scholarly journals Poderes, Direito e Dominação: a tomada de consciência e a inclusão de outros sujeitos a partir de questões raciais

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Paulo Fernando Soares Pereira ◽  
Ana Claudia Farranha Santana
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina

<p><strong>RESUMO:</strong></p><p dir="ltr"><span>O artigo pretende analisar, a partir da perspectiva da Sociologia Jurídica, como se dão as relações entre os poderes, o direito e a dominação dos sujeitos dominados pelas classes dominantes. Dessa forma, o artigo, inicialmente, valendo-se da epistemologia crítica do “Norte”, faz a análise do processo de dominação, no qual as Ciências Sociais, incluindo o Direito, são elementos essenciais para invisibilizar as lutas sociais. Assim, em seguida, as lutas sociais por novos direitos são analisadas como formas que levam a uma “tomada de consciência” das classes dominadas, levando-as a enveredar pelos caminhos das reivindicações por direitos que lhe foram e são renegados. Finalizando, o trabalho, a partir de uma epistemologia do “Sul”, analisa como têm sido enfrentadas as questões dos novos direitos na América Latina, partindo do pressuposto segundo o qual a questão racial é um dos elementos fundamentais para a compreensão do processo de dominação inaugurado pela Modernidade. A metodologia consistiu na revisão crítica da literatura, incluindo os debates proporcionados pela Sociologia Jurídica, que informa que o direito não é isento de pretensões, mas um instrumento que pode estar a serviço, de forma invisível, das classes dominantes.</span></p><div><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong></div><div> </div><div><p dir="ltr"><span>The article aims the analysis, from the perspective of Juridical Sociology, how the relations between powers, law, domination and dominated individuals take place. At first, the issue adopts the Northern critical epistemology to analyze the process of domination, in which the Social Sciences, including Law, are essential elements to invisibilizate social struggles. Thus, the social struggles for new rights are examined as ways to lead dominated classes to awareness, taking them to follow the paths of demanding for their rights, which have been and still are denied. Concluding, by approaching a Southern epistemology, the paper analyzes how the issues on new rights in Latin American have been faced, assuming that the racial question is one of the fundamental elements in order to understand the process of domination unveiled by Modernity. The methodology is based on a critical review of literature, including the debates provided by Juridical Sociology, which informs that Law is not exempt from exhortations, being, in fact, an instrument that may be used, invisibly, by dominating classes for dominating others, as a rule.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div></div>

scholarly journals Causas de la participación de la mujer en la guerrilla de América Latina

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Magdalena Śniadecka-Kotarska
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Militant Groups ◽  
America Latina

The article was originally published without an abstract, short summary by Michal Gilewski The article studies what is causing women to join guerillas in Latin America. The participation of women in such militant groups started with the leftist guerillas of the second half of the 20th century. The article describes different backgrounds and different reasons for the women to join armed struggle groups. It also describes how women functioned in the social, ideological and biological dimensions of guerillas. Śniadecka-Kotarska suggests that, although the guerilla movement failed to achieve its goals of socio-political transformation of Latin American societies, it made an important contribution to the emancipation of women in these societies.  

scholarly journals SISTEMAS DE PROTEÇÃO SOCIAL LATINO-AMERICANOS E RESPOSTAS À PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: Argentina, Brasil e México

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Mônica de Castro Maia Senna ◽  
Aline Souto Maior Ferreira ◽  
Valentina Sofia Suarez Baldo
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Social Protection Systems

O artigo analisa como sistemas de proteção social na América Latina têm respondido à grave situação social decorrente da pandemia de COVID-19. Pautado em estudo exploratório, o artigo toma como foco as experiências da Argentina, Brasil e México. A perspectiva de análise considera que as respostas produzidas por esses três casos às demandas sociais postas pela pandemia decorrem da interseção entre o legado prévio e estrutura institucional dos sistemas de proteção social existentes em cada país, a orientação política dos governos em exercício e a dinâmica social e política diante do contexto da crise sanitária. Verifica que nos três países, a despeito de medidas protetivas de maior ou menor abrangência e magnitude, que reforçam a proteção social existente ou introduzem novos mecanismos – todos eles temporários – a crise social própria às formações sociais latino-americanas se agravou.LATIN AMERICAN SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND RESPONSES TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: Argentina, Brazil and MexicoAbstractThe article analyses how social protection systems in Latina America have responded to the serious social situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Guided by an exploratory study, the paper focuses on the experiences of Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. The analysis considers that the responses produced by the three cases results from the intersection between the institutional structure’s previous legacy of the social protection systems existing in each country, the political orientation of the governments in exercise and the social and political dynamics in the sanitary crisis context. It seems that, despite protective measures of greater or lesser scope and magnitude, which either reinforce the existing social protections or introduce new mechanisms – all of them temporary – the social crisis specific to Latin American social formations has worsened in the countries studied.Keywords: Social protection. COVID-19. Brazil. México. Argentina

Underdevelopment, Obstacles to the Perception of Change, and Leadership

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert O. Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Real ◽  
Cumulative Change ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Intellectual Leadership

This chapter challenges the defeatism of Hirschman's friends and colleagues during the 1950s–1960s, when numerous political and social upheavals were happening worldwide. In this chapter, Hirschman explains that many of the so-called “structural causes”—a term advanced by his Latin American colleagues in the social sciences which refers to entrenched obstacles that make all efforts to change self-defeating—are ideological constructs. The chapter discusses two obstacles to the perception of change: the persistence of traits which are related to the “little traditions,” as well as the bias in the perception of cumulative change. It argues that the real, “stealthy” change that was actually occurring is being obscured in the process and the vital role of political and intellectual leadership is thus ignored.

Academic Entrepreneurs, Public Policy, and the Growth of Latin American Studies in Britain during the Cold War

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
American Studies ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Latin American Studies ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Cold War

The initial development of Latin American studies in Britain in the early 1960s resulted from the interest of pioneering academics in London and Cambridge and the Royal Institute of International Affairs. Alongside these academic efforts, the government’s concerns about the declining role of British business in the region triggered the establishment of the Parry Committee in 1962. Reporting in 1965, this committee recommended the establishment of five government-financed Latin American centers, together with investment in training new Ph.D. students, especially in the social sciences. These younger scholars, who took the opportunity to do research and travel in Latin America, soon began to react more strongly against U.S. policy, economic inequality, and human rights abuses. In the 1970s, tensions between the older and newer generations became acute with the Pinochet coup and the “dirty wars.” Many academics thus distanced themselves from business and government in a way that the pioneers had not anticipated. El desarrollo inicial de los estudios latinoamericanos en Gran Bretaña a principios de la década de 1960 se debió al interés de académicos pioneros en Londres, Cambridge y el Instituto Real de Asuntos Internacionales. Junto con estas iniciativas académicas, la preocupación gubernamental ante el declive de los negocios británicos en la región dio lugar a la fundación del Comité Parry en 1962. En su informe de 1965, dicho comité recomendó el establecimiento de cinco centros latinoamericanos financiados por el gobierno, así como la formación de nuevos estudiantes doctorales, sobre todo en el área de ciencias sociales. Estos académicos más jóvenes, que aprovecharon la oportunidad de estudiar en y viajar por América Latina, pronto comenzaron a reaccionar con mayor fuerza contra la política de EE.UU., la desigualdad económica y los abusos contra los derechos humanos. En la década de 1970, las tensiones entre las generaciones más viejas y las nuevas se agudizaron con el golpe de estado de Pinochet y las “guerras sucias.” Muchos académicos se distanciaron entonces de los negocios y los asuntos del gobierno de una manera que los pioneros no habían previsto.

scholarly journals Exploring urban paradigms tackling COVID-19 in blogs communities: The case of SDG 11: استكشاف تصدي النماذج الفكرية الحضرية لـكوفيد-19 في مجتمعات المدونات: حالة الهدف 11 للتنمية المستدامة

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-35
Author(s):  
Hisham G. Abusaada, Abeer M. Elshater Hisham G. Abusaada, Abeer M. Elshater
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Planning And Design

This article provides a systematic and critical review of urban paradigms that incorporate economic and cultural diversity, information technology, and competitiveness considering the SDG 11. It explores the possibility of discussing future research using sets of research topics and words of coexistence predefined in urban planning and design literature. This work uses a deductive approach, content analysis and systematic and critical review to highlight the social challenges that address social distancing strategy reflected in SDG 11. The authors systematically focused on blogs published online in 2020, specifically in urban studies, social sciences, planning theory, and public health. They tested their reliability against articles included in the Scimago rank. The findings provide a toolkit with social and behavioural settings, mobility, infrastructure, and urbanization in the post-pandemic era. This study recommended a review of the importance of taking blogs that discuss new urban intellectual models to confront the Coronavirus when developing sustainable cities and societies according to SDG11, after ensuring their reliability.

scholarly journals Crisis del Estado Social en Europa: efectos en la generación del constitucionalismo social en América Latina

KPGT_dlutz_1 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Roberto Viciano Pastor ◽  
Rubén Martínez Dalmau
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Social State ◽  
European Welfare State ◽  
The Social ◽  
America Latina

Crisis del Estado Social en Europa: efectos en la generación del constitucionalismo social en América Latina Resumen: En Europa el Estado social se está erosionando frente a una sociedad que por un lado está perdiendo la motivación, mientras que por otro intenta resistir. Fruto de la debilidad de las disposiciones del constitucionalismo social, el modelo europeo de Estado social experimenta un proceso de transformación del que puede salir absolutamente erosionado, o puede superarse a sí mismo a través de más democracia, una Constitución más normativa y la plena exigibilidad de los derechos sociales. En América Latina, la falta histórica de experimentación plena del Estado social ha sido determinante en la aparición desde finales del siglo XX de nuevas Constituciones democráticas. Estas tienen ante sí el reto, nada fácil, de construir un modelo propio de Estado social adecuado a las necesidades de las sociedades latinoamericanas. En este contexto, el objeto del presente trabajo es analizar las diferencias en la construcción constitucional y evolución del Estado social en Europa y en América Latina, y explicar por qué en Europa podemos referirnos a una crisis del Estado social, mientras que en América Latina asistimos a diversos intentos de generación de un modelo propio de Estado social basado, en algunos países, en nuevos textos constitucionales que tienden hacia la superación de los modelos comparados de constitucionalismo social. En el primer apartado se analizan las razones de la crisis del Estado social en Europa y los retos hacia su superación. En el segundo apartado desarrollamos la problemática latinoamericana en la construcción de su propio modelo de constitucionalismo social, para concluir con el análisis conjunto de las dos experiencias. Palabras clave: Constitucionalismo democrático. Derechos sociales; Estado social; Normatividad constitucional. Nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano. Crisis of welfare state in Europe: effects on the generation of the social constitutionalism in Latin America Abstract: The European Welfare State is falling; a part of the society is losing motivation, while the other part tries to resist. As a result of the weakness of the provisions of social constitutionalism, the European model of welfare state undergoes a transformation process with two alternatives: be finished, or be strengthened with more democracy, a more normative Constitution, and full guarantees for social rights. In Latin America, the historical lack of full experience of the Welfare state has been decisive in the appearance of new democratic Constitutions since the end of the 20th century. These Constitutions have the challenge, not easy, to construct a model of social state adequate to the needs of Latin American societies. In this context, the object of the present work is to analyze the differences in the constitutional construction and evolution of the social State in Europe and Latin America, and to explain why in Europe we can refer to a crisis of the social State, while in Latin America we attend to various attempts to generate a model of social state based, in some countries, on new constitutional texts that tend towards overcoming the comparative models of social constitutionalism. In the first section we analyze the reasons for the crisis of the social State in Europe and the challenges to overcome it. In the second section we develop the Latin American problematic in the construction of its own model of social constitutionalism, to conclude with the joint analysis of the two experiences. Keywords: Constitutional normativity. Democratic constitutionalism. New Latin American constitutionalism. Social rights. Welfare State.

scholarly journals Construcción comunitaria a partir de la resignificación de lugares de culto. Una propuesta para las franjas urbanas de América Latina

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (60) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Edwin Alexander Romero-Torres ◽  
Jairo Hernán Ovalle-Garay
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Participatory Process ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
America Latina ◽  
American Cities ◽  
New Settlements

The urban fringes of Latin American cities are the result of the accelerated growth that entails the formation of new settlements, that do not meet the basic needs of their inhabitants, and where the facilities have lost their meaning as a space to build the social and urban fabric. Starting from this problem, this text addresses the development of a place of worship that incorporates the concept of device as a piece of social articulation. The proposal starts from the analysis and diagnosis of the area and proposes two intervention scales under the “option generator model” (Carvajalino-Bayona, 1985) framework. The first consists of the improvement of the neighborhood in its main urban structures, while the second consists of the development of the architectural project that integrates worship activities with the dynamics of the neighborhood, from a multifunctional perspective. In this sense, urban relationships are strengthened, but at the same time, give continuity to the reflection raised from the design, where the participatory process is an opportunity to build dialogue and social fabric between the players involved, which in this case are part of communities in conditions of vulnerability.

Toward a Unique/Useful Concept of Values for Interpersonal Behavior: A Critical Review of the Literature on Value

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph H. Kilmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior

The concept of values has been defined differently within each discipline in the social sciences and many different methods have been proposed to measure individual values. For the purpose of deriving a unique concept of values it was necessary to distinguish values from other related concepts. This was accomplished by viewing values as evaluative dimensions, e.g., good-bad, desirable-undesirable, shoulds and oughts. Since the focus of this paper is not on values for values' sake, the value literature was critically examined in order to suggest the value concepts, value lists, and instrument methodologies which are expected to be useful for explaining, predicting, or changing behavior; specifically, interpersonal behavior. The paper concludes by systematically summarizing the research issues that need to be addressed, i.e., uniqueness and usefulness, if social scientists are to further substantive knowledge about values and behavior.

scholarly journals Sistemas Plurais de Direito: desde Práticas Sociais e Insurgências Latino-Americanas / Plural Legal Systems: from Social Practices and Latin American Insurgencies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Wolkmer ◽  
Débora Ferrazzo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
America Latina

Resumo: Verifica-se na América Latina o reconhecimento crescente da presença do pluralismo, decorrente da grande diversidade de sistemas normativos e culturas autóctones, engendrada especialmente pelos povos originários e pelo ingresso de outros povos e culturas, fomentados no processo de colonização. Tais sistemas coexistem com o direito estatal, trazido das metrópoles pelo colonizador, de modo que tal direito, na história do continente, desenvolveu-se subordinado a interesses da tradição elitista, negligenciando as necessidades de segmentos majoritários e violentando em um nível inclusive ontológico, a diversidade cultural do latino-americana, na busca pela concretização de um projeto universalizante, que conduz a um único paradigma – o eurocêntrico. Entretanto, nas últimas décadas, foram deflagradas dinâmicas sociais transformadoras em todo o continente, em especial na região andina, culminando na edificação legítima e comunitária do poder político e nas mudanças das instituições oficiais, legadas pela cultura jurídico-política colonizadora (tradição europeia), notadamente, a Constituição e o Estado. Assim, adota-se uma opção metodológica e epistemológica pautada na bibliografia crítica, objetivando analisar estes processos e as oportunidades promissoras para um projeto descolonizador, que se impõem como fenômeno de estudo fundamental para as diversas ciências sociais, especialmente para o direito, onde o aporte crítico é tão necessário.Palavras-chave: Colonização jurídica; Insurgência popular; Processos democráticos; Pluralismo jurídico. Abstract: Latin-America is currently experiencing a growing acknowledgement of a wide variety of normative systems and native cultures, especially those generated by indigenous peoples and the entrance of others cultures and peoples, fomented by the colonization process. These systems coexist with State law, brought in the metropolis by the colonizer, so that such a law, in continent's history, has been developed under the interests of an elitist tradition, neglecting the needs of major segments and violating, including in ontological level, the cultural diversity of the continent. This is a consequence of the quest for achieving the goals of a universalizing project, which is based on a single paradigm – the Eurocentric. However, in recent decades, new transformative social dynamics have been triggered across the Latin American continent, especially in the Andean region. These dynamics have culminated in the construction of a legitimate political power based on communitarian values and have promoted changes in the two major official institutions originally bestowed by the legal and colonial political culture (European tradition), namely, the Constitution and the State. Therefore, this study adopts a methodological and epistemological option based on critical bibliography, aiming at to analyze these processes and the promising opportunities for the decolonization project, which imposes a fundamental study to various social sciences, especially to legal science, where the critical apparatus is so necessary.Keywords: Legal colonization; Popular insurgency; Democratic processes; Legal pluralism.

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