Spectral analysis, in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of bioactive principles from the leaves of Conocarpus lancifolius, a common tree of Jazan, Saudi Arabia

The objective of the present study was to analyse the bioactive compounds of the leaves of Conocarpus lancifolius (C. lancifolius). The GC-MS analysis of the hot methanolic extract of the leaves (HMEL) of C. lancifolius exhibited the bioactive compounds such as 1-(3-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzyl) iso quinoline, morphin-4-ol-6,7-dione, 1-bromo-N-methyl-, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, 2,2':4',2”-terthiophene, ethyl iso-allocholate, caryophyllene oxide, campesterol, epiglobulol, cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene-, (3á,5à)-, dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester) and oleic acid, eicosyl ester. The FT-IR analysis of HMEL of C. lancifolius showed a unique peak at 3184, 2413, 1657 cm-1 representing coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. The HMEL of C. lancifolius was actively inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells MCF-7 ATCC at the concentration of 72.66 ± 8.21 µg/ml as IC50 value. The HMEL of C. lancifolius also revealed a good spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cultures screened in this work. The activity observed has shown more or less similar effects against screened bacteria. However, the magnitude of potentiality was significantly lesser compared to standard ciprofloxacin disc at p< 0.001 level (99% confidence intervals). Furthermore, the study demonstrating the bioactive compounds can be isolated from the leaves of C. lancifolius.

Nondestructive Prediction of Isoflavones and Oligosaccharides in Intact Soybean Seed Using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Techniques

The demand for rapid and nondestructive methods to determine chemical components in food and agricultural products is proliferating due to being beneficial for screening food quality. This research investigates the feasibility of Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to predict total as well as an individual type of isoflavones and oligosaccharides using intact soybean samples. A partial least square regression method was performed to develop models based on the spectral data of 310 soybean samples, which were synchronized to the reference values evaluated using a conventional assay. Furthermore, the obtained models were tested using soybean varieties not initially involved in the model construction. As a result, the best prediction models of FT-NIR were allowed to predict total isoflavones and oligosaccharides using intact seeds with acceptable performance (R2p: 0.80 and 0.72), which were slightly better than the model obtained based on FT-IR data (R2p: 0.73 and 0.70). The results also demonstrate the possibility of using FT-NIR to predict individual types of evaluated components, denoted by acceptable performance values of prediction model (R2p) of over 0.70. In addition, the result of the testing model proved the model’s performance by obtaining a similar R2 and error to the calibration model.

Preparation and Properties of Autocatalytic Biobased Waterborne Polyol from Rosin Based Epoxy Resin

Due to the complex heterogeneous film forming process of two-component waterborne polyurethane (2K-WPU), the crosslinking reaction rate of 2K-WPU cannot meet the demand of efficient application in coatings. In order to improve the crosslinking reaction rate of 2K-WPU, a waterborne polyol containing tertiary amine groups was synthesized from rosin based epoxy resin and secondary amine compound, and then autocatalytic 2K-WPU was prepared by crosslinking the rosin based waterborne amino polyol with polyisocyanate. The structure of the polyol from rosin based epoxy resin was characterized with Fourier infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The crosslinking kinetics and the crosslinked product of the rosin based waterborne amino polyol were also compared with a commercial acrylic polyol. It was shown from the results that the crosslinking reaction rate of the rosin based waterborne amino polyol was faster than that of the commercial acrylic polyol, which indicated the tertiary amine groups chemically bonded in the rosin based polyols could autocatalyze the crosslinking reaction of 2K-WPUs with catalysts free. The film of the rosin based waterborne amino polyol had excellent impact strength, adhesion, flexibility, hardness, gloss, fullness and solvent resistance, showing a good application prospect in the field of waterborne coatings.

Anchoring silver nanoparticles on imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s with engineered nanopores as an efficient carrier for anticancer drug controlled delivery with antimicrobial effect

Due to the significance of drug delivery, the design of novel progressive nanomaterials for targeting drug delivery is a significant role in pharmacotherapy, as this method is supposed to reach a more exact target. One of the most distinguished materials by researchers is the poly ionic liquid (PIL), which have been used as anticancer drugs carriers and notably improve the antitumor effect and half-life. In this work, an efficient and stable nanocarrier containing silver nanoparticle, which were well distributed throughout the ionic liquid-based copolymer network (PILP-Ag), was reported for the drug delivery with antimicrobial effect. PILP was synthesized by radical silver nanoparticles was anchored into PIL voids by in-situ reduction, which enrich the adsorption capability of drug and antimicrobial effect of the nanocarrier. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by various techniques such as BET, TGA, SEM, TEM, AAS and FT-IR spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of the silver-containing PIL against both S. aureus and E. coli were studied by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration.

Curcuminoid Co-Loading Platinum Heparin-Poloxamer P403 Nanogel Increasing Effectiveness in Antitumor Activity

Nanosized multi-drug delivery systems provide synergistic effects between drugs and bioactive compounds, resulting in increased overall efficiency and restricted side effects compared to conventional single-drug chemotherapy. In this study, we develop an amphiphilic heparin-poloxamer P403 (HP403) nanogel that could effectively co-load curcuminoid (Cur) and cisplatin hydrate (CisOH) (HP403@CisOH@Cur) via two loading mechanisms. The HP403 nanogels and HP403@CisOH@Cur nanogels were closely analyzed with 1H-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, TEM, and DLS, exhibiting high stability in spherical forms. In drug release profiles, accelerated behavior of Cur and CisOH at pH 5.5 compared with neutral pH was observed, suggesting effective delivery of the compounds in tumor sites. In vitro studies showed high antitumor activity of HP403@CisOH@Cur nanogels, while in vivo assays showed that the dual-drug platform prolonged the survival time of mice and prevented tail necrosis. In summary, HP403@CisOH@Cur offers an intriguing strategy to achieve the cisplatin and curcumin synergistic effect in a well-designed delivery platform that increases antitumor effectiveness and overcomes undesired consequences caused by cisplatin in breast cancer treatment.

A comparative study on Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB composites for As(V) removal from water: preparation, characterization and reaction mechanism

Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB composites were prepared using an ionotropic gelation method. Various techniques were used to analyze the morphology, structure, and property of the adsorbents, including SEM, EDS, FT-IR, XPS, and zeta potential. Compared with Fe(III)-chitosan, Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB was more effective for As(V) adsorption at a wide range of pH (3–8). The adsorption of As(V) onto Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB could reach equilibrium in 20 min, and their maximum adsorption capacities were 33.85 and 31.69 mg g‒1, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model (R2=0.998 and 0.992), whereas the adsorption isotherms was fitted well by the Freundlich model (R2=0.963 and 0.987). The presence of H2PO4− significantly inhibited the adsorption of As(V) onto Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB, and humic acid also led to a slight decrease in As(V) adsorption by Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB. Over 94% of As(V) at the initial concentration of no more than 5 mg L−1 was removed from real water by the two adsorbents. 1% (w/v) NaOH solution was determined to be the most suitable desorption agent. Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB still maintained their initial adsorption capacities after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Based on different characterization results, both electrostatic attraction and surface complexation mechanisms played important roles in As(V) adsorption on Fe(III)-chitosan and Fe(III)-chitosan-CTAB.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Cyclic Voltammetric Behavior of N-aroyl-N′-(4′-cyanophenyl)thioureas

Herein, two title compounds, N-benzoyl-N′-(4′-cyanophenyl)thiourea (1) and N-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-N′-(4′-cyanophenyl)thiourea (2) were synthesized in a high yield, via different applications of aroyl isocyanate and 4-aminobenzonitrile. The structure of the prepared compounds was characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The crystal structure of the title compound 1 was determined by an X-ray single-crystal technique and an intramolecular C=O…H-N hydrogen bond and intermolecular C=S…H-N and C=S…H-C hydrogen interactions, which were observed for the crystal structure. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and the Mulliken atomic charges of title compounds 1 and 2 were theoretically calculated and interpreted. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) experiments for the compounds were performed with the glassy carbon electrode. The reduction in potential values of the different functional groups such as nitro and cyano in title compounds were investigated using CV curves.

Thiol-Ene Coupling of High Oleic Sunflower Oil towards Application in the Modification of Flexible Polyurethane Foams

High oleic sunflower oil-based polyol was obtained by thiol-ene coupling and applied in the preparation of flexible polyurethane foams. The photochemically initiated thiol-ene click reaction was carried out under UV irradiation using 2-mercaptoethanol. Bio-based polyol with hydroxyl value of 201.4 mg KOH/g was used as 30 wt% substituent of petrochemical polyether polyol in the formulations of flexible foams. Both reference foams, as well as foams modified with bio-based polyol, were formulated to have various isocyanate indices (0.85, 0.95, 1.05). Flexible foams were compared in terms of their thermomechanical properties and analyzed using FT-IR and SEM microscopy. Modification with bio-based polyol resulted in foams with superior compression properties, higher support factor, and lower resilience than reference foams. TGA and FT-IR curves confirmed the presence of urethane/urea and ether linkages in the polyurethane matrix. Moreover, double glass transition temperature corresponding to soft and hard segments of polyurethane was observed by DSC proving the phase-separated morphology.

NiII molecular complex with a tetradentate aminoguanidine-derived Schiff base ligand: structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies and photoelectric response

The new molecular nickel(II) complex, namely, {4-bromo-2-[({N′-[(2-oxidobenzylidene)amino]carbamimidoyl}imino)methyl]phenolato}nickel(II) N,N-dimethylformamide solvate monohydrate, [Ni(C15H11BrN4O2)]·C3H7NO·H2O, (I), crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1} with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The guanidine ligand is a product of Schiff base condensation between aminoguanidine, salicylaldehyde and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde templated by Ni2+ ions. The chelating ligand molecule is deprotonated at the phenol O atoms and coordinates the metal centre through the two azomethine N and two phenolate O atoms in a cis-NiN2O2 square-planar configuration [average(Ni—N/O) = 1.8489 Å, cis angles in the range 83.08 (5)–95.35 (5)°, trans angles of 177.80 (5) and 178.29 (5)°]. The complex molecule adopts an almost planar conformation. In the crystal, a complicated hydrogen-bonded network is formed through N—H...N/O and O—H...O intermolecular interactions. Complex (I) was also characterized by FT–IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It undergoes an NiII ↔ NiIII redox reaction at E 1/2 = +0.295 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in methanol solution. In a thin film with a free surface, complex (I) shows a fast photoelectric response upon exposure to visible light with a maximum photovoltage of ∼178 mV.

Synthesis of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles via Sol gel method and Its Characterization by using XRD and FT-IR Analysis

Nanotechnology is a completely unique branch of technology that offers with substances in a very small size between (1-100 nm) with various crystal shapes which include spherical nanoparticles, flower shaped, Nano rods, Nano ribbons, and Nano platelets. Metals have ability to produce large number of oxides. These metal oxides play an major role in many areas of chemistry, physics, material science and food science. In this research, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel process using zinc nitrate and copper (II) nitrate as precursor respectively. The characterization of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles was done by using various techniques. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicates the crystallinity and crystal size of CuO and ZnO nanoparticle. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to get the infrared spectrum of the sample indicating composition of the sample which contains various functional groups. XRD result shows the particle size of CuO at highest peak 29.40140 was 61.25 nm and the particle size of ZnO at highest peak 36.24760 was 21.82 nm. FT-IR spectra peak at 594.56 cm-1 indicated characteristic absorption bands of ZnO nanoparticles and the broad band peak at 3506.9 cm-1 can be attributed to the characteristic absorption of O-H group. The analysis of FT-IR spectrum of CuO shows peaks at 602.09, 678.39, and 730.19cm−1 which refer to the formation of CuO. A broad absorption peak noticed at 3308.2 cm−1 attributed to O–H stretching of the moisture content.