scholarly journals Influence of prebiotics in pigs nutrition on body weight and content of Escherichia coli in feces

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Mirjana Delic-Jovic
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
F1 Generation ◽  
Measurement Period

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotics in the diet of piglets after weaning on the increase in the average weight of experimental animals between female (?) and male (?) piglets, dynamically by weeks of experiment, as well as on the presence of Escherichia coli in faeces. The experiment included piglets at weaning, aged about 26 days. The F1 generation was used, which was created by crossing Landrace sows and Pietren boars. The piglets were fed for 56 days (8 weeks). Four groups were formed, each group was composed of 10 piglets (5 females and 5 males) with different concentrations of prebiotics and controls, in two replicates, a total of 100 experimental animals. Feed mixtures consisting of the same nutrients were used in the diet. Control groups (OA and OB) were fed with ordinary feed mixture, without the addition of additives, groups (IA and IB) with the addition of Bio-Mos prebiotics, in a concentration of 0.1%, groups (II-A and II- B) with 0.2%, groups (III-A and III-B) with 0.3% and groups (IV-A and IV-B) were fed with the addition of prebiotics in a concentration of 0.4%. It was concluded that the differences observed in the average weight between ? and ? piglets in any measurement period were not statistically significant. However, the best results in terms of average weight were given by the highest used concentrations of prebiotics in food, 0.4% and 0.3%. The preparation had a positive effect in terms of reducing the number of Escherichia coli bacteria in the digestive tract of piglets in all treatment groups by 42 to 320 times.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF RHINACANTHUS NASUTUS (L) KURZ AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI BACTERIA USING IN VITRO METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
SUNARTI M.BIOMED ◽  
DEBORA PANINSARI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Objective: The objective of this study was to discover of the ethanolic extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L) Kurz in inhibiting Escherichia coli bacteria using an in vitro method. Methods: This is an experimental study using a laboratory test with Kirby-Bauer or paper disc method by observing and measuring the inhibition zone of the ethanolic extract of R. nasutus against E. coli bacteria with extract concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 60% consisting of control groups and treatment group. The positive control group used chloramphenicol antibiotics and negative control groups used Aquadest. E. coli was incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Then, the plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C and the diameter of the inhibition zone was observed until the 3rd day with three repetitions. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean inhibition zone of E. coli bacteria was 10.93 mm, 12.09 mm, and 18.90 mm. The results of the Shapiro–Wilk test were p=0.199. The results of the one-way analysis of variance test were p<0.05 and that of the post hoc test indicated a significant value of p<0.05. Based on the results of the research, there were significant differences in the inhibition zone between the control group and the treatment group at a concentration of 15%, 30%, and 60%. Conclusion: R. nasutus extract was effective to inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria at concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 60%, so R. nasutus is effective as an antimicrobial.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS CHICKEN DUE TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF RAW PROPOLIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan ◽  
Ike Agustiani ◽  
Olive Wisepti Pratama ◽  
Syifa Khaerani ◽  
Mutholaah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Positive Effect

The use of antibiotics as an Antimicrobial Growth Promoter (AGP) for livestock has been banned because antibiotic residues in livestock meat can trigger antibiotic resistance in consumers. Propolis is a natural source that has benefits like antioxidants, antiviral, antifungal, and antibiotic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the addition of feed from the optimal composition of raw propolis to increasing broiler chickens' body weight of broiler chickens.  This study used broiler chickens as experimental animals. The chicken were grouped into six groups consisting of two control groups and four treatment groups with different level concentrations of propolis (2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg feed).  After treatment for four weeks, supplementation of raw propolis in the feed had not been able to provide a positive effect on growth performance and protein levels that were not significantly different from controls. Group chickens with propolis additions 6 g/kg feed showed the best results compared to other treatment groups. The group had final weight values, food conversion ratio (FCR), and carcass weight in 1970.67 gram, 1.52, and 1349.83 gram, respectively. The highest percentage of the carcass was shown by group chicken with propolis additions 2 g/kg feed, which is equal to 74.46%.  Raw propolis can reduce feed consumption but increase feed conversion ratio.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Monitoring of Adrenocortical Activity in Three Sympatric Desert Gerbil Species

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Álvaro Navarro-Castilla ◽  
Mario Garrido ◽  
Hadas Hawlena ◽  
Isabel Barja
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
Corticosterone Metabolites ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Fecal Corticosterone Metabolites

The study of the endocrine status can be useful to understand wildlife responses to the changing environment. Here, we validated an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to non-invasively monitor adrenocortical activity by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM) in three sympatric gerbil species (Gerbillus andersoni, G. gerbillus and G. pyramidum) from the Northwestern Negev Desert’s sands (Israel). Animals included into treatment groups were injected with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to stimulate adrenocortical activity, while control groups received a saline solution. Feces were collected at different intervals and FCM were quantified by an EIA. Basal FCM levels were similar in the three species. The ACTH effect was evidenced, but the time of FCM peak concentrations appearance differed between the species (6–24 h post-injection). Furthermore, FCM peak values were observed sooner in G. andersoni females than in males (6 h and 18 h post-injection, respectively). G. andersoni and G. gerbillus males in control groups also increased FCM levels (18 h and 48 h post-injection, respectively). Despite the small sample sizes, our results confirmed the EIA suitability for analyzing FCM in these species as a reliable indicator of the adrenocortical activity. This study also revealed that close species, and individuals within a species, can respond differently to the same stressor.

scholarly journals Magnetic Ni-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysts for Disinfection of Escherichia coli Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khang Cao Nguyen ◽  
Nghia Manh Nguyen ◽  
Van Quoc Duong ◽  
Khanh Van Nguyen ◽  
Hung Manh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalysts ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria

scholarly journals Responsiveness of the Scripps Neurologic Rating Scale During a Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Koziol ◽  
Adriana Lucero ◽  
Jack C. Sipe ◽  
John S. Romine ◽  
Ernest Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Active Therapy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Effect

Objective:The Scripps neurologic rating scale (SNRS) is a summary measure of individual components comprising a neurological examination, designed for use in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our objective is to evaluate the responsiveness of the SNRS, within the context of a 2-year, randomized, double-blind crossover study of the efficacy of cladribine for treatment of secondary progressive MS.Methods:Effect sizes were determined for the SNRS and its components, separately for each treatment group (initial placebo, and initial cladribine) over both years of the clinical trial, using a standard random effects model.Results:Individual components tended to show positive effect sizes (improvement) during periods of active therapy in both treatment groups, and negative effect sizes (deterioration) during periods of no active therapy. Summation indices derived from the individual components of the SNRS seemed somewhat more stable than the individual components. The two components mentation and mood, and bladder, bowel, or sexual dysfunction, were rather unresponsive in our clinical trial.Conclusion:Changes in the components of the SNRS over the course of our clinical trial were consistent between the two treatment groups. Most components were moderately responsive; and, the summary SNRS score appropriately summarized the moderate magnitudes of change evinced in the individual components.

Growth and furring of mink (Mustela vison) given diets containing the β-adrenergic agonist, cimaterol

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Slayden ◽  
J. E. Oldfield ◽  
F. Stormshak
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Fur Quality

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary cimaterol, a β-adrenergic agonist, on growth, carcass characteristics and pelt quality of kit mink. The 40 standard dark and 40 sapphire mink kits were assigned to a control or to one of three treatment groups (five males and five females of each colour phase per group). Treatment consisted of the inclusion of 0·5, 2 and 5 mg cimaterol per kg (dry) of a standard ranch mink diet (control). All animals were weighed at the initiation of the experiment (24 July) and at 28-day intervals until 16 October. At slaughter (12 December) body weights were recorded and pelts measured for length and evaluated for fur colour and quality by experienced fur graders. Samples of fur from similar sites on each animal were removed for measurement of guard hair and underfur diameter. Frozen carcasses were analysed for protein and fat content. Mink final weight decreased with increasing concentrations of dietary cimaterol (P < 0·05). Pelt length, which was found to be highly correlated with body size, was also reduced by cimaterol treatment. Feeding 2 and 5 mg cimaterol per kg diet to male kits, and 5 mg/kg to female kits caused a significant reduction in the proportion of carcass fat and increased the proportion of carcass protein (P < 0·05). Fur fibre diameter for both guard hair and underfur was not significantly affected by dietary cimaterol. There was also no significant effect of cimaterol treatment on fur quality. Cimaterol treatment did not result in diversion of nutrients from body proteins to the synthesis of fur and pelt proteins. Results of this research indicate that oral administration of cimaterol to mink will be of little practical value in fur production.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone Suppressed LPS-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase and Its Effect on Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Cui ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yun Long ◽  
Longxiang Su ◽  
Dawei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Rat Thoracic Aorta

The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism of sepsis-induced vascular hyperpermeability and the beneficial effect of glucocorticoid in protecting vascular endothelium. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a bolus intraperitoneal injection of a nonlethal dose of LPS (Escherichia coli055:B5, 10 mg/kg, Sigma) or vehicle (pyrogen-free water). Animals of treatment groups were also given either dexamethasone (4 mg/kg, 30 min prior to LPS injection) or the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitor doxycycline (4 mg/kg, 30 min after LPS injection). Both activities and protein levels of MMP-2p<0.001and MMP-9p<0.001were significantly upregulated in aortic homogenates from LPS-treated rats, associated with decreased ZO-1p<0.001and syndecan-1p=0.011protein contents. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline could significantly inhibit MMPs activity and reserve the expressions of ZO-1 and syndecan-1. The inhibition of MMPs by dexamethasone was significantly lower than that by doxycycline, while the rescue of syndecan-1 expression from LPS-induced endotoxemic rat thoracic aorta was significantly higher in the dexamethasone-treated compared to the doxycycline-treatedp=0.03. In conclusion, activation of MMPs plays important role in regulating ZO-1 and syndecan-1 protein levels in LPS mediated endothelial perturbation. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline inhibit activation of MMPs that may contribute to the rescue of ZO-1 and syndecan-1 expression.

scholarly journals Hari Widi Utomo Teaching Writing of Recount Text Using “Freeze! Freeze!” Game in Junior High School Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Hari Widi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
School Level ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Junior High School Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

One of the most difficult skills in English lesson is teaching writing. Therefore, this study aims to find out the effectiveness of “Freeze! Freeze!” game for teaching writing on grade eight students of SMP N 1 Rakit, Banjarnegara. This study is an experimental research at SMP N 1 Rakit. This study consisted of two groups which are experimental and control groups. In collecting the data, the writer used a test and the result was analyzed by using a t-test to find out the effect of the treatment. After analyzing the data, the writer found that there was a positive effect of the use of “Freeze! Freeze!” game in teaching writing of recount text. It could be seen from the result of hypothesis testing that the t-test was higher than the t-table (3.792>1.997). Thus, it can be concluded that the use of “Freeze! Freeze!” game in teaching writing of recount text was effective.

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