scholarly journals An Intersectional Mixed Methods Approach to Understand American Indian Men’s Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e66-e89
Author(s):  
Ka`imi Sinclair ◽  
Kelly Gonzales ◽  
Claire Woosley ◽  
Tish Rivera-Cree ◽  
Dedra Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Indian Men ◽  
Distress Scale

This study used a parallel, convergent, mixed-methods design with TribalCrit theory and intersectionality as analytical frameworks to identify how the identities of American Indian men intersect with broader structures and systems in shaping their eating and physical activity choices and behaviors, and in eliciting recommendations for a men’s lifestyle intervention. American Indian men were recruited in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Portland, Oregon, between March and December 2017, and in Phoenix, Arizona, in December 2019 to participate in a survey and focus groups. The survey included questions on demographics and physical and cultural activities men engage in, perceived social support for lifestyle behaviors, masculine characteristics, and values important to American Indian men. The six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to assess psychological distress. Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed for a phenomenological analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlations were computed for survey data. We conducted 15 focus groups with 151 adult American Indian men in three urban sites. The mean age of participants ranged from 36 to 51 across the sites; 7–32% were college graduates; 13–22% were currently married, and 28–41% were working full time. The most important values reported by participants were being strong mentally and emotionally, a good parent, responsible, spiritual, and a good spouse or partner. On the K6 psychological distress scale, 63–70% scored ≥5 but <13 (moderate mental distress), and 8–15% scored ≥13, indicating severe mental distress. Younger age was significantly correlated with higher mean K6 score (P < 0.0001). Settler colonialism that took root in the United States imposed cultural and gender hegemony, which in turn enforced a patriarchal capitalist system that has had long-lasting and deleterious effects on American Indians, particularly American Indian men.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Psychological Distress in Suriname In Urban and Rural Areas: The Suriname Health Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
PW Gunther ◽  
M Sanches ◽  
CCF Smits ◽  
ISK Krishnadath
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Distress Scale

Objective: To describe the presence of mental distress in a representative sample of the Surinamese ethnic groups in the population, across urban and rural areas. Design and Methods: The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was applied to data from the Suriname Health Study (n=5,434 (15 to 65 years)) designed according to WHO Steps guidelines,to determine prevalences for mental distress in all living areas. Calculations were made in subgroups of sex, age, ethnicity, education, income, marital and employment status. The Odds Ratio (OR) for Sex and Ethnicity was estimated for mild-moderate and severe mental distress. Results: An overall prevalence of 3.8% (95%CI, 3.3-4.4) was observed for severe mental distress, 4.9% (95%CI, 4.4-5.5) for moderate mental distress and 10.8% (95%CI,10.0-11.6) for mild mental distress. The OR for mild-moderate and severe mental distress was 0.7 and 0.5 for men compared to women and higher prevalence of all categories of mental distress were found in women compared to men. Respondents with lower education and lower income showed higher prevalence of all categories of mental distress. Prevalence was also higher among respondents living in urban versus rural coastal areas, among singles versus people living with a partner and in unemployed versus employed. Maroons had higher Odds for mild-moderate and severe mental distress compared to Hindustani. Amerindian and Javanese had lower Odds for mild-moderate mental distress and Creole had lower Odds for Severe mental distress compared to Hindustani. Conclusions: Overall 19.5% of respondents reported mental distress. The main risk factors were female gender, Maroon ethnicity, low level of education and income, living in urban areas, unemployment and being single.

The moderating role of coping styles in the relationship between resilience and distress: A mixed-methods study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tenzin Yangchen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
The Relationship

UNSTRUCTURED Given the high incidence of mental disorders in populations exposed to traumatic events and ensuing detrimental consequences, it is apparent that a better understanding of the role of coping styles in resilience and distress is of paramount importance. The proposed mixed-methods exploratory study will present an empirical framework for the research by examining the relationship between resilience, coping styles (i.e., problem-focused, meaning-focused, and the two strategies of emotion-focused coping) and psychological distress. Further, this study aims to explore the moderating effects of different coping styles on the relationship between resilience and psychological distress. Seventy-five Tibetans currently residing in New York will be recruited for this study. An online battery of validated questionnaires comprising the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Brief COPE, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) will be administered via Qualtrics survey software to assess distress, coping styles, and resilience, respectively. Additionally, qualitative interviews will be conducted to explore the participants’ understandings of distress and resilience as well as to gain a fuller understanding of their utilization of coping styles. Based on the theoretical conceptualization of stress and coping, it is hypothesized that people who score high on problem-focused, meaning-focused, and emotion-focused (emotional support-seeking) coping will report higher resilience and lower levels of psychological distress. The researcher also hypothesizes that participants who identify emotion-focused coping (escapism-avoidance) as their primary coping style will report lower resilience and higher concurrent psychological distress. Path analysis with a series of multiple regression analyses will be used to evaluate the plausibility of those theoretical hypotheses.

scholarly journals Levels of Psychological Distress of Canadian University Student-Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Sullivan ◽  
Mishka Blacker ◽  
Jessica Murphy ◽  
John Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
University Student ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale

The mental health of Canadian university students is fairly well researched, but there is relatively little evidence concerning the mental health of Canadian university student-athletes. Recent research in the United States and Canada has suggested that mental health (e.g., anxiety and depression) differs between student-athletes and student non-athletes. However, the results are ambivalent as to whether student-athletes experience more or less psychological distress than their non-athlete peers. To address this gap, the purpose of the current study was to measure the levels of psychological distress in a national sample of 284 university student-athletes. Each athlete completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6; Kessler et al., 2002) via a secure online platform. The average score on the K6 for student-athletes was 8.2 out of 24; 19.8% of the sample surpassed the cut-off for assessing the prevalence of severe mental illness. A regression analysis found that gender, starting status, and scholarship status significantly predicted levels of psychological distress. Females, non-starters, and student-athletes without a scholarship were associated with increases in K6 scores.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of Kessler Psychological Distress Scale for Brazilian elderly: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Oliveira de Albuquerque Lins ◽  
Nathália Angel da Silva Lima ◽  
Girliani Silva de Sousa ◽  
Fernanda Jorge Guimarães ◽  
Iracema da Silva Frazão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽  
Distress Scale

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the validity and reliability of the Psychological Distress Scale for screening mental distress. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 75 elderly people. Psychological Distress scale and Self Reporting Questionnaire were used. Criterion validity was verified using Spearman’s correlation and diagnostic accuracy measures. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to investigate reliability. Results: the total internal consistency of the Psychological Distress Scale was α=0.844. Concurrent validity between this instrument and the Self Reporting Questionnaire was ρ=0.722 (p<0.001). The best cut-off point for screening mental distress among elderly people was a total score greater than 14, with sensitivity equal to 75.47% and specificity equal to 85.0%. Conclusions: the scale was robust for screening mental distress, given its high reliability, in terms of homogeneity, and adequate criterion validity, whose best cut-off point for screening was a score greater than 14.

Kessler Psychological Distress Scale

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
G. Andrews ◽  
L. J. Colpe ◽  
E. Hiripi ◽  
D. K. Mroczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale

The Development of an Online Tobacco Tracker Tool to Crowdsource Campus Environmental Reports for Smoke and Tobacco Free College Policies: A Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina F. Loureiro ◽  
Kim M. Pulvers ◽  
Melissa M. Gosdin ◽  
Keavagh R. Clift ◽  
Myra J. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Online Tracking ◽  
One Year

BACKGROUND College campuses in the United States have begun implementing Smoke and Tobacco-Free policies to discourage the use of tobacco. Smoke and Tobacco-Free policies, however, are contingent upon effective policy enforcement. OBJECTIVE To develop an empirically-derived online tracking tool (Tracker) for crowdsourcing campus environmental reports of tobacco use and waste to support smoke and tobacco-free college policies. METHODS An exploratory sequential mixed methods approach was utilized to inform the development and evaluation of the Tracker. In October 2018, three focus groups across two California universities were conducted and themes were analyzed, guiding Tracker development. After one year of implementation, users were asked in April 2020 to complete a survey about their experience. RESULTS In the focus groups, two major themes emerged: barriers and facilitators to tool utilization. Further Tracker development was guided by focus group input to address these barriers (e.g. information, policing, and logistical concerns) and facilitators (e.g. environmental motivators, positive reinforcement). Amongst 1,163 Tracker reports, those who completed the user survey (n=316) reported the top motivations to using the tool were having a cleaner environment (79%) and health concerns (69%). CONCLUSIONS Environmental concerns, a motivator which emerged in focus groups, shaped the Tracker’s development and was cited by the majority of users surveyed as a top motivator for utilization.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation and Predictors of Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eswatini: A Population-Based Household Telephone Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6700
Author(s):  
Mduduzi Colani Shongwe ◽  
Song-Lih Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
Distress Scale

The unpredictability of the COVID-19 pandemic can induce psychological distress in individuals. We investigated perceived stressors, prevalence of psychological distress and suicidal ideation, and predictors of psychological distress among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini. This study was a cross-sectional, population-based household telephone survey of 993 conveniently sampled adults (18+ years) from all the four administrative regions of Eswatini. Data were collected between 9 June and 18 July 2020 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, when the country was under a partial lockdown. COVID-19-related psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We performed weighted modified Poisson regression analyses to identify significant predictors of moderate/severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥5). The weighted prevalences of moderate (K6 scores: 5–12) and severe psychological distress (K6 scores: ≥13) were 41.7% and 5.4%, respectively. Participants reported several perceived COVID-19-related stressors, including worries and fears of the contagion-specific death, serious need for food and money, and concerns about loss of income or business. The weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation was 1.5%. Statistically significant predictors of increased risk for moderate/severe psychological distress included living in the Hhohho and Manzini regions; feeling not well informed about COVID-19; feeling lonely; having received COVID-19 food or financial relief from the government; feeling burdened by the lockdown; being married; and being youth (18–24 years). The results call for the government to urgently augment the provision of mental health services during the pandemic. Mental health practitioners and programs may use several stressors and risk factors identified in this study to inform interventions and government policies aimed at reducing psychological distress induced by the pandemic.

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