mei Zhang ◽  
Yong Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and aims: Recent studies demonstrated that a signal change of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in certain brain areas during the resting state is a significant marker in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the research of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) on leukoaraiosis (LA) associated MCI is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate differences of the rs-fMRI default network between patients with LA-associated MCI and normal subjects, and provide functional imaging evidence of LA-associated MCI during early stages of the disease. Method: All subjects were outpatients or thier residents of the Department of Neurology of the Beijing Tiantan Hospital. They were divided into MCI group and control group according to their cognitive function assessing by the Hamilton Depression Scale, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Demographic information was recorded. Brain MRI characteristics were assessed using the Fazekas scale. The independent components of fMRI data were analyzed by fMRI tool box. The experimental data and confounding factors were analyzed by General Liner Model. Results: A total of 31 right-handed patients with LA-associated MCI and 27 right-handed healthy control subjects were included. The active areas participating in the resting state for LA-associated MCI group were mostly consistent with those of the control group. Compared with controls, the LA-associated MCI patients exhibited significantly lower blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the left anterior cingulate cortex (P=0.021) and right parahippocampal gyrus (P=0.032). Whereas higher BOLD signals during the resting state in LA-associated MCI patients were observed in the left caudate nucleus (P=0.015), right frontal lobe (P=0.004), superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus (P=0.001), No significant difference was shown in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus (P=0.138). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the discriminating functional activation in specific brain areas could be identified in patients with LA-associated MCI, which might be used as an useful neuroimaging evidence for the early recognition of these patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of vitamin D (25OHD) status between fertile and infertile men

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Khaleda Nasreen ◽  
Shakeela Ishrat ◽  
Jesmine Banu ◽  
Parveen Fatima ◽  
Selina Afroz Ansary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Vitamin D (25OHD) deficiency has become a modern-day epidemic, being the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. Many infertile men are experiencing low total sperm count or different semen abnormalities. The aim of this study was to compare serum vitamin D (25OHD) status among fertile and infertile men.Methods: This was an observational (cross sectional comparative) study and was conducted in the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from April 2019 to March 2020. The sample size was 112 men where 56 participants were in fertile men group and 56 participants were infertile men group. Statistical analyses were carried out by using Windows based Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 23.0).Results: The predictability of vitamin D insufficiency was significant. Holding the effects of vitamin D deficiency constant, males with vitamin D insufficiency were 3.28 times more likely to be infertile than males with vitamin D sufficiency. Subgroup analysis of infertile men was done regarding semen parameters in different vitamin D status categories. There was statistically significant difference in semen volume and sperm concentration between infertile men of different vitamin D status but no significant difference in case of motility and morphology.Conclusions: There was no significant different of serum vitamin D (25OHD) between fertile and infertile men. Men with vitamin D insufficiency (≥20 ng/ml to <30 ng/ml) are more likely to be infertile than men with vitamin D sufficiency. 

scholarly journals Task‐related changes in degree centrality and local coherence of the posterior cingulate cortex after major cardiac surgery in older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 985-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey N. Browndyke ◽  
Miles Berger ◽  
Patrick J. Smith ◽  
Todd B. Harshbarger ◽  
Zachary A. Monge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Local Coherence
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