scholarly journals Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Urban Harare, Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwell Nhidza ◽  
Kudzaishe Mutsaka ◽  
Garikai Malunga ◽  
Danai Tavonga Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Introduction:According to the WHO, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) means glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy. Unfortunately, women affected by GDM could suffer from Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) later while babies born to mothers with GDM are at increased risk of being too large for gestational age. This cross-sectional study screened GDM in women attending Parirenyatwa Antenatal Clinic in urban Harare, Zimbabwe using 2006 WHO diagnostic criteria.Methodology:Urine samples were collected from all consenting pregnant women. If urinalysis indicated glycosuria and if a woman reported clinical symptoms of GDM, random blood sugar analysis was subsequently carried out. Those suspected of having GDM due to elevated glucose (n=17) were screened with glucose load challenge the following day, after collecting the sample for fasting blood sugar. Family history of diabetes was self-reported.Results:Women (N=150), between 24 – 28 weeks of gestation who consented were recruited. Participants had mean age 27.2(3.5) years and about half were gradiva 1. All participants reported no maternal history of T2DM, but reported other family history of T2DM. Out of the 150 recruited and 17 tested by OGTT, 10 (6.7%) tested positive for GDM.Conclusion:Prevalence of GDM is lower than two similar African studies but similar to one Indian study. Of note is the fact that variations in reported prevalence, in populations from different studies could be due to different diagnostic criteria used. Results need further enquiry on larger group of pregnant women using latest 2013 WHO criteria.

scholarly journals Prevalence and cause of gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care center in Kolar district: a population based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2709
Author(s):  
Poojita Tummala ◽  
Munikrishna M. ◽  
Kiranmayee P.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance at the onset of pregnancy which induces pathological short term or long term outcomes for both mother and baby. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women who were attending the antenatal care (ANC) center at a tertiary care hospital in Kolar, Karnataka, India.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, a constituent of Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The duration of the study was two months. In this study, 108 pregnant women above 24 weeks of gestation were screened for GDM by oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting 2 milli liter blood was collected and were given 75 grams of glucose in 200 milli liters of water and asked to drink within 5 minutes. Again 2 milli liters venous blood was collected after 1 hour and 2 hours from all participants. Plasma sample was used for the estimation of glucose by glucose oxidase and peroxidase (GOD-POD) method.Results: Out of 108, 12 women (11.1%) were diagnosed with GDM. The prevalence rate was higher in the age group of 26-30 years (41.6%).  Among 12 diabetic women, five (47.2%) exercised regularly and seven (58.3%) did not doing exercise. Out of 12 GDM subjects, eight of them had family history of diabetes in first degree relatives; among which one was hypertensive and five were suffering from thyroid problems.Conclusions: In the present study, the prevalence of GDM was found to be 11.1%. Prevalence of GDM might be influenced by increasing age, pre pregnancy weight, family history of diabetes, past history of pregnancy complications, status of literacy and exercise.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Yuli Puspita DEVI ◽  
Rumaisah ABDILLAH ◽  
Muthmainnah MUTHMAINNAH
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a glucose tolerance disorder that first appears during pregnancy. GDM can cause a variety of obstetric and perinatal complications for pregnant women and their fetuses. The prevalence of GDM in the city of Surabaya in 2015 amounted to 2.29%, increasing to 3.88% in 2018. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants (family history of diabetes mellitus, BMI, history of birth weight, parity, and the age of the pregnant woman) that influence the GDM. Methods: This research is an analytical study with an observational approach. The research design was carried out using a case-control study. In this study, the number of samples was 36 people, 6 cases, and 30 people as controls, and were taken randomly. The data source obtained from secondary data (medical records of pregnant women) at Mulyorejo Health Center Surabaya. The analysis used in this study was a simple logistic regression test. Results and Discussion: The result showed an effect of a family history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.035) on the incidence of GDM. Parity was a potential variable (p = 0.077) on the incidence of GDM. Meanwhile, BMI, history of birth weight, and mother's age did not affect the incidence of GDM. Conclusion: Pregnant women with a family history of diabetes who are not balanced with maintaining a good lifestyle can experience complications of developing GDM.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (37) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Yuli Puspita DEVI ◽  
Rumaisah ABDILLAH ◽  
Muthmainnah MUTHMAINNAH
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a glucose tolerance disorder that first appears during pregnancy. GDM can cause a variety of obstetric and perinatal complications for pregnant women and their fetuses. The prevalence of GDM in the city of Surabaya in 2015 amounted to 2.29%, increasing to 3.88% in 2018. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants (family history of diabetes mellitus, BMI, history of birth weight, parity, and the age of the pregnant woman) that influence the GDM. Methods: This research is an analytical study with an observational approach. The research design was carried out using a case-control study. In this study, the number of samples was 36 people, 6 cases, and 30 people as controls, and were taken randomly. The data source obtained from secondary data (medical records of pregnant women) at Mulyorejo Health Center Surabaya. The analysis used in this study was a simple logistic regression test. Results and Discussion: The result showed an effect of a family history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.035) on the incidence of GDM. Parity was a potential variable (p = 0.077) on the incidence of GDM. Meanwhile, BMI, history of birth weight, and mother's age did not affect the incidence of GDM. Conclusion: Pregnant women with a family history of diabetes who are not balanced with maintaining a good lifestyle can experience complications of developing GDM.

scholarly journals Neonatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus: a hospital based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaraddi Sanjay K. ◽  
Saranya Andal Kishore ◽  
Nedunchezian P. ◽  
Sulekha C.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is amongst the most common medical complications of pregnancy associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The prevalence of GDM is increasing worldwide especially in India with increasing obesity and lifestyle and dietary changes. Hence this study was undertaken to study the prevalence of GDM and to evaluate its neonatal outcomes.Methods: This was a prospective study. During the study period, 205 pregnant women between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were screened for GDM using 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were diagnosed to have GDM based on WHO criteria. Risk factors for GDM, maternal and neonatal outcomes were studied.Results: The prevalence of GDM in the study population was 7.8%. Prevalence of GDM cases was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2, family history of diabetes, previous macrosomia/large for gestational age (LGA) baby and past history of GDM with p <0.001 and with multiparity (p = 0.024). Maternal age >25 years was not statistically associated with prevalence of GDM (p = 0.358). Incidence of pre-eclampsia and polyhydramnios were significantly higher among GDM cases. Operative delivery and assisted (forceps) delivery had strongly significant association with GDM (p <0.001). GDM cases were significantly associated with higher birth weight (>3.5 kg) in the neonates (p <0.001). Hypoglycemia was the most common complication noted in neonates of GDM women. Incidence of respiratory distress, transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), polycythemia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were also significantly more common among neonates born to GDM women.Conclusions: BMI >25 kg/m2, family history of diabetes, past GDM and previous LGA baby were important risk factors for GDM. The study emphasizes the need to screen all pregnant women for GDM, so that timely diagnosis and intervention will reduce both maternal and perinatal complications.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors in Boo-Ali Hospital, Tehran

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Mina Etminan-Baksh ◽  
Sima Tadi ◽  
Monireh Hatami ◽  
Roksana Darabi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Complication ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents the most common metabolic complication during pregnancy. GDM is associated with maternal and fetal complications. Approximately 7% of all pregnancies are affected by GDM, resulting in more than 200,000 cases worldwide annually, and the prevalence may vary from 1% to 14% among all pregnancies. Accordingly, this study attempted to determine the prevalence and some risk factors of GDM. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Boo-Ali hospital in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Four hundred non-diabetics pregnant women with a gestational age of 24-28 weeks who attended the Boo-Ali hospital outpatient department were included in our study. Demographic and anthropometric data including age, gravida, para, gestational age, family history of diabetes, history of GDM, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. Blood samples were collected from the women at 24-28 weeks to diagnose GDM by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We measured the 25-OH-D level in participants at 24-28 weeks. Results: Among the 400 pregnant women, 46 (11.5%) had GDM based on OGTT, and the mean age of GDM women were 30.78± 5.96 years. Among selected variables, BMI ≥25kg/m2, family history, and GDM history were associated with increased risks of GDM (odds ratio=2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–5.07;3.52, 95% CI 1.84–6.70; 19.57, and 95% CI 6.16–62.17, respectively). The association was more robust in the positive GDM history of women. Conclusion: High prevalence of GDM highlights more attention of health-care givers in screening pregnant women with risk factors. BMI as a modifiable risk factor for GDM needs more attention, and positive family history and previous GDM history should be considered in the core activities of pregnant women. [GMJ.2020;9:e1642] DOI:10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1642 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Maternal and Fetal Outcomes at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
D. H. John ◽  
P. A. Awoyesuku ◽  
D. A. MacPepple ◽  
N. J. Kwosah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common cause of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy accounting for about 90% of all diabetic pregnancies. Women with GDM are at increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality which are preventable through early diagnosis and treatment. Objective: The aim was to determine the prevalence of GDM, compare the maternal and neonatal complications among GDM and non-GDM pregnant women, and the risk factors associated with GDM. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was carried out among 105 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of RSUTH between February and August 2017. They were interviewed using a pre-structured questionnaire that covered variables related to socio-demographic factors and family, medical, and social history. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was done after an overnight fast. Women who had FBS less than 7 mmol/L had 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerant Test (OGTT) done. Those diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus were the exposed group while those negative for GDM were the non-exposed group. Both groups were followed up to delivery, and maternal and fetal outcomes were noted. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 and significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 10.5%. Positive history of GDM in previous pregnancy was the only independent risk factor (p=0.04, Adj OR: 26.89, 95% CI 2.86 to 252.61). GDM mothers had a significantly higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia (RR=7.48; 95% CI =3.36 to 16.63). Neonates of GDM mothers were at increased risk of fetal macrosomia (RR =9.00; 95% CI=1.36 to 59.4) and neonatal admissions (RR=8.00; C.I =1.19 to 53.67). Conclusion: The study revealed that the prevalence of GDM was high and that those with GDM were at increased risk of developing fetal and maternal complications. A history of GDM in previous pregnancy was an essential risk factor for subsequent GDM.

scholarly journals Risk Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based On A Nomogram Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peilin Ouyang ◽  
You Yiping ◽  
Jia Xiaozhou ◽  
Yang Liqin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Abstract Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are prone to develop gestational diabetes mellitus, a disease which may have significant impact on the postpartum health of both mother and infant. We performed a retrospective cohort study to develop and test a model that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Our study included 520 pregnant women who were referred to the obstetrics department between December 2017 and March 2020 with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Of these women, 171 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in the second trimester. Univariate analysis revealed that in the first trimester, parity, family history of diabetes, age, body mass index (BMI), testosterone, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), diastolic blood pressure(DBP)，and insulin levels were predictive factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Logistic analysis revealed that TG, age, HbA1C, Insulin, TC, BMI and family history of diabetes were independent risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. The area under the ROC curve of the gestational diabetes mellitus risk prediction model was 0.917 in this retrospective analysis, demonstrating the great ability to predict. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were 0.814 and 0.871, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test also showed a good fit to the test.

scholarly journals GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 015-019
Author(s):  
Afsheen Qazi ◽  
Amin Fahim ◽  
Aneela Qureshi3 ◽  
Mazhar ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of

Objectives: The present study was designed to find the importance of properscreening and early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: A prospective/descriptive study Place of Study: tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. Duration of Study: fromSeptember 2014 to November 2014. Materials and Methods: A total of 168 pregnant femalesbetween the ages of 20-40 years & in their 24th to 28th week of gestation were enrolled for thestudy. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test of all the participants was done after an overnight fasting of10-12 hours. All the participants were given 75gm of glucose per 100 ml of distilled water. Theblood samples were collected after two hours time for serum glucose levels. Results: Mostof the participants were below 26 years of age 47(27.9%) with the mean age of 30.2±5.83years. However the highest prevalence of GDM was observed in age group 31-35 years (36%).Among the 25 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus the highest number of patients with GDMwere multipara (40%) followed by parity of 3-4 gravida (32%). Twenty seven women (16%)women had family history of diabetes mellitus. Among these 12/27 (44.4%) women were foundwith GDM, compared to 15/141 (10.6%) who have no family history of diabetes mellitus. Total14 (8.33%) women were found obese, out of these 8 (57%) women had GDM while only 6(42.8%) women had no GDM. Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in the present study isfound to be 14.8%. A prevalence of GDM was higher in the elderly multiparous females whowere overweight and had family history of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Screening of Hemoglobin A1c in Gestational Diabetes among women attending metabolic clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Vivek Sinha ◽  
Poonam Kachhawa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
P Value ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical condition that complicates pregnancies..Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a diabetic metabolic disorder that occurs in 4% of all pregnant women and 14% of ethnic groups with more prevalence of type II diabetes. It can be defined as increased or abnormal insulin resistance, decreased insulin sensitivity or glucose intolerance with first diagnosis during pregnancy. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic screening value of the HbA1c, prevalence of GDM and associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the metabolic clinic; in the department of Biochemistry located at SIMS, Hapur. A semi-structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Following the DIPSI guidelines, patients with plasma glucose values >140 mg/dl were labeled as GDM. Statistical methods used were OR (CI95%), percentage, Chi square. Results: Out of 500, 6.72% had GDM. Among all GDM patients, 64.71% had age more than 30 years, 70.59% had BMI more than 25, 41.18% had gravida more than 3 and p- value was significant with regard to age and BMI. P value was found to be significant for risk factors namely positive family history of Diabetes Mellitus, history of big baby and presence of more than one risk factor. Conclusion: GDM is associated with high BMI, early pregnancy loss, family history of DM and previous history of big baby and there could be more than one risk factor. Thus universal screening followed by close monitoring of the pregnant women for early detection of GDM may help improving maternal and fetal outcomes.

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