scholarly journals DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-STOREY HOUSING IN THE LATE 1950s IN LVIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Didyk V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Housing Construction ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Apartment House ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Urban Art ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Design And Construction

In 1957-1960, the mass construction of one-story attics and two-story buildings began to solve the problem of providing housing for workers of newly established enterprises. Lviv architects on a competitive basis designed a number of projects, on the basis of which the State Construction Committee of the UkrSSR proposed to the Lviv branch of Dipromist on their basis to develop a unified series of projects of typical one-and two-storey buildings. 136 hectares of land were allocated for housing construction, on which, according to the city master plan, low-rise buildings are planned. It was planned to build houses and separate groups on undeveloped sites in the old residential areas where there were already utilities. New housing construction with a high level of engineering equipment contributes to the improvement of working areas. In residential areas, the construction of schools, children's institutions, cinemas, clinics, shops, consumer services is planned. - Levandivka is transformed into a landscaped village. The quarters are planned according to the manor type. The area of ​​the plot is 0.06 - 0.08 hectares per one-apartment house, ie - 0.03 - 0.04 ha per apartment. It should be noted that the architects of Lviv in their functional-spatial and architectural-planning solutions used the experience of low-rise construction of the period of functionalism of Lviv in the 1930s. Today, many enterprises, near which low-rise buildings were built, have ceased to exist, and multi-storey residential and public buildings are being built on their territory. Part of the low-rise buildings of that period have also been lost, and part is in the process of transformation. Didyk V. and Morklyanyk O. (2003-2018) studies the socio-political preconditions of housing design and construction, localization of construction in the spatial structure of Lviv, analysis of architectural-planning and stylistic solutions of housing and its architectural-spatial transformation. The article analyzes the individual and typical projects of low-rise buildings and notes that despite the simple facades, the houses are architecturally quite expressive. Part of the low-rise buildings of that period has been lost, part is in the stage of transformation and a small part is still preserved almost unchanged. Therefore, those fragments of low-rise buildings and individual houses that still retain architectural expressiveness and functional aesthetics should be preserved as monuments of urban art, architecture and culture.

scholarly journals Co-housing as the way to achieve a good density in the cities – Warsaw case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kosk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Flexibility Design ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
The Individual

Constant population growth in urban areas is one of the main global problems, and its importance grows with the depletion of non-renewable resources. The efficient, effective and responsible use of land is supposed to be an aim, the achievement of which will profit cities. The crucial question is, how cities can achieve this aim. The author of this article intends to discuss the individual problems which prevent achieving an appropriate density in Warsaw, and find ways of solving or reducing these problems. A proposed main hypothesis is, that the introduction of an alternative type of housing, namely co-housing can become a way to obtain a good density in the cities. Confirmation of this hypothesis is derived on the basis of the analysis of residential estates created following the rules of co-housing developed in Germany, in relation to similar problems. The purpose of the article was also to remind that Warsaw has a rich tradition in creating social efforts developments. The main social ideas was presented on the basic of the project of Polish housing estate designed in the Rakowiec district in Warsaw by H. and Sz. Syrkus, which was established in 1934-1938 The research part of the article was conducted through a comparison of spatial elements of Warsaw, employing the same criteria, which were adopted based on the several, selected characteristics of good density published in the ULI report, such as: mixed use of land, planned, cohesive, liveable, spacious, flexibility, design, green. The conducted comparison demonstrates, that Warsaw has a lot of different problems with obtaining a good density. These are: mono-functional areas in the suburbs, social disparity, the housing market dominated by developers, lack of enough, well-arranged public spaces combined with residential areas, lack of identity neighborhoods, insufficient attention to the local context in the process of designing new buildings, insufficient attention to the environment in terms of creation of buildings, too little green spaces and gardens in the inner city. The presented analyses show that the introducing concept of co-housing can help Warsaw with obtaining a good density. In order to obtain a high quality of the urban space, decisions regarding it should therefore be made simultaneously on three scales: spatial planning, urban planning and architectural planning. Architecture must cooperate with the existing urban fabric. All users of urban life should participate in its creation: development companies, municipal authorities that are responsible for spatial order, architects and residents.

RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS AND FEATURES OF THEIR USE IN HOUSING CONSTRUCTION FINANCING

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Balanska ◽  
◽  
Vasyl Kozyk ◽  
Anna Panchenko ◽  
Volodymyr Melnyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Financing Mechanism ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The article examines modern methods of risk assessment, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, as well as features of use. In particular, it is determined that most of them are based on the use of statistical data and postulates of probability theory. In the case when obtaining the necessary initial data is difficult, the methods of analogues or expert assessments are used, but they are subjective. In a separate group, we can distinguish methods that are based on the use of mathematical modeling, such as the scenarios method , project sensitivity analysis or game theory. Housing construction is characterized by a high level of risk, and the specifics of the industry complicate its unambiguous assessment and, consequently, its management. Therefore, to effectively manage the risks of financing the housing construction, it is necessary to choose an assessment method that can provide the most accurate result. The amount of risk in housing construction financing directly depends on the chosen financing mechanism, and its total value will consist of the sum of individual risks that arise at different stages of the process, and the amount of which can be estimated using different methods. It is necessary to develop a combined assessment model that not only combines different risks, but also considers them as a single object, the individual parts of which are not only related, but can also cross-influence each other. Such a model will combine economic-statistical, expert methods and methods of mathematical modeling.

Interrelation of Architectural Concepts and Principles of Artificial Lighting in the Moscow Concert Hall Zaryadye

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Maria M. Ilyevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Concert Hall ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Concert Halls ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Formal Features

The article is focused on the analysis of the Zaryadye Concert Hall building in Moscow in terms of the significance of artificial lighting for the creation of the imagery and perception of this facility within the typology of entertainment music-oriented buildings. Through the example of modern places of entertainment, the author reveals a number of formal features (typological attributes), which, being common to buildings of this function, constitute the basis of their image and become obvious due to the realized lighting concept. The interpretation of these attributes in the interaction of architectural planning and lighting concepts in the Zaryadye Concert Hall is traced. In conclusion, the distinctive features of the building under consideration are determined. At the same time, they reflect a new understanding of concert halls as a building type, the changes related to the overall development of architecture, as well as the elements of the individual architectural language.

Territorial Distribution of Alcohol and Drug Addictions Mortality Concerning Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic from Year 1996 to Year 2015

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.

Quantitative indicators of air traffic controllers’ attitude to the danger of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshin ◽  
S. P. Borsuk ◽  
V. A. Shulhin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The negative and persistent impact of the human factor on the statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents makes proactive studies of the attitude of “front line” aviation operators (air traffic controllers, flight crewmembers) to dangerous actions or professional conditions as a key component of the current paradigm of ICAO safety concept. This “attitude” is determined through the indicators of the influence of the human factor on decision-making, which also include the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on the indicators and characteristics of professional activity, illustrating both the individual perception of potential risks and dangers, and the peculiarities of generalized group thinking that have developed in a particular society. Preference systems are an ordered (ranked) series of n = 21 errors: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous and characterize only the danger preference of one error over another. The degree of this preference is determined only by the difference in the ranks of the errors and does not answer the question of how much time one error is more dangerous in relation to another. The differential method for identifying the comparative danger of errors, as well as the multistep technology for identifying and filtering out marginal opinions were applied. From the initial sample of m = 37 professional air traffic controllers, two subgroups mB=20 and mG=7 people were identified with statisti-cally significant at a high level of significance within the group consistency of opinions a = 1%. Nonpara-metric optimization of the corresponding group preference systems resulted in Kemeny’s medians, in which the related (middle) ranks were missing. Based on these medians, weighted coefficients of error hazards were determined by the mathematical prioritization method. It is substantiated that with the ac-cepted accuracy of calculations, the results obtained at the second iteration of this method are more ac-ceptable. The values of the error hazard coefficients, together with their ranks established in the preference systems, allow a more complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the attitude of both individual air traffic controllers and their professional groups to hazardous actions or conditions.

scholarly journals Automatic Labeled Dialogue Generation for Nursing Record Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Tittaya Mairittha ◽  
Nattaya Mairittha ◽  
Sozo Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Generative Models ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Augmentation Techniques ◽  
Nursing Record ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Embedding Methods

The integration of digital voice assistants in nursing residences is becoming increasingly important to facilitate nursing productivity with documentation. A key idea behind this system is training natural language understanding (NLU) modules that enable the machine to classify the purpose of the user utterance (intent) and extract pieces of valuable information present in the utterance (entity). One of the main obstacles when creating robust NLU is the lack of sufficient labeled data, which generally relies on human labeling. This process is cost-intensive and time-consuming, particularly in the high-level nursing care domain, which requires abstract knowledge. In this paper, we propose an automatic dialogue labeling framework of NLU tasks, specifically for nursing record systems. First, we apply data augmentation techniques to create a collection of variant sample utterances. The individual evaluation result strongly shows a stratification rate, with regard to both fluency and accuracy in utterances. We also investigate the possibility of applying deep generative models for our augmented dataset. The preliminary character-based model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) obtains an accuracy of 90% and generates various reasonable texts with BLEU scores of 0.76. Secondly, we introduce an idea for intent and entity labeling by using feature embeddings and semantic similarity-based clustering. We also empirically evaluate different embedding methods for learning good representations that are most suitable to use with our data and clustering tasks. Experimental results show that fastText embeddings produce strong performances both for intent labeling and on entity labeling, which achieves an accuracy level of 0.79 and 0.78 f1-scores and 0.67 and 0.61 silhouette scores, respectively.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Green-Lean: An Integrated System for Sustainable Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadsoroush Tafazzoli ◽  
Ehsan Mousavi ◽  
Sharareh Kermanshachi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Industry Professionals

Although the two concepts of lean and sustainable construction have been developed due to different incentives, and they do not pursue the same exact goals, there exists considerable commonality between them. This paper discusses the potentials for integrating the two approaches and their practices and how the resulting synergy from combining the two methods can potentially lead to higher levels of fulfilling the individual goals of each of them. Some limitations and challenges to implementing the integrated approach are also discussed. Based on a comprehensive review of existing papers related to sustainable and lean construction topics, the commonality between the two approaches is discussed and grouped in five categories of (1) cost savings, (2) waste minimization, (3) Jobsite safety improvement, (4) reduced energy consumption, and (5) customers’ satisfaction improvement. The challenges of this integration are similarly identified and discussed in the four main categories of (1) additional initial costs to the project, (2) difficulty of providing specialized expertise, (3) contractors’ unwillingness to adopt the additional requirements, and (4) challenges to establish a high level of teamwork. Industry professionals were then interviewed to rank the elements in each of the two categories of opportunities and challenges. The results of the study highlight how future research can pursue the development of a new Green-Lean approach by investing in the communalities and meeting the challenges of this integration.

Fully Automated Parallel Oligonucleotide Synthesizer

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1299-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Lebl ◽  
Christine Burger ◽  
Brett Ellman ◽  
David Heiner ◽  
Georges Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Gear Pump ◽  
Oligonucleotide Synthesis ◽  
Center Of Rotation ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Design And Construction

Design and construction of automated synthesizers using the tilted plate centrifugation technology is described. Wash solutions and reagents common to all synthesized species are delivered automatically through a 96-channel distributor connected to a gear pump through two four-port selector valves. Building blocks and other specific reagents are delivered automatically through banks of solenoid valves, positioned over the individual wells of the microtiterplate. These instruments have the following capabilities: Parallel solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis in the wells of polypropylene microtiter plates, which are slightly tilted down towards the center of rotation, thus generating a pocket in each well, in which the solid support is collected during centrifugation, while the liquid is expelled from the wells. Eight microtiterplates are processed simultaneously, providing thus a synthesizer with a capacity of 768 parallel syntheses. The instruments are capable of unattended continuous operation, providing thus a capacity of over two millions 20-mer oligonucleotides in a year.

scholarly journals Children’s Astronomy. Development of the Shape of the Earth Concept in Polish Children between 5 and 10 Years of Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Jan Amos Jelinek
Keyword(s):  
Mental Model ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Spherical Earth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
Teaching Situations ◽  
Model Approach

The Earth’s shape concept develops as consecutive cognitive problems (e.g., the location of people and trees on the spherical Earth) are gradually resolved. Establishing the order of problem solving may be important for the organisation of teaching situations. This study attempted to determine the sequence of problems to be resolved based on tasks included in the EARTH2 test. The study covered a group of 444 children between 5 and 10 years of age. It captured the order in which children solve cognitive problems on the way to constructing a science-like concept. The test results were compared with previous studies. The importance of cultural influences connected to significant differences (24%) in test results was emphasised. Attention was drawn to the problem of the consistency of the mental model approach highlighted in the literature. The analysis of the individual sets of answers provided a high level of consistency of indications referring to the same model (36%), emphasising the importance of the concept of mental models.

scholarly journals Healthy ageing, resilience and wellbeing

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Cosco ◽  
K. Howse ◽  
C. Brayne
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
Ageing Model ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The extension of life does not appear to be slowing, representing a great achievement for mankind as well as a challenge for ageing populations. As we move towards an increasingly older population we will need to find novel ways for individuals to make the best of the challenges they face, as the likelihood of encountering some form of adversity increases with age. Resilience theories share a common idea that individuals who manage to navigate adversity and maintain high levels of functioning demonstrate resilience. Traditional models of healthy ageing suggest that having a high level of functioning across a number of domains is a requirement. The addition of adversity to the healthy ageing model via resilience makes this concept much more accessible and more amenable to the ageing population. Through asset-based approaches, such as the invoking of individual, social and environmental resources, it is hoped that greater resilience can be fostered at a population level. Interventions aimed at fostering greater resilience may take many forms; however, there is great potential to increase social and environmental resources through public policy interventions. The wellbeing of the individual must be the focus of these efforts; quality of life is an integral component to the enjoyment of additional years and should not be overlooked. Therefore, it will become increasingly important to use resilience as a public health concept and to intervene through policy to foster greater resilience by increasing resources available to older people. Fostering wellbeing in the face of increasing adversity has significant implications for ageing individuals and society as a whole.

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