scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Diplodia seriata Causing Dieback Effect on Grapevines and Evaluation of Five Different Synthetic Fungicide Efficacy against This Disease in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdan GÜNGÖR SAVAŞ ◽  
Murat YILDIZ
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy

scholarly journals Morpho-molecular identification and pathogenicity test on fungal parasites of guava root-knot nematode eggs in Lampung, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Swibawa I Gede ◽  
YUYUN FITRIANA ◽  
SOLIKHIN ◽  
RADIX SUHARJO ◽  
F.X. SUSILO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Test ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Fungal Parasites

Abstract. Swibawa IG, Fitriana Y, Solikhin, Suharjo R, Susilo FX, Rani E, Haryani MS, Wardana RA. 2020. Morpho-molecular identification and pathogenicity test on fungal parasites of guava root-knot nematode eggs in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1108-1115. This study aimed to obtain and discover the identity of the species of fungal egg parasites of root-knot nematodes (RKN), which have a high pathogenic ability causing major losses in vegetable crops. The exploration of the fungi was carried out in 2016 and 2018 from Crystal guava plantations in East Lampung, Central Lampung, Tanggamus, and NirAma, a commercial product that has been used for controlling Meloidogyne sp. in Indonesia. Identification was carried out based on morphological characteristics and molecular-based gene sequential analysis of Intergenic Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and ITS 4. A pathogenicity test was carried out in vitro and in a greenhouse using tomato plants as indicator plants. In the in vitro test, observations were made on the percentage of infected RKN eggs. The observations in the greenhouse test were carried out on RKN populations in the soil and roots of tomato plants, root damage (root knots), and damage intensity due to RKN infection. The exploration resulted in five isolates of fungal egg parasites of RKN from the guava plantations in East Lampung (2), Central Lampung (1), Tanggamus (1), and from the isolation results of commercial products (1). The isolates were given codes as B4120X (PT GGP PG1), B3010 (PT GGP PG4), B412G (PT GGP PG 4), B01TG (Tanggamus), and BioP (Commercial products). Based on their morphological characteristics, the isolates were classified into the genus of Paecilomyces. The results of molecular identification showed that the discovered fungi were Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom.) Luangsa Ard. (Syn. Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson.). Based on the in vitro tests, the five fungal isolates were able to parasitize RKN eggs at 86.4-100%. In the greenhouse test, all isolates significantly suppressed nematode populations in the soil and tomato roots, inhibited the formation of root knots, and produced lower damage intensity compared to controls. Among all the isolates tested, B01TG had the best ability to infect nematode eggs (99.5%), suppressing the formation of root knots, nematode population in the soil and the roots of tomato plants, and the damage intensity compared to other isolates.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Variable Tetraconazole Rates Against Cercospora beticola Isolates with Differing In Vitro Sensitivities to DMI Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1749-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin D. Bolton ◽  
Viviana Rivera-Varas ◽  
Luis E. del Río Mendoza ◽  
Mohamed F. R. Khan ◽  
Gary A. Secor
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Cercospora Beticola ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy ◽  
Dmi Fungicides

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet is caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. CLS management practices include the application of the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides tetraconazole, difenoconazole, and prothioconazole. Evaluating resistance to DMIs is a major focus for CLS fungicide resistance management. Isolates were collected in 1997 and 1998 (baseline sensitivity to tetraconazole, prothioconazole, or difenoconazole) and 2007 through 2010 from the major sugar-beet-growing regions of Minnesota and North Dakota and assessed for in vitro sensitivity to two or three DMI fungicides. Most (47%) isolates collected in 1997–98 exhibited 50% effective concentration (EC50) values for tetraconazole of <0.01 μg ml–1, whereas no isolates could be found in this EC50 range in 2010. Since 2007, annual median and mean tetraconazole EC50 values have generally been increasing, and the frequency of isolates with EC50 values >0.11 μg ml–1 increased from 2008 to 2010. In contrast, the frequency of isolates with EC50 values for prothioconazole of >1.0 μg ml–1 has been decreasing since 2007. Annual median difenoconazole EC50 values appears to be stable, although annual mean EC50 values generally have been increasing for this fungicide. Although EC50 values are important for gauging fungicide sensitivity trends, a rigorous comparison of the relationship between in vitro EC50 values and loss of fungicide efficacy in planta has not been conducted for C. beticola. To explore this, 12 isolates exhibiting a wide range of tetraconazole EC50 values were inoculated to sugar beet but no tetraconazole was applied. No relationship was found between isolate EC50 value and disease severity. To assess whether EC50 values are related to fungicide efficacy in planta, sugar beet plants were sprayed with various dilutions of Eminent, the commercial formulation of tetraconazole, and subsequently inoculated with isolates that exhibited very low, medium, or high tetraconazole EC50 values. The high EC50 isolate caused significantly more disease than isolates with medium or very low EC50 values at the field application rate and most reduced rates. Because in vitro sensitivity testing is typically carried out with the active ingredient of the commercial fungicide, we investigated whether loss of disease control was the same for tetraconazole as for the commercial product Eminent. The high EC50 isolate caused more disease on plants treated with tetraconazole than Eminent but disease severity was not different between plants inoculated with the very low EC50 isolate.

scholarly journals PCR-based identification of Mycobacterium murphy causing Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome in Niterói, southeast Brazil - case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1699-1702
Author(s):  
M.A.A. Pereira ◽  
V. Nowosh ◽  
P.N. Suffys ◽  
G.B. Queiroz ◽  
K.M.O. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Hsp65 Gene ◽  
Janeiro State

ABSTRACT Canine Leproid Granuloma Syndrome (CLGS), also known as canine leprosy, is a cutaneous nodular infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium sp.. Despite being reported worldwide, it is still quite unknown and underdiagnosed. Diagnosis may be achieved by cytopathology or histopathology of skin lesions, but identification of the infectious agent is complex, since bacterial in vitro growth is not possible, relying upon molecular techniques such as PCR to confirm Mycobacterium DNA in the sample. We report a CLGS case in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, diagnosed by cytopathology and submitted to molecular identification of the agent. PCR amplification of hsp65 gene was performed and revealed 100% genetic homology to M. murphy strain. This is the first CLGS report with molecular identification in Rio de Janeiro state, and this finding should raise awareness about CLGS as a differential diagnosis among granulomatous skin diseases in this region.

Molecular Identification and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus Isolates Recovered from Otomycosis Patients in Western China

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
LiLi Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Jos Houbraken ◽  
Huan Mei ◽  
Wanqing Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Western China ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

scholarly journals In vitro establishment of Bambusa oldhamii Munro from field-grown matrices and molecular identification of endophytic bactéria

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula de Azevedo Pasqualini ◽  
Gabriela Xavier Schneider ◽  
Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga ◽  
Luiz Antonio Biasi ◽  
Marguerite Quoirin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
In Vitro Establishment ◽  
Bambusa Oldhamii

ABSTRACT In plant micropropagation, the establishment stage is difficult, due to the presence of microorganisms in tissues from field-grown matrices, especially for bamboo. This study aimed to establish an efficient asepsis protocol for Bambusa oldhamii explants from field plants, as well as to carry out the molecular identification of a possible endophytic bacterial isolate. The explants were exposed to 70 % alcohol, 1 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 0.1 % mercuric chloride (HgCl2), thiophanate-methyl (Cercobin®) and chlorhexidine digluconate (2 % Riohex®) in different combinations, and introduced into Murashige and Skoog culture medium (solid or liquid), supplemented or not with 4 mL L-1 of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPMTM), totaling seven treatments. The asepsis and immersion of the explants in the liquid culture medium containing 4 mL L-1 of PPMTM visually inhibited the bacterial and fungal growth, allowed the development of shoots with a mean length of 2.2 cm and posterior subcultures, being the best treatment used for the in vitro establishment of B. oldhamii. The molecular identification of an endophytic bacterium performed by 16S rDNA sequencing allowed to identify the bacterial isolate as Ralstonia sp., with 100 % of similarity, and the phylogenetic analysis grouped it with Ralstonia pickettii. In addition, the bacterial isolate showed to be sensitive to 4 mL L-1 of PPMTM by the minimum inhibitory concentration test.

Thermal death kinetics in dry air of Diplodia seriata fungus inoculated in vitro in pruned vine shoots

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Petruta M. Matei ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
Mercedes Sánchez-Báscones ◽  
M. Cruz García-González ◽  
M. Teresa Martín-Villullas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Thermal Death ◽  
Death Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Death Kinetics

scholarly journals Isolation, Biochemical and Molecular Identification, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Bubaline Subclinical Mastitis in South India

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0142717 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Preethirani ◽  
Shrikrishna Isloor ◽  
S. Sundareshan ◽  
V. Nuthanalakshmi ◽  
K. Deepthikiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
South India ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Resistance Patterns

scholarly journals Morpho-Molecular Identification, Pathogenicity Variation, Mating Biology, and Fumonisin Production of Fusarium Species in Zea mays L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Narges Atabaki ◽  
Vahid Rahjoo ◽  
Mohamed M. Hanafi ◽  
Rambod Abiri ◽  
Hamidreza Z. Zadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wide Range

Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum cause a wide range of maize diseases.  These fungi produce dangerous mycotoxins, such as fumonisin B1, which are important threats to humans and animals. Given this predicament, the present study aimed to identify the fungi both molecular-morphologically and also investigate the pathogenicity variation and mating type of 41 Fusarium strains in maize (Zea mays L.) samples with sifting their fumonisin contents.  Furthermore, species-specific primers for the molecular identification of distinct strains amplified 2 fragments of 578 and 800 bp in Fusarium verticillioides, while a single 585 bp band was amplified in Fusarium proliferatum.  Accordingly, 24 isolates out of 41 were identified as F. verticillioides, and 13 isolates were identified as F. proliferatum.  The fumonisin-producing and non-producing Fusarium strains were identified using the VERTF-1/VERTF-2 primers.  A total of 24 isolates of F. verticillioides were positively scored based on the amplification of a single 400 bp fragment.  The highest and lowest fumonisin content, as measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), belonged to strains MS1 and MG3, respectively, and ranged from 960-12673 and 4.07-23 ppm, respectively.  Additionally, the mating type test showed that the sexual form of the studied Fusarium species could possibly belong to the A and D mating populations.  In vivo and in vitro pathogenicity tests revealed a high susceptibility.

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