scholarly journals Methods for identifying counterfeit money in the territory of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia in the 19th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 341-359
Author(s):  
Gordana Jaukovic ◽  
Nevenka Knezevic-Lukic
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Paper Money ◽  
The People ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Value Of Money ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Counterfeiting is one of the oldest and most persistent criminal offences. Scientific and technological development has enabled the emergence of a more modern money manufacturing technology and improvement of money protection systems, though at the same time it broadened the possibilities for criminal offences, notably the production of counterfeits. In the mid-1860s, the money in circulation in the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia was of foreign origin, comprising 43 types of different metal coins and one type of paper money. Gold and silver money of European origin was deemed by the people to be better and ?purer? than Turkish money. In an effort to establish control over the technological process of manufacturing the national currency and at the same time prevent the counterfeiting of money of different types and origin, the Principality of Serbia appointed chemists Mihajlo Raskovic and later Sima Lozanic, as ?examiners of ores and false money?. Almost all counterfeit currencies appeared immediately in circulation in the territory of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia. This paper presents the methods used in the process of identifying false/suspect money, methods used to determine the nominal value of money, the importance of introduction of those scientific methods in the criminal and legal sphere of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia, which can be considered the beginning of the forensic chemistry in Serbia.

scholarly journals Geograficidades nas Toadas do Bumba-meu-boi de Maracanã: dos Manifestos de Amor ao Lugar às Possibilidades na Gestão da APA da Região de Maracanã, São Luís - MA, Brasil

2020 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
FABIANA PEREIRA CORREIA ◽  
LUCIENE CRISTINA RISSO
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultura Popular ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

 Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa fenomenológica sobre sentidos de lugar e geograficidades na gestão da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Região de Maracanã, localizada no município de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão. O principal objetivo é refletir sobre as geograficidades expressas nas toadas do Bumba-meu-Boi de Maracanã, visando demonstrar seu potencial na gestão da APA. Dentre os procedimentos metodológicos, se destacam: revisão teórica, participação em eventos do Bumba-meu-Boi, consultas a jornais e sítios eletrônicos, registros fotográficos e conversas com representantes do Bumba-meu-Boi. Os resultados demonstram que as geograficidades identificadas são manifestos de topofilia, fatos relevantes à gestão pública da APA. Ademais, indicam a necessidade de incluir aspectos das geograficidades na gestão de territórios protegidos. Agradecemos à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA), bem como a todas as pessoas e instituições que apoiam a realização da pesquisa.Palavras-chave: Topofilia. Cultura popular. Conservação ambiental.Geographicities in the Tunes of the Maracanã’s Bumba-meu-boi: from Manifests of Topophilia to Possibilities in the Management of the EPA of the Maracanã Region, São Luís - MA, BrazilABSTRACT This article results from a phenomenological research on meanings of place and geographicities in the management of the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of the Maracanã Region, located in São Luís, Maranhão State. The main objective is to reflect about the geographicities expressed in the tunes of Maracanã’s Bumba-meu-Boi, to demonstrate its potential in EPA management. Among the methodological procedures, the following stand out: theoretical review, participation in Bumba-meu-Boi events, newspapers and websites searches, photographic register and conversations with representatives of Bumba-meu-Boi. The results show that the identified geographicities are manifest of topophilia, facts relevant to EPA's public management. Moreover, they indicate the need to include aspects of geographicities in the management of protected territories. We thank the Support Foundation for Research and Scientific and Technological Development of Maranhão (FAPEMA), as well as all the people and institutions that support the research.Keywords: Topophilia. Popular culture. Environmental conservation.

scholarly journals Myths About the Charrua: Truth and Fiction in the History of the Indigenous People of Uruguay

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Timur Nelin
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
The People ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Chaco Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction. The article is devoted to the Charrua, a little-known indigenous people of Uruguay. This people was exterminated in the first half of the 19th century, giving rise to a number of myths about its history and culture. The author tries to find out, what information about the Charrua is based on facts, and what is a historical myth. The researcher considers such cases as the anthropological characteristics of the Charrua, the structure of the people, the history of its name, the case of the murder of Juan Diaz de Solis in 1516 and the history of the Natives taken to Paris in 1833. Methods and materials. The author uses the principles of historicism, objectivity, the general scientific, historical and genetic method. The data of linguistics, physical anthropology and ethnology are also involved. The article provides historiographical and source analysis related to the Charrua materials. Analysis. The physical appearance of the Charrua is related to the pampido anthropological type of the Chaco region. The tribe was heterogeneous and consisted of different groups. The name “Charrua” is of European origin and it is often used as a generic term for several related tribes. According to the sources, the Charrua were not involved in the murder of Juan Diaz de Solis. The latest historical studies of the Charrua taken to France show that there was not wonderful escaping of two members of this tribe. Results. The study shows that the most part of the existing historical and anthropological myths about the Charrua are completely or partially untrue.

scholarly journals Léon Walras and Augustin Cournot on the Regulation of Paper Money: Rules vs. Discretion at the End of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Andrés Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Applied Theory ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Paper Money ◽  
Fiat Money ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Exchange Form ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Value Of Money

This paper compares Léon Walras’ and Augustin Cournot’s views on monetary regulation. It shows that whereas Cournot believed discretionary monetary regulation to be convenient and acceptable, Walras held that the only acceptable monetary system is based exclusively on the stability of the value of money under a monetary rule following a strict equivalence between metallic reserves and a pure medium of exchange form of money. The paper also advances Cournot understood more clearly than Walras the evolution of the monetary system of their days because Walras was trying to guarantee the coherence of his pure theory with his applied theory, which made him unable to accept the evolution toward a monetary system based on fiat money.

scholarly journals Jihad dan Anti Kafir dalam Geger Cilegon 1888

Tsaqofah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmad Maftuh Sujana ◽  
Saeful Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The People ◽  
Peasant Society ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century

Colonial exploitation that occurred in the 19th century in the archipelago. Creating conditions that can encourage people to carry out social movements that are dominated by continuous economic, political and cultural conditions and have led to the disorganization of traditional societies and their institutions. The entry of the Dutch in the 19th century began to cause enormous problems for the people of Banten, because the changes made by the Dutch government changed the system of government created by the Sultanate of Banten. From the traditional government structure switched to the Modern (European) government system. This has a negative impact on the structure of people's lives. Banten Ulama with the spirit of jihad, the spirit of anti-Islam, sometimes even the spirit of Nativism and Revivalism, became the driving force for various social movements that flourished in the 19th century. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries this movement was a historical symptom of the indigenous peasant society. Almost all of these social movements occur due to high tax collections and heavy work that puts pressure on farmers. So that in this case, the kiai's leadership in carrying out the movement against the invaders is all based on the same motivation and conditions, namely maintaining aqidah and worship. Against munkar, polytheism and kufr which are carried out in the framework of munkar ma'ruf nahyi deeds. Everything is based on sincerity to fortify Islam from the influence that damages Islamic aqidah, worship and mu'amalah. This is clearly manifested in the history of struggle which was marked by Ulama throughout the archipelago

scholarly journals Ethical Dimensions of Cyberjusticе

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Aurika PASKAR ◽  
◽  
Karina PASKAR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Global Information ◽  
Global Information Society ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Philosophical Community ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The current stage of civilization development is characterized by fundamental transformations in almost all spheres of human existence, mainly economic, social, political, and cultural. All of them take place under a huge influence of the global information society. With the undoubted success of modern technology, which has achieved the most impressive results in the field of information technology, the philosophical community is growing a genuine and justified anxiety about the moral and ethical threats to human existence, which tend to be a result of scientific and technological development. As a result, false communication, alienation and loneliness define the moral flaws of the modern information society. In this situation, the revival of basic ethical principles and ethical bedrocks of human existence and culture becomes especially acute and necessary.

World experience of analysis and forecast of technical, economic and scientific-technological development of the state

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Горбачев ◽  
Sergey Gorbachev
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The State ◽  
State University ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Economic Cycles ◽  
Fuzzy Methods ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Rfbr Grant ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The monograph deals with the main approaches to the analysis of technical, economic and scientific and technological development of countries, taking into account the dynamics of economic cycles and technological structures. A new concept of Foresight tools as a system of scientific methods is proposed, which allows obtaining a scientifically grounded, logically transparent forecast based on neuro-fuzzy methods. The monograph was prepared based on the results of research on the program to improve the competitiveness of the Tomsk State University, with the financial support of the RFBR grant No. 16-29-12858.

scholarly journals Hukum Islam dan Perubahan Sosial: Telaah atas Ijtihâd Fardi dan Jamâ’i

TAJDID ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Hasan Bisri
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
The People ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Scientific and technological development creates so many kinds of new products concerning the telecommunication, automotive industry as well as medicine, technology of food and beverage and cosmetics, that this can cause the changes of social interaction among the society, and consequently, response is needed to face a challenging time and the changes of social life. Meanwhile, the number of texts (nash) of Alquran and hadis (prophetic saying) are limited to give the solution the new problems that appear. Based upon a reality, so this will encourage the attempt to grow and develop the Islamic law through Ijtihad (exerting individual as well as collective effort) being is more dynamic for the sake of the people welfare, fair human right protection, and improvement of the people’s standard of living. The writing tries to describe many kinds of factors of social changes responding to the law needed immediately, and are then followed by a great effort to reform the Islamic law suitable for all the time through ijtihad being more accurate and responsible.

Management of sustainable innovation for national development

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cristian Sánchez Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
National Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World ◽  
End Use ◽  
Research Centres ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Throughout history the development of the countries has been generated mainly by the impulse in two complementary axes: Science and Technology, and Trade. At present we are experiencing an exponential scientific and technological development and the Economy in all its fronts is driven by the intensive application of technology. According to these considerations, this research tries to expose the development of Innovation Management as a transversal mechanism to promote the different socioeconomic areas and especially those supported by engineering. To this end, use will be made of Technology Watch in order to identify the advances of the main research centres related to innovation in the world. Next, there will be an evaluation of the main models of Innovation Management and related methodologies that expose some of the existing Innovation Observatories in the world to finally make a proposal for Innovation Management applicable to the reality of Peru, so that it can be taken into consideration by stakeholders (Government, Academy, Business and Civil Society) committed to Innovation Management in the country

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