scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Lignin-Based Polyurethane as a Potential Compatibilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Ilmiati ◽  
Jana Hafiza ◽  
Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah ◽  
Elvi Kustiyah ◽  
Mochamad Chalid
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Hyperbranched Structure

Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymer on earth. It has polar and non-polar side due to its hyperbranched structure, but the polarity of lignin has a higher tendency than non-polarity. Lignin has potential to be compatibilizer if the portion of non-polar can be increased. This research is focused on investigate the synthesis of lignin-based polyurethane to enhance the portion of non-polarity in lignin. Lignin-based polyurethane was prepared by reacting variation 4,4'-Methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), then lignin was added to the reaction. In this study, the structure of lignin-based polyurethane was confirmed by NMR and FTIR. NMR and FTIR showed that lignin successfully grafted. NMR, also used to investigate the variation molar mass of PEG and isocyanate contents effects to polarity of lignin-based polyurethane. The polarity of lignin-based polyurethane decrease as the composition of HMDI and molecular weight of PEG increase. This result also occurs on the sessile drop test that used to determine surface tension of lignin-based polyurethane. The thermal properties of lignin-based polyurethane also investigate using STA. Based on STA, enhancement of composition of HMDI and PEG increase thermal degradation and resistance of lignin-based polyurethane.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FARNESENE-BASED POLYMERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taejun Yoo ◽  
Steven K. Henning
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anionic Polymerization ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT A bio-based route to the production of trans-β-farnesene has recently been commercialized. Trans-β-farnesene is capable of being polymerized by both anionic and cationic pathways, creating low molecular weight polymers with structure–property relationships unique within the diene class of monomers. Trans-β-farnesene is produced through fermentation of sugar feedstocks. The pathway offers an alternative to petroleum-based feedstocks derived as by-products of naphtha or ethane cracking. Anionic polymerization of the monomer produces a highly branched “bottlebrush” structure, with rheological properties that are markedly different than those of linear diene polymers. Specifically, a lack of entanglements is observed even at relatively high molar masses. For hydroxyl-terminated oligomers, Tg as a function of molar mass follows a trend opposite non-functional materials. The synthesis and characterization of trans-β-farnesene–based polymers will be presented, including anionically prepared low molecular weight diols and monols.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(butylenes succinate) with Control Different End-Group

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Na Cui ◽  
Ji Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
End Group

Poly (butylenes succinate) (PBS) was synthesized by using1, 4-butanediol and succinate as starting material, titanic acid ester and acetate as catalyst, and tried to improve PBS by changing end-group to carboxyl, hydroxyl and chlorine. The results of GPC showed, molecular weight of four kinds of polymer was all beyond seventy thousand; chemical structure of the polymer was measured by FTIR and nitrogen/sulfur/chlorine elementary analyzer; PBS controlled end-group had better thermal properties by DSC and TG; different end-group had influenced mechanical properties; and biodegradability experiment results showed biodegradable speed of PBS can be controlled by changing their end-group.

Synthesis and characterization of an extractive-based bio-epoxy resin from beetle infested Pinus contorta bark

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 3483-3493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yu Kuo ◽  
Mohini Sain ◽  
Ning Yan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties

The cured bio-epoxy resins synthesized from low molecular weight tree bark extractives displayed good mechanical and thermal properties.

Synthesis and Characterization of 5-Fluorouracil and Polyethylene Glycol Esters as Prodrugs

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1509-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Wu Li ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Ji Cheng Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Chloroacetic Acid ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Drug Release Rate ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir

A series of novel polyethylene glycol derivates was synthesized by esterification of chloroacetic acid with polyethylene glycol.The PEG-5-FU conjugates were characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR and UV spectroscopy. The result showed that 5-FU was successfully connected to the ends of PEG ester. Drug content of PEG2000-5-FU conjugate achieved 17.4%. As the molecular weight of PEG increased, the water solubility of prodrugs improved. When the molecular weight of PEG reached 2000, the conjugate had the best water solubility and the highest drug release rate.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of different soybean oil-based polyols with fatty alcohol and aromatic alcohol

e-Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
Fukai Yang ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Yuyuan Deng ◽  
Xinyu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Intermolecular Force ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Epoxy Groups

Abstract In this article, five kinds of soybean oil-based polyols (polyol-E, polyol-P, polyol-I, polyol-B, and polyol-M) were prepared by ring-opening the epoxy groups in epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with ethyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, isoamyl alcohol, p-tert-butylphenol, and 4-methoxyphenol in the presence of tetrafluoroboric acid as the catalyst. The SOPs were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, viscosity, and hydroxyl numbers. Compared with ESO, the retention time of SOPs is shortened, indicating that the molecular weight of SOPs is increased. The structure of different monomers can significantly affect the hydroxyl numbers of SOPs. Due to the large steric hindrance of isoamyl alcohol, p-hydroxyanisole, and p-tert-butylphenol, SOPs prepared by these three monomers often undergo further dehydration to ether reactions, which consumes the hydroxyl of polyols, thus forming dimers and multimers; therefore, the hydroxyl numbers are much lower than polyol-E and polyol-P. The viscosity of polyol-E and polyol-P is much lower than that of polyol-I, polyol-B, and polyol-M. A longer distance between the molecules and the smaller intermolecular force makes the SOPs dehydrate to ether again. This generates dimer or polymers and makes the viscosity of these SOPs larger, and the molecular weight greatly increases.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Aryl Ether Quinoxaline)s with Controlled Molecular Weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 826-829
Author(s):  
Song Ya Zhang ◽  
Zhong Xiao Li ◽  
Jia Ling Pu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
Step Procedure

Novel poly(aryl ether quinoxaline)s (PEQs) were prepared via a two-step procedure. First, poly (ether benzil) (PEB) was synthesized by the polycondensation of 4,4’-difluorobenzil and 4,4’-isopropylidenediphenol.Then, PEB was reacted with 1,2-diaminobenzene and 4,4'-oxydibenzene-1,2-diamine to give the PEQs. The molecular weight of the PEQs could be adjusted easily by varying the molar ratio of 1,2-diaminobenzene to 4,4'-oxydibenzene-1,2-diamine. The PEQs exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents such as NMP, DMAc, DMF, cyclohexanone and chloroform. In addition, the PEQs also had high glass transition (Tg) temperatures and good thermal properties, with an initial thermal decomposition temperature above 475 oC and glass transition temperatures above 210 oC. They also exhibited excellent resistance to strong acid and alkali.

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