scholarly journals Potential health risk assessment due to the presence of toxic metals in drinking water from individual wells in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Milos Rajkovic ◽  
Mirjana Stojanovic ◽  
Sladjana Milojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Village

In order to verify the content of macro- and microelements in drinking water in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district, which has no centralized water supply system, an analysis of the water sampled from two individual wells was conducted using the indirect method recommended by Rajkovic and associates. Tests on the RDA and AAS showed that: Al, Fe, Cr, Pb and U were in concentrations higher than the values allowed by Regulations on the hygienic quality of drinking water. To determine the risk of the presence of toxic metals in the elevated concentrations, the assessment of short-term and long-term potential carcinogenic risks was conducted. Based on the results obtained in the tested water samples, it is noticed that the value of the coefficient of risk (CR) was less than 1 for all potentially toxic metals that were determined in drinking water, which implies that there is no short-term carcinogenic potential risk to human health. Based on the results of the long-term potential risk for the occurrence and development of cancer, the risk of getting cancer of Cr was identified in the inhabitants of the village that used potable water of the first sample. In case of Pb, a risk of developing cancer, concerning the first sample of drinking water, may occur in 44 out of 1000 people and regarding the second sample, in 183 out of 1000 people. Based on the calculated estimates of the long-term health risk related to the presence of U in drinking water, it can be seen that there is a health risk related to the use of both water samples. On the basis of the calculated estimates of the long-term health risk related to the presence of uranium in drinking water, it can be noticed that the use of both water samples may lead to the potential risk of developing cancer: in 24.5 inhabitants regarding the first water sample and in 10.3 out of 1000 inhabitants in the case of the second water sample.

Occurrences of Giardia cysts in beach water

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. W. Ho ◽  
T.-Y Tam
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beach Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

A total of 64 beach water samples with various bacteriological quality (Grades 1 to 4) were analysed for their bacteriological and parasitological contents (E coli and Giardia cysts respectively). Results indicated that Giardia cysts were detected in less than 10% of the Grade 1 beach water samples with E coli concentrations of <24/100mL. For Grades 2, 3 & 4 beach water samples, Giardia cysts were found, respectively, in 85, 50 and 64% of the samples. Except for one beach water sample which had an unusually high concentration of Giardia cysts (23 cysts/L), they were generally present at moderate concentrations (<10 cysts/L) in all other beach water samples. Despite moderate levels of Giardia cysts present in beach water of different grades, the potential health risk faced by swimmers bathing in local beach water needs to be carefully assessed as Giardia is known to have a low infectious dose.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial Communities in Water and Soil of the Fulani and non-Fulani in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayorinde O Afolayan ◽  
Funmilola A Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Soil And Water

Introduction: Interactions between environmental factors (water and soil) and humans are inevitable, particularly in rural and semi-urbanized regions. As such, knowledge on the microbial constituents of these environmental factors is key to understanding potential risk to public health. However, the microbial profile of soil and water present in vulnerable human communities in Nigeria is currently unknown. This study sought to investigate the composition of soil and water microbiota in the environment inhabited by recently studied human communities (the Fulani nomadic group and the urbanized Jarawa ethnic group) and estimate the contribution of these environmental factors to the microbiome of the aforementioned human communities. Methodology: Soil and water samples were collected from the Fulani and non-Fulani community in Jengre (Plateau State, Nigeria) and Jos (Plateau State, Nigeria), respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from these environmental samples, followed by Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and bioinformatics analysis via Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology QIIME. Results: There is abundance of Proteobacteria (43%) signature members in soil samples obtained from both human communities. Analysis of the water samples revealed the abundance of Proteobacteria, particularly in water sourced from the borehole (Fulani). Pseudomonas (30%) had higher relative abundance in the drinking water of the Fulani. Conclusions: The drinking water of the Fulani could be a potential health risk to the studied Fulani community. Factors that increase the abundance of public health threats and health risk, such as hygiene practices, soil and water quality need to be studied further for the improvement of health in vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water and Evaluation of Potential Health Risks of Long-Term Exposure in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsikak U. Benson ◽  
Oyeronke A. Akintokun ◽  
Adebusayo E. Adedapo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Daily Intakes

Levels of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water from water treatment plants (WTPs) in Nigeria were studied using a gas chromatograph (GC Agilent 7890A with autosampler Agilent 7683B) equipped with electron capture detector (ECD). The mean concentrations of the trihalomethanes ranged from zero in raw water samples to 950 μg/L in treated water samples. Average concentration values of THMs in primary and secondary disinfection samples exceeded the standard maximum contaminant levels. Results for the average THMs concentrations followed the order TCM > BDCM > DBCM > TBM. EPA-developed models were adopted for the estimation of chronic daily intakes (CDI) and excess cancer incidence through ingestion pathway. Higher average intake was observed in adults (4.52×10-2 mg/kg-day), while the ingestion in children (3.99×10-2 mg/kg-day) showed comparable values. The total lifetime cancer incidence rate was relatively higher in adults than children with median values 244 and 199 times the negligible risk level.

scholarly journals Potential health risk assessment related to arsenic pollution and hydrogeochemistry of groundwaters in Akşehir and surroundings (Konya/Turkey)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simge Varol
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater

Abstract Groundwater is an important water resource used for drinking, domestic and agricultural activities in Akşehir and surroundings. However, intensive agricultural and human activities in the region adversely affect groundwater quality. In this study, 31 water samples were collected from wells. According to the Piper diagram, groundwater in the study area was in the Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Ca–HCO3 water facies. As a result, it is not appropriate to use groundwater as drinking water in the study area in terms of trace elements and pollutant analysis results of water samples compared to limit values determined by WHO and ITHASY drinking water guidelines. The arsenic concentration in groundwater was studied in detail. The origin and concentration of arsenic in groundwater is associated with agricultural activities and pesticides in the region. Accordingly, a health risk assessment was carried out for the use of groundwater in the study area as drinking water. The results for all samples analyzed indicate that the groundwater concerned was not suitable for drinking purposes because of arsenic concentrations which exceeded maximum acceptable levels.

scholarly journals Lalabet Financial Analysis: Study of Islamic Economics at Micro Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-244
Author(s):  
Ainorrofiqie Ainorrofiqie ◽  
Umrotul Khasanah ◽  
Akhmad Djalaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Family ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

This research aims to explore the model of financial management tradition Lalabet in the village of Babbalan District Batuan Sumenep. This study is based on the fact that occurred in the community about the implementation of traditions carried out by the heirs to family members who died. Interpretative qualitative research is used and an in-depth understanding of a problem that occurs is emphasized more. Based on the results of this study, the financial management tradition Lalabet can be done based on accounting equations. The accounts contained in the accounting equation is not used in its entirety and are reported as are generally financial statements. In this case, the source of funds in carrying out Lalabet tradition is sourced from personal money, money and donations from the family, money from Muslimat, debt, and money or goods from Lalabet's proceeds. The impact is the onset of debt both short-term and long-term. While the expenditure is in the form of costs in taking care of the body, costs for tahlilan (petto'arean), pa'polo, nyatos, nyataon, nyaebu, mangaji, ngin-tangin, nyalenin mayyid, and ajege makam (kep-sekep).

scholarly journals Behavioural Toxicology of Midge Larvae Chironomous sp. after Acute In Situ Exposure of Different Industrial Effluents and Drinking Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Debika Bhunia ◽  
Subhodeep Sarkar ◽  
Kushal Banerjee ◽  
Abantika Nandy ◽  
Soumendra Nath Talapatra
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Behavioural Toxicology ◽  
Lead Acid

Behavioural activities in relation to toxicological aspects involve behavioural changes of aquatic organisms under the exposure of a contaminant. The present study aims to know behavioural activities of midge larvae Chironomus sp. at the in-situ acute exposure of different chemicals containing wastewater viz. lead-acid battery industrial effluent, mixed industrial effluent and fresh tap water (chlorinated) as drinking water in comparison to control (dechlorinated) water sample (aged tap water). The Chironomus larvae were kept in three different experimental chambers (perforated wall test vessels) with the exposure of different water samples. These samples were made with no dilution, 50 % dilution, 2.5 % dilution and control water sample. The behavioral activities for larvae of Chironomus sp. were measured at 0h, 2h, 24h and 48 h in in-situ condition. The behavioral activities viz. crawling, looping, ventilation, paralyses and subsequently death of the larvae were recorded in the field condition. A significant differences (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P< 0.001) were observed with increasing time of exposure while in few cases the data were increased without significance level. It was recorded that after exhibiting behavioural activities viz. crawling, looping, ventilation and paralyses finally all species were died 100 % of the population in lead acid battery effluent following both 24h and 48hr exposure. In addition, death of larvae were 70 % in mixed industrial effluent and 50 % in fresh tap water (chlorinated) after 48h exposure as compared to control sample water. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the larvae of Chironomous sp. are suitable indicators in the evaluation of the effluent quality in the studied stream, potential to know by behavioural toxicological study for heavy metals and organic pollution. Although it is a preliminary observation by assessing behavioural toxicology but future study in relation to biochemical and genetic damage of Chironomous larvae with the exposure of toxic water samples will provide bigger view.

scholarly journals Drinking water quality in schools of the Santarém region, Amazon, Brazil, and health implications for school children

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Smidt Celere Meschede ◽  
Bernardino Ribeiro Figueiredo ◽  
Renato Igor da silva Alves ◽  
Susana Inés Segura-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
School Children ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Aluminium Content ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

The quality of drinking water and its health implications for school children were examined at schools in the Santarém region, Amazon, Brazil. In this region, the population is fully supplied by groundwater from the voluminous Alter do Chão aquifer. Drinking water samples from three schools in Santarem city and from one school at the rural Mojuí dos Campos town were subjected to microbiological and physicochemical compositional analyses. The health risk of human exposure to chemical compounds through water intake was also evaluated. The results indicated that most water samples were contaminated with total coliform and with E. coli, which could cause serious intestinal disorders for school children. Drinking water was acidic and most of the chemical element concentrations were within Brazilian water potability recommended levels. One exception was the high aluminium content in schools from Santarem served by shallower wells, suggesting that further epidemiological studies are necessary and the monitoring of exposed school children should not be discarded. Elevated nitrate concentrations were also noted in schools from Santarém with shallower wells, indicating lack of sanitation and the importance of periodic monitoring of drinking water to prevent adverse health effects. Quantification of human health risk indicated a hazard in schools served by shallower wells, with aluminium as the main pollutant, followed by nitrate. The results showed that most drinking water quality parameters are in accordance with Brazilian legislation. However, microbiological contamination, water acidity, aluminium and nitrate concentrations must be taken into consideration for local governments in order to prevent related diseases among school children.

The FDA Surveillance Index for Pesticides: Establishing Food Monitoring Priorities Based on Potential Health Risk

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-124
Author(s):  
Donald V Reed
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Pesticide Monitoring ◽  
Food Monitoring ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Through an approach called the Surveillance Index (SI), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is systematically evaluating the potential health risk of pesticides that may be present as residues in foods. The SI is being used as a primary tool in the establishment of monitoring priorities. Each pesticide is classified and assigned to one of 5 levels of potential risk. The SI documents that are prepared for individual pesticides (a) summarize the information used to assess potential dietary exposure and health risk, (b) provide the rationale for the assigned classification, and (c) identify needs and actions necessary to accomplish appropriate monitoring of the food supply. Reasons are described for the development of the SI, the content of the SI Documents, and the use of the SI in planning and redirecting FDA pesticide monitoring activities.

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