New evidence for prehistoric copper metallurgy in the vicinity of Bor

Neolithic Causewayed Enclosures and Later Prehistoric Farming: Duality, Imposition and the Role of Predecessors at Kingsborough, Isle of Sheppey, Kent, UK

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/s0079497x00000207 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 235-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael J. Allen ◽

Matt Leivers ◽

Chris Ellis ◽

Simon Stevens ◽

Susan Clelland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Social Relationship ◽

Special Function ◽

Chronological Sequence ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

Field Systems ◽

The Bronze Age

Developer-funded archaeology on the Isle of Sheppey resulted in the discovery of not one but two Neolithic causewayed enclosures on the same hilltop in very close (c. 300 m) proximity. In the later Bronze Age enclosures and cremation cemeteries were constructed immediately to the east, followed by Iron Age enclosures and, ultimately, field systems dating to the later Iron Age onwards. A radiocarbon programme enabled the chronological sequence and hiatus between all of these events to be discerned, but the majority of this paper explores the physical, chronological, and social relationship between the two Neolithic causewayed enclosures. These were of different forms and, although on the same hilltop, they each seem to have had distinctly different viewsheds over the Thames and the Swale respectively. There are subtle, but potentially significant, differences in the material culture and deposition which allow exploration of the possible functions and role(s) of the two largely contemporaneous sites. Questions may be addressed such as whether they performed the same functions for two communities or had separate and distinct roles for a single community. Beyond the Neolithic, the paper also explores the nature of the later use of the hilltop. The Bronze Age enclosures, though agricultural in function, clearly seem to respect their Neolithic predecessors invoking a remembrance of space, which is lost by the Iron Age. The shift away from the special function of this landscape in the Neolithic to a subsequent agricultural use is explored, as is the hiatus in use and subsequent re-use of the area.

Non-discursive Knowledge and the Construction of Identity Potters, Potting and Performance at the Bronze Age Tell of Százhalombatta, Hungary

Cambridge Archaeological Journal ◽

10.1017/s0959774309000274 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 203-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Sandy Budden ◽

Joanna Sofaer

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Social Categories ◽

Social Sphere ◽

Construction Of Identity ◽

Differential Acquisition ◽

The Social ◽

And Performance ◽

The Bronze Age

This article explores the relationship between the making of things and the making of people at the Bronze Age tell at Százhalombatta, Hungary. Focusing on potters and potting, we explore how the performance of non-discursive knowledge was critical to the construction of social categories. Potters literally came into being as potters through repeated bodily enactment of potting skills. Potters also gained their identity in the social sphere through the connection between their potting performance and their audience. We trace degrees of skill in the ceramic record to reveal the material articulation of non-discursive knowledge and consider the ramifications of the differential acquisition of non-discursive knowledge for the expression of different kinds of potter's identities. The creation of potters as a social category was essential to the ongoing creation of specific forms of material culture. We examine the implications of altered potters' performances and the role of non-discursive knowledge in the construction of social models of the Bronze Age.

Excavations at Mad Mans Window, Glenarm, Co. Antrim: Problems of Flint Exploitation in East Antrim

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/s0079497x00004102 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 77-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P. C. Woodman

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Narrow Strip ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Flat Side ◽

Neolithic Age ◽

North Eastern ◽

Basalt Plateau ◽

The Bronze Age

This study examines the archaeological significance of the material from a group of Neolithic chipping floors rescued during the rebuilding of the Antrim coast road, at Mad Mans Window, south of Glenarm, Co. Antrim. It shows that the lithic production strategies vary significantly between assemblages although it is presumed that they are all Neolithic in date and come from the same area of coast. It is apparent that flint axe production was of limited importance on these sites and that in spite of the abundance of flint available along the Antrim coast, relatively few polished flint axes were manufactured. Instead the numerous flint caches found in adjacent parts of the north-east of Ireland tend to produce scrapers and blades. Hoards containing arrowheads may be confined to the Bronze Age.Around 300 polished flint axes and roughouts are known from Ireland. These are frequently small and only partially polished. A limited number of highly polished axes with ground flat side facets have been designated sub-type A. The tendency to use porcellanite rather than flint for axe manufacture may be due to its ability to withstand robust shock.During the last 100 years, the role of flint as a key resource in the stone age of north-eastern Ireland has always been recognized but this has usually led to an uncritical assumption as to the paramount importance of flint. Work in recent years has shown that its significance in attracting and retaining Mesolithic settlement may have been over-emphasized.The role of the flint industries in the Irish Neolithic in this region has never been properly assessed, either in relation to older Mesolithic manufacturing traditions or in the broader context of supply to the Neolithic communities of this part of Ireland.In particular, good or even reasonable quality flint is usually only exposed in Cretaceous outcrops along a narrow strip on the edge of the basalt plateau and, therefore, has a very limited availability in parts of Co. Antrim as well as parts of Counties Down and Deny. As a contrast, erratic and beach flint is available in some quantity down the east coast of Ireland from Co. Down to Wexford. A second potential constraining factor is that unlike Britain, where flint was exploited for axe manufacture in the east and other rocks in the west, flint sources and porcellanite for axe manufacturing are both found adjacent to each other in the same corner of Co. Antrim. In particular, a number of more substantial chipping floors of Neolithic age are known, e.g. the opencast quarry sites at Ballygalley Head. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of flint production on the Antrim coast with particular reference to its significance in the Neolithic. This topic will be developed in the context of an analysis of the material found at Mad Mans Window near Glenarm.

Tankards of the British Iron Age

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/ppr.2015.15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 311-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jonathan A. Horn

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Iron Age ◽

Copper Alloy ◽

Alloy Sheet ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Roman Britain ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

The Social ◽

New Evidence

Iron Age tankards are stave-built wooden vessels completely covered or bound in copper-alloy sheet. The distinctive copper-alloy handles of these vessels frequently display intricate ‘Celtic’ or La Tène art styles. They are characterised by their often highly original designs, complex manufacturing processes, and variety of find contexts. No systematic analysis of this artefact class has been undertaken since Corcoran’s (1952a) original study was published in Volume 18 of these Proceedings. New evidence from the Portable Antiquities Scheme for England and Wales and recent excavations have more than quadrupled the number of known examples (139 currently). It is therefore necessary and timely to re-examine tankards, and to reintegrate them into current debates surrounding material culture in later prehistory. Tankards originate in the later Iron Age and their use continued throughout much of the Roman period. As such, their design was subject to varying influences over time, both social and aesthetic. Their often highly individual form and decoration is testament to this fact and has created challenges in developing a workable typology (Corcoran 1952a; 1952b; 1957; Spratling 1972; Jackson 1990). A full examination of the decoration, construction, wear and repair, dating, and deposition contexts will allow for a reassessment of the role of tankards within the social and cultural milieu of later prehistoric and early Roman Britain.

Conclusions

10.1093/oso/9780198804079.003.0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

David Segal

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

21St Century ◽

International Conflict ◽

Materials Development ◽

The Bronze Age

Chapter 13 is the last chapter. It suggests how the 21st century may be described in terms of ‘ages’ analogous to the Bronze Age or Iron Age. Will the 21st century be described as the Silicon Age? Or perhaps be referred to as the Genomic Age? Or maybe the New Polymer Age? The role of climate change and international conflict on the pace of materials development are discussed.

Курган ямной культуры на южном берегу р. Егорлык

Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук ◽

10.22162/2587-6503-2020-1-10-31 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-31

Author(s):

Erdni A. Kekeev ◽

◽

Maria A. Ochir-Goryaeva ◽

Evgeny G. Burataev ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Transition Period ◽

Early Bronze Age ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Eastern Slope ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

Excavation Work ◽

The Bronze Age

The article presents materials from the excavation work of the mound 1 from the Egorlyk group. The mound was formed over two burials of the Yamnaya culture of the early Bronze Age era. The only inlet burial was placed in the center of the mound during the transition period from the late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age. The discovery of this monument is significant because it is the first monument of the Bronze Age explored on the north-eastern slope of the Stavropol height, in-between the rivers Egorlyk and Kalaus and bounded from the east by the lake Manych.

The beginning of Iron Age copper production in the southern Levant: new evidence from Khirbat al-Jariya, Faynan, Jordan

Antiquity ◽

10.1017/s0003598x00100195 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 84 (325) ◽

pp. 724-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Erez Ben-Yosef ◽

Thomas E. Levy ◽

Thomas Higham ◽

Mohammad Najjar ◽

Lisa Tauxe

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Tenth Century ◽

Copper Production ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Southern Levant ◽

Copper Ore ◽

New Evidence ◽

Ore District

The authors have explored the workplace and house of copper workers of the early Iron Age (twelfth to tenth century BC) in Jordan's Wadi Faynan copper ore district, showing that it belongs in time between the collapse of the great Bronze Age states and the arrival of Egyptians in the area under Sheshonq I. They attribute this production to local tribes – perhaps those engaged in building the biblical kingdom of Edom.

КУРГАН ЯМНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ НА ЮЖНОМ БЕРЕГУ Р. ЕГОРЛЫК

Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук ◽

10.22162/2587-6503-2020-1-13-10-31 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 10-31

Author(s):

Erdni A. Kekeev ◽

◽

Maria A. Ochir-Goryaeva ◽

Evgeny G. Burataev

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Transition Period ◽

Early Bronze Age ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Eastern Slope ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

Excavation Work ◽

The Bronze Age

The article presents materials from the excavation work of the mound 1 from the Egorlyk group. The mound was formed over two burials of the Yamnaya culture of the early Bronze Age era. The only inlet burial was placed in the center of the mound during the transition period from the late Bronze Age to the early Iron Age. The discovery of this monument is significant because it is the first monument of the Bronze Age explored on the north-eastern slope of the Stavropol height, in-between the rivers Egorlyk and Kalaus and bounded from the east by the lake Manych.

The Coming of Agriculture People, Landscapes, and Change c.4000 –1500 bc

The Peopling of Britain ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198297598.003.0009 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Alasdair Whittle ◽

Colin Renfrew

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Central Europe ◽

General Tendency ◽

Neolithic Period ◽

Way Of Life ◽

The People ◽

New Evidence ◽

The Bronze Age ◽

Growing Population

This chapter reviews the development of agriculture in Britain and Ireland from the Neolithic period to the middle of the Bronze Age (approximately 4000 to 1500 bc in calendar years), and the associated questions of the identity of the people involved, the density of populations, and their effect on the landscape. This brief account is set in the context of the wider development of an agricultural way of life on the adjacent continental mainland, going as far back as 6000 bc in central Europe. I hope to raise questions as much as to answer them, and to concentrate wherever possible on new evidence and approaches. I should like to frame my discussion by setting out four hypotheses: 1. Overall, change was slow, but punctuated by spurts or accelerations (notably around 5500 bc, 4000 bc, and 1500 bc), whose nature is still poorly understood. This hypothesis stands in opposition to a general tendency to envisage a steadily intensifying evolution of subsistence methods, population levels, and landscapes. 2. There was much continuity of population both in continental Europe and in Britain and Ireland, but the role of colonization still needs seriously to be considered. This hypothesis seeks to re-examine both the assumption in continental research of major colonization with the onset of the Neolithic and the recent British consensus that the beginnings of the Neolithic were essentially to do with the acculturation of an indigenous population. 3. Although some landscapes had been cleared of substantial tracts of woodland by about 2500–2000 bc, population levels in most parts of Britain and Ireland remained relatively low at least until the middle of the Bronze Age, and the lifestyle can be characterized by continuing mobility and/or short-term sedentism. This hypothesis restates recent opposition to the notion that the introduction of agriculture entailed sedentary existence, rapidly growing population, and intensifying production right from the start. The coming of agriculture in a more familiar guise, although preceded in Britain and Ireland by herding and piecemeal cultivation from about 4000 bc, was not seen till as late as about 1500 bc onwards.

The concentration and centralization of late prehistoric settlement in central Italy: the evidence from the Nepi Survey

Papers of the British School at Rome ◽

10.1017/s0068246213000032 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 1-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ulla Rajala

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Iron Age ◽

Central Italy ◽

Population Pressure ◽

Early Iron Age ◽

Late Prehistoric ◽

Gis Modelling ◽

Middle Bronze Age ◽

New Evidence ◽

The Bronze Age

This article discusses the evidence for the concentration and centralization of late prehistoric settlement in central Italy, using the territory of Nepi as an example of settlement aggregation in southern Etruria. This example helps to explain the regional developments leading to urbanization and state formation in Etruria from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. The article also publishes new sites with late prehistoric ceramic material from the Neolithic or Epineolithic to the Iron Age in the territory of Nepi found during the Nepi Survey Project. This new evidence is discussed together with previously published material, and presented as further evidence that the developments leading to the occupation of naturally defended sites in the Final Bronze Age had their origins in the Middle Bronze Age. Similarly, the analysis, aided by agricultural and GIS modelling, suggests that the hiatus in the settlement and its dislocation after an apparent break between the Final Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age may have been caused by population pressure. After the settlement aggregated in one centre at Nepi, there are signs of further expansion in the Iron Age.