Eucommia Leaf Extract Induces BDNF Production in Rat Hypothalamus and Enhances Lipid Metabolism and Aerobic Glycolysis in Rat Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Oikawa ◽  
Shouhei Miyazaki ◽  
Rina Kurata ◽  
Mutsumi Hattori ◽  
Noriko Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Creb Phosphorylation ◽  
Ras Protein ◽  
Rat Hypothalamus ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Background: Mutations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and its receptor, tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), have been reported to cause severe obesity in rodents. Our previous study demonstrated that the oral administration of 5% Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) or ELE aroma treatment (ELE aroma) produced anti-obesity effects. Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of ELE on glycolysis and lipid metabolism in male Sprague–Dawley rats, as well as the effects of ELE on BDNF in rat hypothalamus. Methods and Results: A significant reduction and a reduction tendency in the respiratory quotient were observed in association with 5% ELE and ELE aroma treatment, respectively. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results showed significant increases in Cpt2, Acad, Complex II, and Complex V mRNA levels in the liver with both treatments. In addition, in rat hypothalamus, significant elevations in BDNF, Akt, PLCγ proteins and CREB phosphorylation were observed in the 5% ELE group and the ELE aroma group. Furthermore, Ras protein was significantly increased in the ELE aroma group. On the other hand, significant dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 was observed by the western blotting in the 5% ELE group and the ELE aroma group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the ELE treatment enhances the lipid metabolism and increases the aerobic glycolytic pathway, while ELE-induced BDNF may affect such energy regulation. Therefore, ELE has the possibility to control metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Refeeding on Melanocortin-Responsive Neurons in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (9) ◽  
pp. 4329-4335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Sánchez ◽  
Praful S. Singru ◽  
Runa Acharya ◽  
Monica Bodria ◽  
Csaba Fekete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Melanocortin Signaling ◽  
Agouti Related Protein ◽  
Serum Tsh

To explore the effect of refeeding on recovery of TRH gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and its correlation with the feeding-related neuropeptides in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), c-fos immunoreactivity (IR) in the PVN and ARC 2 h after refeeding and hypothalamic TRH, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AGRP) mRNA levels 4, 12, and 24 h after refeeding were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to prolonged fasting. Despite rapid reactivation of proopiomelanocortin neurons by refeeding as demonstrated by c-fos IR in ARC α-MSH-IR neurons and ventral parvocellular subdivision PVN neurons, c-fos IR was present in only 9.7 ± 1.1% hypophysiotropic TRH neurons. Serum TSH levels remained suppressed 4 and 12 h after the start of refeeding, returning to fed levels after 24 h. Fasting reduced TRH mRNA compared with fed animals, and similar to TSH, remained suppressed at 4 and 12 h after refeeding, returning toward normal at 24 h. AGRP and NPY gene expression in the ARC were markedly elevated in fasting rats, AGRP mRNA returning to baseline levels 12 h after refeeding and NPY mRNA remaining persistently elevated even at 24 h. These data raise the possibility that refeeding-induced activation of melanocortin signaling exerts differential actions on its target neurons in the PVN, an early action directed at neurons that may be involved in satiety, and a later action on hypophysiotropic TRH neurons involved in energy expenditure, potentially mediated by sustained elevations in AGRP and NPY. This response may be an important homeostatic mechanism to allow replenishment of depleted energy stores associated with fasting.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LINDL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Davie Rexon Kamadyaapa ◽  
Mavuto Masopera Gondwe ◽  
Mathulo Shauli ◽  
Constance Sewani Rusike ◽  
Jehu Iputo
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Objective: The study was carried out to investigate the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (EEJ) using various models of experimental diarrhea.Methods: Antidiarrheal property of EEJ at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bwt was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling, and gastrointestinal propulsive models of experimental diarrhea in Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes, weighing 200–250 g. Cytotoxicity test of EEJ was performed using brine shrimp bioassay.Results: Toxicity assay of EEJ showed a lethal concentration value of 1225 μg/ml suggesting non-toxicity. EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/bwt) inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea by 38.1%, 76.19%, and 100%, respectively, and enteropooling by 28%, 56%, and 88%, respectively, compared with control. Pre-treatment with yohimbine, α2-adrenoceptor blocker significantly reversed the protective effect of EEJ (400 mg/kg) against castor oil-induced diarrhea and against castor oil-induced enteropooling, suggesting the involvement of α2-adrenoceptors in antidiarrheal property of EEJ. Furthermore, EEJ significantly (p<0.05) and dosedependently (100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg/bwt) inhibited gastrointestinal motility by 28%, 62%, and 83.92%, respectively.Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the antidiarrheal potential of ethanolic leaf extract of EEJ, which may be attributable to its dual antisecretory and antimotility activities probably through activation of the sympathetic α2-adrenergic pathway.

scholarly journals Apple Pomace Consumption Favorably Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Young Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed a Western Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Skinner ◽  
Derek Warren ◽  
Soofia Lateef ◽  
Vagner Benedito ◽  
Janet Tou
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

Apple pomace, which is a waste byproduct of processing, is rich in several nutrients, particularly dietary fiber, indicating potential benefits for diseases that are attributed to poor diets, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD affects over 25% of United States population and is increasing in children. Increasing fruit consumption can influence NAFLD. The study objective was to replace calories in standard or Western diets with apple pomace to determine the effects on genes regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and on risk of NAFLD. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n = 8 rats/group) to isocaloric diets of AIN-93G and AIN-93G/10% w/w apple pomace (AIN/AP) or isocaloric diets of Western (45% fat, 33% sucrose) and Western/10% w/w apple pomace (Western/AP) diets for eight weeks. There were no significant effects on hepatic lipid metabolism in rats fed AIN/AP. Western/AP diet containing fiber-rich apple pomace attenuated fat vacuole infiltration, elevated monounsaturated fatty acid content, and triglyceride storage in the liver due to higher circulating bile and upregulated hepatic DGAT2 gene expression induced by feeding a Western diet. The study results showed the replacement of calories in Western diet with apple pomace attenuated NAFLD risk. Therefore, apple pomace has the potential to be developed into a sustainable functional food for human consumption.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Quassia amara L. (Korales) Leaf Extract on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functions of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Concepcion C. Sison ◽  
Lynn Crisanta R. Panganiban ◽  
Daisy Mae A. Bagaoisan ◽  
Nelia P. Cortes-Maramba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Respiratory Flow ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Quassia Amara

Objective. To To evaluate potential effects of the aqueous extract of Quassia amara L. leaves on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of adult male Sprague- Dawley rats. Methods. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the Quassia amara L. leaf extract on adult male SpragueDawley rats were assessed using non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) determination and head-out plethysmography, respectively, in a randomized, parallel group study. Mean observations of blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at different time periods after dosing. Respiratory flow and irritation effects were evaluated using mean observations of respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), mid-expiratory flow rate (EF50), time of inspiration (TI) and expiration (TE), and time of break (TB) and pause (TP). Results. There were no significant differences among the control and the treatment groups in SBP, DBP and HR parameters. The extract showed statistically significant effect on mean RR by time period (F=2.45, p=0.0234), trends over time of TV among the dose groups (F=2.00, p=0.0202), and EF50 among dose groups ((F=3.11, p=0.0422). However, these did not correlate with the changes in the time of break (TB) and time of pause (TP) which are more sensitive and specific tests for respiratory irritation. Conclusion. Aqueous leaf extract of Quassia appeared to have no significant effects on SBP, DPB, Pulse pressure, and HR. There are no conclusive dose-related respiratory flow or pulmonary irritation effects.

Effect of oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles on lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 5973-5986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangjian Chen ◽  
Shuo Han ◽  
Pai Zheng ◽  
Di Zhou ◽  
Shupei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The present study investigated the effect of oral exposure to TiO2 NPs on lipid metabolism by serum lipidomics.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial and Antipyretic Activity and Safety Evaluation of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Murraya exotica (L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Arnold Donkor Forkuo ◽  
Kwesi Boadu Mensah ◽  
Elvis Ofori Ameyaw ◽  
Aaron Opoku Antwi ◽  
Nana Kofi Kusi-Boadum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Murraya Exotica

Background. The increasing mortality and morbidity of malaria in Africa coupled with the recent reports of antimalarial drug resistance reinforces the need for novel antimalarial agents from natural plant products with folkloric use for the disease. Murraya exotica (L.) (Rutaceae) is widely used as an ornamental plant used indigenously to treat fever, cough, and infectious wounds and eliminate pain from injury and trauma. This study was conducted to evaluate extracts of the leaves of Murraya exotica (L.) (Rutaceae) for its safety and antipyretic and antimalarial activity in rodent models. Method. In this study, the Peters 4-day suppressive and curative test in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice was used to demonstrate the antiplasmodial activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Murraya exotica (L.) (MEE). The study also evaluated the subacute toxicity study and the antipyretic activity of MEE on baker’s yeast-induced hyperthermia in rodent models. Results. Murraya exotica (L.) extract demonstrated curative antimalarial activity, with a percentage suppression of 45.84, 64.32±0.33, 56.74±2.16, and 64.61±0.67 at doses of 50, 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg, respectively. In the Peters 4-day suppressive test, MEE at dose 600 mg/kg had the highest chemosuppression (76.02±1.38%) compared with artesunate (2 mg/kg, p.o.) (82.56±0.97%). Subacute oral toxicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats documented no deaths, with no significant changes in clinical signs, organ weights, and hematological and biochemical parameters. The LD50 of MEE was estimated to be above 1000 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats. All doses of MEE and paracetamol reduced pyrexia in 1 h and 2 h after their administration. The percentage reduction of rectal temperature (TR) for the positive control (paracetamol, 150 mg/kg, p.o.) was 44.36% while the Murraya exotica extract at doses 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg recorded 67.74%, 40.78%, 66.42%, and 59.42%, respectively. Murraya exotica at dose 100 mg/kg exhibited significant reduction (p<0.05) in baker’s yeast-induced pyrexia. Conclusions. The findings in this study show the antipyretic, curative, and suppressive antiplasmodial activity as well as the safety of the methanolic leaf extract of Murraya exotica (L.) supporting its traditional use for malaria and fever.

scholarly journals Effect of SALATRIM-Enriched Biscuit on Lipid Metabolism of Sprague-Dawley Rats.

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko NONAKA ◽  
Yoichi NAGAMORI ◽  
Koji YAMADA ◽  
Michihiro SUGANO
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Effects of TRH on thyrotroph function and number in rat pituitaries transplanted to renal capsule

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. E563-E568
Author(s):  
S. Amr ◽  
S. S. Lippman ◽  
B. D. Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Renal Capsule ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subunit Mrna ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Hypothalamic Influence

We investigated the function of thyrotrophs in rat pituitaries that were transplanted under the renal capsule of 3-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were either intact or hypophysectomized. Groups of 12 animals were implanted with osmotic minipumps that delivered a constant infusion of either thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 1 mg X kg-1 X day-1) or normal saline for 1 wk. In hypophysectomized rats, TRH infusion led to the appearance of substantial amounts of biologically active serum TSH and prevented the hypothyroidism that occurred in the control group. However, TRH did not change the transplant contents of DNA, immunoactive TSH, and mRNA levels for TSH subunits. Comparison of sellar and renal pituitary tissues, obtained from intact rats after 1 wk of either saline or TRH infusion, showed that removal of the pituitary from hypothalamic influence resulted in a 90% depletion of the thyrotroph TSH content. TRH infusion depleted only 63% of the TSH content of sellar thyrotrophs. The mRNA levels for TSH beta-subunit were similar in sellar and transplanted pituitaries and did not significantly change after TRH infusion. When immunocytochemically stained using rat TSH antiserum, the thyrotrophs in pituitary transplants were morphologically and numerically indistinguishable from the thyrotrophs in sellar pituitaries, in the presence or absence of TRH. These data indicate that in transplanted pituitary, for up to 1 wk of a constant infusion, TRH does not significantly affect either the number of thyrotrophs or their ability to synthesize TSH subunit mRNA. However, it is required to maintain released TSH in circulation, since TSH levels were low in the absence of TRH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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