scholarly journals The Effects of Water Debit and Number of Blades on the Power Generated of Prototype Turbines Propeller as Renewable Electricity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Agung Wahyudi Biantoro ◽  
Iskendar Iskendar ◽  
Subekti Subekti ◽  
Nik Hisyamudin Bin Muhd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Gas Power Plant ◽  
Cfd Method ◽  
Calculation Analysis ◽  
Manual Calculation ◽  
A Current

<p class="Abstract">This research is a prototype design of a Pico hydropower plant. The Pico hydro laboratory scale is planned to be installed at the water outlet at the steam gas power plant (PLTGU) in Cilegon, whose water discharge has not been utilized. Pico hydro will produce green energy, which in turn can partially replace fossil energy needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water discharge and the number of blades on the power generated by Pico hydro. The method used in this research is an experimental method carried out in the laboratory, by designing and making Pico hydro prototypes, with several variations in the number of blades. The results of the manual calculation analysis show that the mass flow rate, circumferential speed, and the highest rotational speed are found in blade 6. Furthermore, the design process uses the CFD method, which produces the best energy when using 6 or 7 blades.  The stronger the water discharge, the higher the Rpm, and the stronger the electric current and the resulting voltage. The water discharge of 0.04 m<sup>3</sup>/s produces 215 Rpm, a current of 0.30 ampere, and a voltage of 2.00 volts. While the airflow rate of 0.08 m<sup>3</sup>/s produces 695 Rpm, a current of 0.70 ampere,s and a voltage of 4.30 volts. Statistical analysis also shows that the higher the Rpm value of the 6 blade turbine, the higher the power and current it produces.</p>

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study of Micro-Hydropower Plant and Its Potential in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahidul Islam Razan ◽  
Riasat Siam Islam ◽  
Rezaul Hasan ◽  
Samiul Hasan ◽  
Fokhrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Current Energy ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Depletion of fossil fuel and the inability to meet the rising demand of electricity are some drawbacks for the economic development of Bangladesh. Carbon emission done by developed world is also troubling the country. This paper focuses on the potential of micro-hydropower plant in Bangladesh due to its numerous rivers and canals providing off-grid power to the remote areas and also to the areas that are still outside the main grid network. This paper reflects on the current energy scenario in Bangladesh, the need to explore green energy thus proving how the establishment of widespread micro-hydropower plant can help overcome the current power crisis and play a role in the economic progress of the country. The existing potential sites are mentioned and the means to identify new sites are outlined by performing hydrology studies, topographic studies, head calculations, turbine selection, and so forth.

scholarly journals An Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Flow Hydraulic Parameters in Circular Crested Weir Using Flow3D

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Ghazizadeh ◽  
M. Azhdary Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Geometry Optimization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Flow Depth ◽  
Upstream Slope ◽  
Downstream Slope ◽  
Cfd Method ◽  
Distribution Energy

Circular crested weirs consist of a circular crested of upstream and downstream walls. These weirs are widely used in hydraulic engineering as water discharge structures and can be used to control water level in channels and tanks. In the present study, using Flow3D software, hydraulic properties were investigated to find weir geometry optimization through CFD method. Also, this study attempted to investigate flow on some sections of circular crested weirs in 3 groups and 11 models. Upstream and downstream slope changes as well as the height of the weir were also studied. To validate the model, laboratory models were used. In the research, flow depth parameters on crest, pressure distribution, velocity distribution, energy loss on circular crested weirs, as well as the height and changes of upstream and downstream slope were evaluated. Flow depth on the body of circular crest in this state is about 0.71 (H1). Upstream slope changes on flow depth on the weir’s crest revealed that increasing upstream slope causes to the increase of flow relative depth (H1/R) on the crest about 62%. Downstream changes in H1/R values less than 0.7 have no significant effect on discharge coefficient; however, increasing H1/R values seems to cause more change in slope.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF A HYDROPOWER PLANT ON THE DOWNSTREAM REACH OF A RIVER/HIDROELEKTRINĖS POVEIKIS NEMUNO UPEI ŽEMUTINIAME BJEFE/ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ГИДРОСТАНЦИИ НА РЕКУ НЯМУНАС В НИЖНЕМ БЬЕФЕ

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narimantas Zdankus ◽  
Saulius Vaikasas ◽  
Gintautas Sabas
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Frequent Switching ◽  
Downstream Reach ◽  
River Reach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reinforcing Layer

The impact of a hydropower plant (HPP) on the environment, first of all on the riverbed of downstream reach as well as on fish communities is analysed in the paper. Frequent switching on and off of turbines has been determined to be the reason of intensive and long‐lasting riverbed scour, also significant reduction of fish communities. Each switching on and off of HPP turbines is found to cause a sudden change of water discharge and level in the downstream reach. Water level suddenly drops down after the turbine switches off. Uplift force of ground water flowing from a riverbed destructs a reinforcing layer of large ground particles formed during the self‐lining process. Scour of small particles from the bottom sets in. The riverbed deepens significantly until a new reinforcing layer forms. Suggestions are given to slow down turbine switching within technical possibilities. This simple measure allows to increase the length of a reflux wave, to reduce the speed of water level drop and the length of river reach under the scour danger. Santrauka Nagrinėjamas hidroelektrinės (HE) poveikis aplinkai, pirmiausia upės vagai žemutiniame bjefe, taip pat ir žuvims. Buvo nustatyta, kad dažnas HE turbinų įjungimas ir išjungimas yra pagrindinė intensyvaus ir ilgai trunkančio vagos plovimo, taip pat žymaus žuvų skaičiaus sumažėjimo priežastis. Žinoma, kad kiekvienas HE turbinos įjungimas sukelia staigų vandens debito ir lygio kitimą žemutiniame bjefe. Išjungiant turbiną vandens lygis staiga mažėja. Iš upės dugno ištekančio gruntinio vandens slėgio jėga sulaužo iš didžiausių grunto dalelių susidedantį apsauginį sluoksnelį, susidariusį savigrindos proceso metu. Prasideda smulkių grunto dalelių plovimas iš dugno. Upės dugnas žemėja, kol susidaro naujas apsauginis sluoksnis. Siūloma turbinų stabdymo procesą lėtinti kiek įmanoma iki techniškai priimtino mažiausio greičio. Ši paprasta priemonė leidžia padidinti atoslūgio bangos ilgį, sumažinti vandens lygio kritimo greitį ir sutrumpinti upės ruožo, kuriam grėstų plovimas, ilgį. Резюме Рассматривается воздействие гидростанции (ГС) на окружающую среду, в первую очередь на русло реки Нямунас в нижнем бьефе, а также на рыб. Было установлено, что частое включение и выключение турбин ГС является основной причиной интенсивного и длительного размыва русла реки, а также сокращения численности рыб. Известно, что каждое включение турбины ГС вызывает резкое колебание расхода и уровня реки в нижнем бьефе. После выключения турбины уровень воды резко понижается. Сила давления воды, вытекающей со дна реки, ломает защитный слой крупных частиц грунта, сформированный во время процесса самоотмостки. Начинается размыв мелких частиц грунта со дна. Дно реки понижается, пока не образуется новый защитный слой. Предлагается замедлить до технически возможной минимальную скорость остановки турбин. Этот простой способ позволяет увеличить длину волны отлива, уменьшить скорость падения уровня воды и сократить длину участка реки, которому грозит опасность размыва.

scholarly journals Evaluation of small hydropower plant at Ribb irrigation dam in Amhara regional state, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Worku Bezabih
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants

Abstract Background Energy is the main requirement for economic growth in any country and supports the modern economy. The energy sector is considered a vital element in developing countries because it meets energy needs. This article addresses the production of electricity using small hydroelectric power plants for rural applications. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of the Ribb dam for small hydroelectric plants. The flow is very important for the production of hydroelectricity as the height of a proposed site is constant and the available flow is very variable. Result The flow duration curve is constant and it will vary from 20 to 50% from the nominal flow. Further, it will decrease when the percentage of the nominal flow increases. The best size of a small hydroelectric plant producing a maximum of electricity in the context of future projected flows in the study region. Further, the Ribb dam concluded that the average flow of 14.6331 m3/s, the smooth head of 70.37 m, and the average nominal power of 5.53 MW. Conclusion Small hydro system (SHP) is a promising alternative for the production of cheap and renewable energy in rural or developing areas.

Energy from forest biomass in Ontario: Getting beyond the promise

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E Mabee ◽  
J. Mirck ◽  
R. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Energy Needs

The recent decline in Ontario’s forest sector has resulted in the idling or closure of many mills, creating an opportunityfor forest-derived bioenergy supported by the Ontario Green Energy and Green Economy Act. Combined heat and powerproduction from forest biomass seems to provide an optimal balance between energy supplied and employment opportunities.This option could provide Ontario with 5.3% of electricity and 1.5% of heat energy needs. The province couldsustainably support up to 12 60-MW installations. Five key recommendations are advanced, including the need for abioenergy strategy within the province, options for developing funding for this sector, and the possibility of creating abioenergy network using existing research assets within Ontario. Key words: forest sector, Green Energy and Green Economy Act, combined heat and power, black liquor gasification,wood pellets, liquid biofuels for transport, ethanol, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, forest biomass supply

scholarly journals GREEN ENERGY: AN ANALYTICAL DISCOURSE

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Baluch ◽  
S. Mohtar ◽  
A. S. Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
To Come

The climate change, the global warming, the population growth and the continuous demand on energy and electricity in specific made renewable energy one of the most appropriate and fitting to answer all these changes of our environment. However, the vested interested groups belonging to the fossil fuel cartel continue working tirelessly to discourage the use of renewable energy and renewable energy solutions in the world. Despite the recusant efforts of the Oil Cartel, renewable energy use has grown much faster than anyone anticipated. This paper: defines green and renewable energy; highlights its benefits; and illustrates that clean energy technologies are prepared for accelerated and widespread expansion in the global power sector. The paper critically examines the recusant efforts of the Oil Cartel undermining green renewable energy sector by bankrolling the production of unconventional oil and gas; and demonstrates that over-reliance on fossil fuels for power generation has significant health, environmental, and economic risks and is not a long-term solution to our energy needs. The paper concludes that a global transition to renewable energy is already underway. Renewable Energy offers an alternative to conventional sources and grants us greater control over future energy prices and supply. The energy choices we make during this pivotal moment will have huge consequences for our health, our climate, and our economy for decades to come.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Hydro Power Plant (HPP) Lubuak Gadang Sangir South Solok

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Hidayat ◽  
Azriyenni Azhari Zakri ◽  
Iman Satria
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Newton Interpolation ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Discharge Water ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Water Catchment

The feasibility study is one of the principal documents in building a hydropower plant consisting of technical, economic, and financial aspects. Contained technical studies on civil, mechanical, and electrical. This requires data on hydrologic, geology, land contours, river discharge, water catchment areas, and so on. Economic and financial studies include cost and financial parameters such as; BEP, IRR, NVP, BCR, and others. The installed capacity of a hydropower plant is given in optimization based on the Flow Duration Curve (FDC) and the Capacity Factor (CF) used the Newton Interpolation Method. The results showed that the installed power capacity was 11.99 MW. The water discharge was 31.603 m3/secs and the effective head was 37.5 meters. Annual income is around IDR 103.026 billion. Finally, HPP Lubuak Gadang is technically, economically, and financially feasible, so it is feasible to carry out the next process.

scholarly journals Design of heat exchanger for the production of zinc imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) particles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
◽  
Risti Ragadhita ◽  
Silmi Ridwan Putri ◽  
Rina Maryanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
Shell And Tube ◽  
Calculation Analysis ◽  
Manual Calculation

The design of a heat exchanger is very effective to reduce total production costs, compared to buying a ready-made exchanger. This study aims to design a heat exchanger with a manual calculation analysis method to get dimension calculations of the heat exchanger. Dimension calculation of heat exchanger aims to determine the quality of the heat exchanger based on the overall heat transfer coefficient and the dirt factor that occurs in the heat exchanger. The designed heat exchanger is a shell and tube type with 1 (one) pass shell and 2 (two) pass tubes using water as hot fluid and cold fluid. The fluid flow is assumed to be the opposite. The results show the effectiveness of the heat exchanger reaches more than 50%. The performance of the designed heat exchanger is relatively good but it still does not meet the minimum requirements of the established dirt factor. This research can be useful as a learning method regarding the design process, working mechanism, and heat exchanger performance.

scholarly journals Plant Microbial Fuel Cells–Based Energy Harvester System for Self-powered IoT Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Osorio de la Rosa ◽  
Javier Vázquez Castillo ◽  
Mario Carmona Campos ◽  
Gliserio Barbosa Pool ◽  
Guillermo Becerra Nuñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
A Current

The emergence of modern technologies, such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the Internet-of-Things (IoT), and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications, involves the use of batteries, which pose a serious environmental risk, with billions of batteries disposed of every year. However, the combination of sensors and wireless communication devices is extremely power-hungry. Energy Harvesting (EH) is fundamental in enabling the use of low-power electronic devices that derive their energy from external sources, such as Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), solar power, thermal and kinetic energy, among others. Plant Microbial Fuel Cell (PMFC) is a prominent clean energy source and a step towards the development of self-powered systems in indoor and outdoor environments. One of the main challenges with PMFCs is the dynamic power supply, dynamic charging rates and low-energy supply. In this paper, a PMFC-based energy harvester system is proposed for the implementation of autonomous self-powered sensor nodes with IoT and cloud-based service communication protocols. The PMFC design is specifically adapted with the proposed EH circuit for the implementation of IoT-WSN based applications. The PMFC-EH system has a maximum power point at 0.71 V, a current density of 5 mA cm − 2 , and a power density of 3.5 mW cm − 2 with a single plant. Considering a sensor node with a current consumption of 0.35 mA, the PMFC-EH green energy system allows a power autonomy for real-time data processing of IoT-based low-power WSN systems.

scholarly journals Nanostructured Fe-Ni Sulfide: A Multifunctional Material for Energy Generation and Storage

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Chunyang Zhang ◽  
Sanket Bhoyate ◽  
Pawan K. Kahol ◽  
Nikolaos Kostoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
A Current

Multifunctional materials for energy conversion and storage could act as a key solution for growing energy needs. In this study, we synthesized nanoflower-shaped iron-nickel sulfide (FeNiS) over a nickel foam (NF) substrate using a facile hydrothermal method. The FeNiS electrode showed a high catalytic performance with a low overpotential value of 246 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2, while it required 208 mV at 10 mA/cm2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The synthesized electrode exhibited a durable performance of up to 2000 cycles in stability and bending tests. The electrolyzer showed a lower cell potential requirement for a FeNiS-Pt/C system (1.54 V) compared to a standard benchmark IrO2-Pt/C system (1.56 V) to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2. Furthermore, the FeNiS electrode demonstrated promising charge storage capabilities with a high areal capacitance of 13.2 F/cm2. Our results suggest that FeNiS could be used for multifunctional energy applications such as energy generation (OER and HER) and storage (supercapacitor).

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