The Black-Letter Broadside Ballad

PMLA ◽  
1919 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyder E. Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Common People ◽  
Broadside Ballads ◽  
The Common ◽  
Black Letter ◽  
The Way

In actual practice the English broadside ballad did not exist before the introduction of printing; but it is not accurate to assert that “street ballads begin about 1540,” or even to call Skelton's ballad on Flodden Field (1513)—said to be the earliest printed street ballad extant—the beginning of the genre. Undoubtedly the ballad had begun to play an important rôle before 1500, and in its origin runs much farther back, far antedating the art of printing. To all intents the street ballad was matured as early as 1500; while satirical poems, invectives, lamentations, and short jocular and religious stanzas of a still earlier period have many of the features that characterize printed broadside ballads and unquestionably prepared the way for them. Early in the fifteenth century, writers of such ballad-poems tried to circulate them on manuscript broadsheets. Naturally, therefore, the advent of printing merely facilitated and increased the production of rimed broadsides, until, in the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth, they came to be the chief publications of the London press and the works most dear to the common people.

Legal English and the Vernacularization of Law

Law in Common ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 213-240
Author(s):  
Tom Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Legal Language ◽  
Common People ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Third ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Medieval England

This chapter explores the growing use of English as a written ‘legal vernacular’ over the course of the fifteenth century. It argues that one can only understand the emergence of vernacular writing in legal discourse by looking to the local contexts of legal production. The emergence of English as a legal vernacular did not take hold uniformly across late-medieval society, and so we need to think more carefully about the specific kinds of discursive value that it held; the chapter argues that, as a legal language, English worked as a signifier of authenticity, a mode of signalling fidelity to real speech, and as a way of gesturing towards wider audiences or publics. This leads to the third argument that the growing significance granted to English as a legal language affected common people in late-medieval England in ambivalent ways. While in some ways the processes of vernacularization in the fifteenth century seem to follow a trajectory towards a more inclusive public discourse, as the ‘common tongue’ spoken by the majority of the populace became a language appropriate for expressing ideas about legitimacy, it was ultimately constrained by the relatively limited modes in which English was allowed to be legal.

Rituals of Legitimacy

2018 ◽  
pp. 136-167
Author(s):  
Biswamoy Pati
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Common People ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Way

This chapter looks at the way in which colonial and the feudal ruling classes ritualized diverse aspects related to their interactions with the common people in order to tap their resources, while also simultaneously exercising control over them. Keeping the question of ‘Hinduization’ and Sanskritization at the centre, it highlights the manner in which the pre-existing system of caste was ritualized using a diverse range of strategies. At the same time, the chapter illustrates the ways in which common people challenged the exploiting classes using fascinating strategies, which reflect an entire range of counter-hegemonic rituals of protest and subversion. These included inventing a discourse of equality that was a fall-out of the interactions with modernity, which has somehow been assumed by historians to be a phenomenon limited to the urban middle classes/upper castes.

scholarly journals The criticism of language in one-acter cycle of "The Comedy of Seduction" by Arthur Schnitzler

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Yu. Korshunova
Keyword(s):  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Common People ◽  
Arthur Schnitzler ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Release Of Information ◽  
The Way

The article deals with the issue of correlation of language and reality in the one-acter cycle "The Comedy of Seduction" by Arthur Schnitzler. It is underlined that this theme was on the front burner among philosophers and writers of the Fin de siècle epoch and was regarded rather negatively: the language seemed not to be able to highlight the outside world in a befitting way. In Arthur Schnitzler’s one-acter cycle "The Comedy of Seduction" the afore-referenced issue is strongly involved in difficulty by the confrontation of the common men and art people. It is demonstrated that the common people use the language for the release of information whereas in contrast the art people always grind their own axe using the language. In this case they have the bulge on the common men. The impossibility of language to be the way of highlighting the outside world is shown in the one-acter cycle.

scholarly journals A New Theory of Homicide

1901 ◽  
Vol 47 (197) ◽  
pp. 432-432
Keyword(s):  
Common People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Way

Apropos of the assassination of King Humbert, says the Gaulois, a German statistician, who is also an influential member of the Berlin Society for the Protection of Animals, tries to prove that those nations who love animals the most are those least inclined to commit the crime of homicide. In support of his contention he says that in England and Ireland there are only 6 murderers for every million inhabitants, in Germany 11, in Belgium 14, in France 16, in Austria 23, in Hungary 67, in Spain 83, and in Italy 95. These figures correspond with the consideration of the various peoples for dumb beasts. In no country of the world, he adds, is the cruelty of the common people towards animals so great as in Italy, although it may be true that the warm southern blood accounts for much in the way of murder.

scholarly journals Trapped in the imperial narrative? Some reflections on warfare and the provincial masses in Byzantium (600-1204)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yannis Stouraitis
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Common People ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Collective Identification ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The experience of war of the common people in the medieval East Roman Empire is a topic related to hotly debated issues such as collective identification and attachments, or imperialism and ecumenical ideology. This paper attempts a bottom-up approach to the way warfare was perceived and experienced by provincial populations based on the analysis of selected evidence from the period between the seventh and the twelfth centuries. It goes without saying that the treatment of the topic here could not be exhaustive. My main goal was to problematize the relationship between the objectives of imperial military policies and the pragmatic needs of common provincials for protection of their well-being.

‘Congiure contro a uno principe’

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-248
Author(s):  
Marta Celati
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Common People ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Comprehensive Treatise ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Century Literature

The final chapter examines the relationship between Machiavelli’s work and fifteenth-century literature on conspiracies. The analysis highlights the role that this humanist literature played in the development of Machiavelli’s complex theorization of conspiracies as a political phenomenon, but it also underlines how, although he was influenced by this background, he also radically departed from it. Machiavelli dealt with this political subject in several sections of his works: in particular in his long chapter Delle congiure in the Discorsi (III, 6), which can be considered a comprehensive treatise on plots; in chapter XIX of Il principe; and in some significant chapters of the Istorie fiorentine, where Machiavelli narrates the conspiracies that took place in Italy in the previous centuries. He was the first author to develop a substantial theorization of political plots and he based it on concrete historical examples drawn from previous narratives and from ancient history. Machiavelli’s analysis of conspiracies shares some key elements with the political perspective underlying fifteenth-century literature on plots: his focus on the figure of the prince as the main target of the conspiracy; the importance assigned to the role of the common people and to the issue of building political consensus; the attention paid to internal enemies and internal matters within the state, rather than to the relationship with foreign political forces; the evolution in the analytical approach regarding tyranny and tyrannicide; the centrality of the notion of crimen laesae maiestatis; the emphasis on the negative political outcome of plots.

‘For the Increase of Divine Service’: Chantries in the Parish in Late Medieval Bristol

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Common People ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Medieval England

While it is incontrovertible that the Catholic faith exercised a profound influence on the lives of the common people of fifteenth-century England, it is equally apparent that many aspects of contemporary belief and practice will never be wholly clear. This is not simply for want of evidence but more the result of the limitations of the sources. It may, for instance, be assumed that contemporaries' religious priorities would be illuminated by close examination of their wills since these documents almost invariably deal with pious provisions intended to benefit testators' souls. But tolerably represented by surviving wills as the wealthy and town-dwelling classes of late medieval England are, analysis of these documents is treacherous. Just as the scribes who registered them certainly standardised the presentation of different testators' wishes, so probate procedures militated against even faintly unorthodox expression. Moreover, the proportion of a testator's movable or immovable estate represented in any given will is impossible to gauge, as a result of which no measure may be taken of any testator's devotion by comparison of his religious bequests with those made for other purposes. It must also be remembered that wills reveal nothing of the pious provision that testators undoubtedly made during their lifetimes for their own benefit. Neither do they convey any impression of what family or friends may have agreed to discharge for the benefit of a testator's soul. Late medieval wills are undeniably disappointing and frequently misleading.

scholarly journals Da'wah in the early era of Islam: A review of the Prophet's Da'wah Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Jaffar ◽  
Dr. Nasir Ali khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Common People ◽  
Common Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Way

The life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) is a beacon of light not only for Muslims but for all of humanity. There is no such aspect of life for which we do not have guidance from the life of Holy Prophet (PBUH). Whether it is personal life or social life. One of these aspects is the Da'wah strategy of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Makki era. This article elaborates the Holy Prophet’s (PBUH) strategies adopted for the preaching of the Islam during the Makki era. The basic elements of his missionary strategies such as the way of argumentations, parlance and dialects are made the subject of discussion. It highlights the diverse and distinct communication strategies to make the message of Islam intelligible to the common people even, which include: common values, courtesy, non-violence, intellectual stature of the audience, evolutionary process, the psychological intelligibility of addressee, sense of responsibility and proportionality, capacity to perform missionary activity, intimacy with newly converts, concealment of the faith, migration, and strong assertion of faith. The methodology deployed in construing this discourse is descriptive-cum-analytical.

scholarly journals Christian Gottlob Proft og de utilladelige skrifter. Bogforbud i årene efter trykkefrihedsperioden

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Press ◽  
Personal Physician ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government

In 1770 Christian VII’s personal physician Johann Friedrich Struensee exploited the king’s feeble condition to seize power in Denmark and one of his first acts was to introduce unrestricted freedom of the press. Two years later in January 1772, Struensee was himself toppled from power and subsequently executed in April of the same year. It was soon clear that the new regime aimed to reintroduce a form of control over book publication and the present article how these new restrictions were viewed from the perspective of the Copenhagen bookseller Christian Gottlob Proft (1736–1793).In the years 1773–76 Proft twice found himself the object of the authorities’ suspicions, as he had distributed printed matter which the authorities regarded as impermissible.In 1773, Proft was convicted of having provided the itinerant bookseller Hermann Ludolph Bardewyck with forbidden writings which the new rulers regarded as dangerous as they espoused Struensee’s cause and potentially could undermine the legitimacy of the new rulers. Three years later, Proft announced that he intended to publish Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s novel Die Leiden des jungen Werthers in a Danish translation, but its publication was blocked for religious and moral reasons.These two court cases brought against Proft show that, even though the abolished censorship was not reintroduced, actual practice had changed very little. The abolished law of censorship was still applied in legal judgements, just as the government made no bones about banning the translation of a work it did not wish to see circulated among the common people. Further, they resorted to the well-tried method of inflicting severe sentences on representatives of the book trade rather than carrying out comprehensive control of the authors.

scholarly journals LIFE AS OPPOSED TO THE NORM

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
N.V. Fedorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Common People ◽  
Holy Fool ◽  
Average Person ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

The article examines human life as opposed to the norm through foolishness. In different periods of history, the cult of foolishness underwent changes in the attitude towards it from the side of the common people and the authorities. The holy fools were revered as saints and canonized, and at the same time they tried to ban them, destroy them physically, and isolate them. Through foolishness, the abnormal in society and in the individual was opposed to the other abnormal. The abnormal was revealed through the imaginary abnormal. Choosing foolishness, most often consciously, as the way of life, the fool through his abnormality, pointed to the abnormal in society. Thanks to this trick, the holy fools got the opportunity to influence the life of not only an average person, but also those who could change society as a whole. The price of this opposition was the life of the holy fool.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document