Antidiabetic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus glomerata (L.) Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Mohini C. Upadhye ◽  
Uday Deokate ◽  
Rohini Pujari ◽  
Vishnu Thakare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals BrazilianMorus nigraAttenuated Hyperglycemia, Dyslipidemia, and Prooxidant Status in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanildo I. da S. Júnior ◽  
Humberto de Moura Barbosa ◽  
Débora C. R. Carvalho ◽  
Ruideglan de Alencar Barros ◽  
Flávia Peixoto Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Morus Nigra

Morus nigrahas been used popularly for several proposes, including diabetic. In an attempt to support medicinal value, the acute hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects of the ethanolic extract ofMorus nigra(EEMn 200 or 400 mg/kg b.w.) were evaluated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic treated for 14 days. Serum biochemical and antioxidant analysis were performed at the end of experiment. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 10th and 15th days. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC-DAD of EEMn was performed. Insulin was used as positive control to glycemic metabolism as well as fenofibrate to lipid metabolism. EEMn (400 mg/kg/day) reduced fasting and postprandial glycaemia, improved oral glucose tolerance, and reduced lipolysis and proteolysis in diabetic rats. EEMn decreased the blood levels of total cholesterol and increased HDL level when compared to the diabetic control rats. At higher levels, EEMn reduced triglycerides and VLDL levels in diabetic rats. Also, EEMn reduced malondialdehyde and increased the reduced glutathione levels in liver of diabetic rats. Chromatographic analysis identified the presence of the flavonoids rutin, isoquercetin, and kaempferitrin. Acute EEMn treatment reduced hyperglycemia, improved oral glucose tolerance, and minimized dyslipidemia and oxidative stress leading to a reduction in atherogenic index in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Antihyperglycemic Effects of Tragia plukenetii Ethanolic Extract

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 2436-2440
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Sama ◽  
Rajini T ◽  
Humera Afrooz ◽  
Balaraju P ◽  
B. Madhava Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Activity ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Plants represent a major potential source of drugs for treating diabetes. The study of plants having antidiabetic activity may give a new approach in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Tragia plukenetii is traditionally claimed to be useful in the treatment of diabetes. The present study was intended to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous ethanolic extract on normal fasted, glucose loaded and alloxan induced diabetic rats, at an oral dose of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg in male Wistar rats. The alcoholic extract has not produced any hypoglycemia in normal fasted rats. The ethanolic extract has displayed a significant dose dependent antihyperglycemic activity in oral glucose tolerance test and in alloxan induced diabetic rats at an oral dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg. The ethanolic extract has effectively scavenged the stable free DPPH radical in-vitro. It is concluded that Tragia plukenetii aerial parts alcoholic extract is effective in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.

The Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Hyperlipidemia effect of Citrus maxima Fruit Peel extract in Streptozotocin - Induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 5355-5358
Author(s):  
Shaimaa M. Mohammed ◽  
Afnan E. Abd-Almonuim ◽  
Ahmed Majeed ◽  
Haithm Khlaf
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Citrus Maxima

The ethanol extract of Citrus maxima fruit peel was evaluated for its hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic activity in normal and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, using fasting and glucose tolerance test measurements. Experiments were performed using Thirty-Two Male Wister albino rats randomly divided into 4 groups and each group have 8 animals. Group1 assigned as a control injected with normal saline only. Group 2 assigned as a diabetic control injected with Streptozotocin 50mg/Kg, Group 3 assigned for diabetic + Citrus maxima in a dose of 400mg/Kg, Group 4 is assigned for the diabetic + Citrus maxima in a dose of 600mg/Kg. The Streptozotocin is injected intraperitonially to all animal in the groups except the control group. Blood samples were collected from animal before and at 21th day end of the study period. Body weight, blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and HDL cholesterol were analysed using diagnostic kits. Serum was separated from blood samples collected. In addition oral glucose tolerance test was performed in overnight fasted control animals. Results showed that Citrus maxima extract possesses significant antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by decreasing blood glucose levels, maintaining body weight, and serum lipid concentrations to approximate normal level. Furthermore, the extract of the title plant possesses dose dependent antidiabetic activity.

Design and Discovery of Novel 1,3,5-Triazines as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor against Diabetes

Pharmacology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xialian Tang ◽  
Lianghong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

This study aims at synthesizing novel di-morpholine 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as antidiabetic agent via inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The molecules were developed via sequential nucleophilic reaction to afford target derivatives 5(a–f) and subsequently tested for inhibitory potency against DPP iso-enzymes, such as DPP-4, DPP-8, and DPP-9. The in vitro inhibition assay suggested that these derivatives prominently and selectively inhibit DPP-4 over ­DPP-8 and DPP-9. These molecules also showed no presence of cardiotoxicity, as confirmed by no activity against human Ether-à-go-go related gene channel. The study disclosed compound 5c as the most potent inhibitor of DPP-4 with IC50 of 1.10 nmol/L as compared to the standard. Compound 5c was further evaluated for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and antidiabetic activity in ICR mice and Wistar rats, respectively. In OGTT, compound 5c showed dose-dependent ­improvement of glucose tolerance with a maximum at 30 mg/kg. It also showed reduction in area under the curve from 0 to 120 min, similar to alogliptin (standard). In Wistar rats, compound 5c causes reduction in the blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL level as compared to the diabetic control group, whereas the level of high-density lipoprotein was found to be increased. Compound 5c causes improvement in antioxidant defense mechanism, as confirmed via improving superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reducing the malondialdehyde level as compared to normal control group rats.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Punica granatum Leaves in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Shinu Pottathil ◽  
Parminder Nain ◽  
Mohamed A. Morsy ◽  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose

The current study aimed to establish the mechanisms of antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Punica granatum leaves (MEPGL) in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Phytochemical screening, HPLC analysis, and acute toxicity study of MEPGL were carried out. Various concentrations of MEPGL (100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) were administered orally to diabetic rats for 45 days on a daily basis. The antidiabetic effect of MEPGL was examined by measuring blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as with an oral glucose tolerance test. The antioxidant effect of MEPGL was determined by analyzing hepatic and renal antioxidant markers, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation. The other biochemical markers alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine, as well as total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were also studied. Type 2 diabetes significantly altered these parameters, while oral administration of the MEPGL significantly ameliorated them. Moreover, the pancreatic histopathological changes were attenuated with MEPGL treatment. In a nutshell, oral MEPGL administration in diabetic rats showed antidiabetic activity due to its antioxidant activity, most probably due to the gallic acid, ellagic acid, and apigenin found in MEPGL.

Antidiabetic Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Barringtonia acutangula Linn. Root on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164
Author(s):  
Nilesh P Babre ◽  
Subal Debnath ◽  
Manjunath S Y ◽  
Malla Reddy V ◽  
Murlidharan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Reaction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Pharmacological Screening

 Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, carbohydrates and saponins have been known to possess antidiabetic activity. The crude aqueous ethanolic extract from roots of Barringtonia acutangula Linn (EBA) were prepared, subjected to preliminary photochemical analyses to know the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins, which are proved to act as potent antioxidants indicating the possibility of the antidiabetic nature. The crude aqueous extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg bw/p.o were used for studying acute oral toxicity as per OECD 423 guideline. Neither lethality was observed nor any profound toxic reaction, indicating 2000 mg/kg /p.o of aqueous EBA to be safe for further studies. Thus the pharmacological screening was done with two doses, aqueous EBA 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w/p.o. In normal fasted rats, aqueous EBA treatment at both the dose levels were found to reduce the blood glucose levels, significantly. The aqueous EBA also showed a significant improvement in oral glucose tolerance test. 

scholarly journals Pharmacological potential of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2440-2454
Author(s):  
D. A. Omoboyowa ◽  
F. O. Afolabi ◽  
T. C. Aribigbola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cells

Background: The anti-hyperglycemic potential of methanol stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale (MSBEAO) was investigated using an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. Alloxan administration induces the generation of free radicals which can affect antioxidant status resulting in the disruption of the β-cells of the pancreas. Therefore, this study examines the antioxidant potential of the plant extract and the ameliorating effect on the pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan monohydrate. MSBEAO, at a concentration of 100 or 200 mg/kg b.w. was orally administered to alloxan-induced diabetic rats and normal rats. The hypoglycemic effect, oral glucose tolerance test, and biochemical assay of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were assayed using standard procedures. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and phenols at moderate concentrations. The lethality dose (LD50) of the plant extract was found to be equal to or less than 5000 mg/kg b.w. The hypoglycemic effect of the extract on the non-diabetic rats revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the blood glucose concentration of animals administered with 1 g/kg b.w. of the extract, compared to normal control rats administered with normal saline. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the methanol extract exerted the highest response, similar to glibenclamide after 15 and 30 minutes of administration, compared to the control rats. The methanol extract yielded the highest blood glucose lowering effects after 9 days of treatment (p<0.05), compared to diabetic rats administered with normal saline and 0.3 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide. Administration of the extract at 200 mg/kg b.w. showed improved pancreas architecture and regeneration of the β-cells, compared with the pancreas of animals in the other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that MSBEAO is a potentially effective agent for the management of diabetes which might result from the antioxidant-generating capacity of the stem bark.

scholarly journals Daily Consumption of Stevia Drops Effects on Glycemia, Body Weight and Energy Intake: Results from a 12-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 663-663
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Stamataki ◽  
Benjamin Crooks ◽  
John McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives Stevia is a non-nutritive sweetener providing sweet taste with zero calories that could constitute an effective strategy toward sugar reduction. This study tested the effects of daily consumption of stevia drops on glycemia, body weight (BW) and energy intake in healthy normal weight adults, non-habitual consumers of non-nutritive sweeteners. Methods Twenty eight healthy participants were randomly assigned to the stevia group (n = 14, mean age: 25 ± 5.5 y, mean body mass index: 22 ± 1.8 kg/m2) and were required to consume 5 drops of a commercially available stevia extract twice daily along with their habitual drinks, or to the control group (n = 14, 25 ± 4.2 y, 21 ± 1.5 kg/m2) and were instructed not to change anything in their diet for 12 weeks. Both groups were encouraged to maintain their usual diet and physical activity habits. At baseline and week 12, glucose response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was measured; BW and energy intake were assessed at baseline, week 6 and week 12. Results There was no significant difference in glucose response to the OGTT over the 12 weeks in any study group. However, there was a significant main effect of participant group on BW change over the 12 weeks (F(1, 26) = 5.56, P = 0.026), showing that stevia consumption prevented weight gain (ΔWeight at week 12 = −0.22 ± 0.32 kg for stevia, +0.89 ± 0.39 kg for the control group). Energy intake was significantly decreased between baseline and week 12 in the stevia group (ΔEnergy at week 12 = −344 ± 80.6 kcal, P = 0.003), however no change in energy intake was found in the control group (ΔEnergy = +13.6 ± 125 kcal, P = 0.973). Conclusions These results suggest that daily consumption of stevia in real-life doses does not affect glycemia in healthy normal-weight individuals, but could aid toward weight maintenance and moderation of energy intake. More research is warranted to explore these promising findings further in individuals with overweight/obesity and/or individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (i.e., pre-diabetes/diabetes). Clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT03993418. Funding Sources This project has received a N8 AgriFood Pump Priming Award. Ms Stamataki has a BBSRC DTP Case Studentship.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Activities of Ethanolic Extract Root of Ageratum conyzoides on Alloxan-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abdulfatai Ojewale ◽  
Sanusi Mada ◽  
Samson Oyebadejo ◽  
Adam Afodun ◽  
Okikioluwa Aladeyelu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Cardiac Tissues

Diabetes mellitus has developed into one of the debilitating diseases disturbing the health of many people living with cardiovascular diseases in modern times. The root of Ageratum conyzoides was investigated for its effects on alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats’ cardiac tissues. Thirty-two (32) Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 190 g were randomly divided into four groups. The animals in groups B-D were induced with a single dose of 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan (ALX) intraperitoneally. They were confirmed hyperglycemic after 72 hours of induction and then sustained in hyperglycemic condition for 2 weeks. Animals in groups C and D received AC intervention, as stated above, for four weeks. The body weight of the experimental animals and blood collection for glucose estimation were taken weekly for six weeks using appropriate instruments. Biochemical assays for lipid profile, antioxidant enzymatic, and nonenzymatic markers were carried out. Histopathological changes in the cardiac tissues were also studied. Administration of 150 mg/kg of ALX to experimental rats induced diabetes and significantly reduced the body weights, significantly ( p < 0.05 ) increased the glucose level, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and decreased the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and antioxidant enzymatic markers such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) while the antioxidant nonenzymatic marker such as malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly increased. By contrast, rats given the ethanolic extract root of A. conyzoides had significantly ( p < 0.05 ) increased the body weight gain, whereas the glucose levels significantly ( p < 0.05 ) improved in treated diabetic rats. This extract also improved the cardiovascular system of the diabetic rats by significantly decreasing TG and LDL levels, significantly ( p < 0.05 ) increasing the HDL level, significantly reducing the cardiac contents of CAT, SOD, and GPx, and significantly ( p < 0.05 ) decreasing MDA. Ethanolic extract root of A. conyzoides exhibited antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities and mitigates damage to the heart from the ALX-induced myocardial toxicity associated with type-1 diabetes.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus rhamnosus Reduces Blood Glucose Level through Downregulation of Gluconeogenesis Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Eko Farida ◽  
Lilis Nuraida ◽  
Puspo E. Giriwono ◽  
Betty S. L. Jenie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose

Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are observed to be potential probiotics with functional properties such as lowering fasting blood glucose (FBG), as a promising hyperglycemia management. This study investigated the ability and mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BSL and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 on lowering FBG in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were orally administered with L. rhamnosus BSL and L. rhamnosus R23 by giving 1 mL cell suspension (109 CFU/mL) daily for 30 days. The body weight (BW) was recorded once in three days, and FBG was recorded once in six days. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was measured 1 week after injection with STZ and before sacrifice. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30 for LAB population and identification, performed by PCR detecting 16S rRNA. Oral administration of L. rhamnosus BSL and L. rhamnosus R23 decreased FBG and improved glucose tolerance via downregulation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc) expression by 0.57- and 0.60-fold change, respectively (P<0.05). The lipid profiles, BUN, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT were significantly (P<0.05) different between normal and diabetic rats, but they were not significantly (P>0.05) different among diabetic rats. Both strains were effective in increasing fecal LAB population. Molecular identification of the isolated LAB from fecal sample indicated that they were able to survive and pass through the digestive tract. These results suggested that both strains have the ability to manage blood glucose level and become a promising agent to manage hyperglycemia and diabetes.

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