scholarly journals A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PELLET FORMATION TECHNIQUES AND ITS EVALUATION PARAMETERS-A REVIEW

Author(s):  
REHANA BEGUM A. ◽  
GANESH N. S. ◽  
VINEETH CHANDY

This review article deals with the various pelletization techniques utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for spheroidal particle production i.e., pellet for mainly oral administration which can be further formulated into several other dosage forms such as tablets, capsules or can be administered as such. Now-a-days oral administration has become the most versatile, convenient and common route of drug administration which ultimately focuses on patient compliance. The technique which is setting horizon in pelletization is “Extrusion Spheronization” because of its simple and easy steps involved in pellet production in a faster way. This review also includes the characterization and evaluation of pellets to ensure its quality, safety and efficacy to give out the required therapeutic activity after administration.

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110379
Author(s):  
Katie Xu ◽  
Elizabeth Hansen

Review objective There have been several advances in the field of myelodysplastic syndromes over the past year, yielding two new US Food and Drug Administration drug approvals. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, therapeutic use, adverse effects, clinical use controversies, product description, and upcoming trials for myelodysplastic syndromes novel agents luspatercept-aamt and decitabine/cedazuridine are reviewed. Data sources This review article utilized primary information obtained from both the published studies involved in the approval of luspatercept-aamt and decitabine/cedazuridine and package inserts for the respective medications. This review article utilized secondary information obtained from National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines using filters and keywords to sustain information relevancy as well as key studies using the keywords, “luspatercept-aamt, myelodysplastic syndromes, decitabine, cedazuridine, hypomethylating agent, ASTX727” from scholarly journal database PubMed. Data summary Myelodysplastic syndromes consist of myeloid clonal hemopathies with a diverse range of presentation. Until recently, there have been relatively few new therapies in the myelodysplastic syndromes treatment landscape. On April 3, 2020 the US Food and Drug Administration approved Reblozyl®(luspatercept-aamt), then on July 7, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration approved INQOVI® (decitabine and cedazuridine). Luspatercept-aamt acts as a erythroid maturation agent through differentiation of late-stage erythroid precursors. The safety and efficacy of luspatercept-aamt was demonstrated in the MEDALIST trial, a phase III trial in patients with very low-intermediate risk refractory myelodysplastic syndromes and ring sideroblasts. Luspatercept-aamt met both primary and secondary endpoints of transfusion independence of 8 weeks or longer and transfusion independence of 12 weeks or longer, respectively. Decitabine/cedazuridine has a unique mechanism of action in which decitabine acts as a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor promoting DNA hypomethylation and cedazuridine then prevents degradation of decitabine. The safety and efficacy of decitabine/cedazuridine was shown in the ASCERTAIN study, a phase III trial in patients with intermediate or high risk myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The primary outcome evaluated was 5-day cumulative area under the curve between decitabine/cedazuridine and IV decitabine as well as additional outcomes including safety. Decitabine/cedazuridine met primary outcome and had a similar safety profile to IV decitabine. Conclusion The novel myelodysplastic syndromes agents luspatercept-aamt and decitabine/cedazuridine provide a clinical benefit in the studied populations.


INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Menra Muse ◽  
J. S. Dua ◽  
D. N. Prasad ◽  

Buccal administration of drugs leads to systemic circulation through internal jugular vein, bypassing them from hepatic first pass metabolism and leading to greater bioavailability. Buccal mucosa is most preferred site for both local as well as systemic action. For administration of drug through mucosal route, various types of dosage forms can be prepared. Buccal films can release topical drugs with controlled and sustained effects. Buccal films have the advantage of improved patient compliance because of reduced size with a suitable thickness as compare to other delivery systems. Buccal film can enhance absorption of active medicament as compared to others. Synthetic natural and semi synthetic polymers in low concentration can be used for the preparation of buccal films. Such types of dosage forms are cost effective, non-irritating, easy to handle, elegant, rapidly absorbable and most preferred by consumer. The review describes the anatomy of oral mucosa, mechanism of buccal absorption, methods to increase drug delivery via a buccal route, formulation aspects and evaluation parameters of buccal films.


Author(s):  
Lankalapalli Srinivas ◽  
Sagar Shanti

The aim of any research work is to find the complications associated with the drug or formulation and find the conclusion of what can be the best possible way to solve them. It has been observed that drugs with short half-life, pH-dependent solubility and having absorption window in upper part of GIT forms good drug candidate for gastro retentive system. Since the formulation reside at a particular site and releases the drug in a controlled manner. In this review article, we have focussed on a thorough understanding on the gastric region, which helped in selecting drugs, various types of gastro retentive systems, new outcomes from recent literature, and important evaluation parameters to attain formulation objective and various marketed products available.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hale ◽  
Joseph Gimbel ◽  
Richard Rauck

Buprenorphine is a Schedule III opioid with unique pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties that contribute to effective analgesia and fewer safety risks than other opioids. This review article focuses on the buccal film formulation, which is preferable to other buprenorphine formulations on the basis of bioavailability, safety and efficacy. The clinical studies reviewed here confirm that buprenorphine buccal film offers effective and continuous pain relief that is generally well tolerated, with no cases of respiratory depression reported in any of the studies. On the basis of these clinical data and individual patient risk/benefit assessments, clinicians should consider utilizing buprenorphine buccal film as a first-line opioid treatment for chronic pain over other buprenorphine formulations or other opioids.


Author(s):  
Mangesh Pradeep Kulkarni ◽  
Arun Sharma ◽  
Sagar Tanwar ◽  
Parashara Bhattar Vandana ◽  
Sheetu Wadhwa ◽  
...  

Abstract: Pharmaceutical oral dosage forms are tremendously preferred by both consumers as well as pharmaceutical manufacturers owing to the plethora of benefits they offer. Lozenges (LZs) are one of the dosage forms that provide a palatable means of drug administration and have great importance with respect to their pharmaceutical applications. LZs offer additional benefits to pediatric and geriatric patients, along with people having associated problems with the gastro-intestinal tract. Dysphagia is a common problem faced by all age groups, which gives rise to the need for LZs. Moreover, the foremost merit presented by the medicated LZs includes its augmented retention time in the oral cavity that results in an enhanced bioavailability for buccal or upper gastro-intestinal disorders. Further, LZs can also be used to bypass the first-pass effect. The present review covers various aspects of LZs such as formulation, manufacturing techniques, evaluation parameters, marketed products, patents, and a compilation of research work that has been done on lozenges as a delivery system.


Author(s):  
Aditya Singh ◽  
Vaseem A. Ansari ◽  
Md Faheem Haider ◽  
Farogh Ahsan ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
...  

The concept of oral fast dissolving film is a new weapon of treatment to the remarkable pharmaceutical field over conventional formulation to enhance pharmacological activity and treat intrinsic and extrinsic factors that prevent nausea and vomiting to dissolve rapidly in the tongue. The oral fast-dissolving film is just like an umbrella that protects immediately from the rain because easy to administer and sudden onset of drug action is possible as the film is taken through the oral, buccal and sublingual route. The design and development of a promising technique with increased demand for the novel dosage forms to gain more patient compliance is an oral fast dissolving film. This product therapy is one of the best scientific innovative aha moment of targeted formulation for the delivery of active ingredients that requires no water for administration. This review article overview the novel opportunities in the oral dosage forms, application, formulation consideration method of preparation, marketed product and patented technologies of oral fast dissolving films.


Author(s):  
Maryam Khalili ◽  
Rezvan Amiri ◽  
Behzad Iranmanesh ◽  
Hamed Zartab ◽  
Mahin Aflatoonian

Author(s):  
Д.С. Суханов ◽  
В.С. Марьюшкина ◽  
Д.Ю. Азовцев ◽  
С.В. Оковитый

В статье рассмотрена сочетанная инфекция SARS-CoV-2 с другими возбудителями инфекций нижних дыхательных путей. Особое внимание уделено сочетанной вирусно-бактериальной инфекции, развившейся в амбулаторных условиях. Рассмотрены патогенетические механизмы COVID-19, предрасполагающие к развитию внебольничной пневмонии и их дифференциально-диагностические критерии. Подчеркнута необходимость обоснованного назначения антибиотиков. Авторами также указано отсутствие в настоящее время в литературе точных данных о преобладающих возбудителях пневмонии при COVID-19. Проанализирован алгоритм эмпирической антибактериальной терапии внебольничных пневмоний на фоне COVID-19 в амбулаторных условиях с позиций современных методических рекомендаций с акцентом на лекарственные формы для приема внутрь. Рассмотрены показания к назначению макролидов, особенности клинического применения азитромицина с учетом его спектра действия. Показаны преимущества азитромицина в сравнении с другими макролидами (кларитромицин, джозамицин), рассмотрены его иммуномодулирующее и противовоспалительное действие, а также рассмотрены точки приложения азитромицина в терапии осложнений инфекции SARS-CoV-2. С позиций фармакокинетических/фармакодинамических особенностей азитромицин (в отличие от остальных макролидов) обладает зависимым от концентрации бактерицидным эффектом, а следовательно, максимальная эрадикация микроорганизмов при его введении наблюдается при концентрации, превышающей минимальную подавляющую концентрацию примерно в 10 раз, тогда как время, в течение которого сохраняется эта концентрация, менее существенно. С одной стороны, с этим связана возможность его однократного применения, а с другой – степень и скорость абсорбции в желудочно-кишечном тракте напрямую определяют концентрацию препарата в тканях, а значит, и клиническую эффективность. Оценены преимущества лекарственной формы «таблетки диспергируемые» в сравнении с традиционными лекарственными формами для приема внутрь. Проанализированы фармакокинетические преимущества диспергируемых таблеток в виде их улучшенной биодоступности, их благоприятный профиль безопасности и удобство применения у различных категорий пациентов, а также потенциально более высокая клиническая эффективность. The article considers the combined infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections. Special attention is paid to a mixed viral-bacterial infection that developed in an outpatient setting. The pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19 predisposing to the development of community-acquired pneumonia and their differential diagnostic criteria are considered. The necessity of reasonable prescribing of antibiotics is emphasized. The authors also point out the current lack of accurate data in the literature on the predominant pathogens of pneumonia in COVID-19. The algorithm of empirical antibacterial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia against the background of COVID-19 in outpatient settings is analyzed from the standpoint of modern methodological recommendations with an emphasis on dosage forms for oral administration. Indications for the appointment of macrolides, features of the clinical use of azithromycin, taking into account its spectrum of action, are considered. The advantages of azithromycin in comparison with other macrolides (clarithromycin, josamycin) are shown, its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects are considered. From the standpoint of pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic features, azithromycin (unlike other macrolides) has a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect, and therefore, the maximum eradication of microorganisms upon its administration is observed at a concentration that exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration by about 10 times, while the time during which this concentration is retained, less significantly. On the one hand, this is associated with the possibility of its single use, and on the other, the degree and rate of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract directly determine the concentration of the drug in the tissues, and hence the clinical efficacy. The points of application of azithromycin in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection are considered. The advantages of the dosage form of the dispersed tablet in comparison with traditional dosage forms for oral administration are evaluated. The pharmacokinetic advantages of dispersed tablets in the form of their improved bioavailability, their favorable safety profile and ease of use in various categories of patients, as well as potentially higher clinical efficacy are analyzed.


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