scholarly journals Pengaruh Daya Saing, Gender, Fraud Diamond Terhadap Perilaku Kecurangan Akademik Mahasiswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1458-1471
Author(s):  
Yozi Andayani ◽  
Vita Fitria Sari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Academic Fraud ◽  
Best Value ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Academic fraud is something that has a devastating effect on students just for a satisfying outcome. So they forget the purpose of the actual education itself. There are factors that encourage someone to commit fraud found in the theory of diamond fraud developed by Cressey (1953), namely pressure, opportunity, rationalization and ability. In the research there are new factors that might influence academic fraud namely competitiveness. Unlike the previous research, in this study using competitiveness and gender variables. Where this competitiveness is one of the factors to encourage someone to commit academic fraud, because the competitiveness of individuals in getting the best value is very stimulating the individual to do what is desired by utilizing the situation and capabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of someone doing academic fraud. From the results of the research that has been done, it is known that what affects the occurrence of fraud in the academy is opportunity and also gender differences.

scholarly journals Geometric Data Analysis (GDA) - an alternative approach to the analyses of gender differences

2017 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Claus D. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Geometric Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Geometric Data Analysis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Job Attribute Preferences

The aim of this paper is threefold: First, the criticism of quantitative methods raised by feminist and gender researchers is reiterated and illustrated using gender differences in job attribute preferences as an example. Second, the paper compares this ‘standard quantitative methods’ approach to Geometric Data Analysis (GDA), an approach that e.g. makes use of principal components analysis. I argue that GDA breaks with many of the problematic features of traditional statistics by being multi-dimensional (as opposed to one-dimensional), having a statistical model formulated at the individual level (as opposed to treating individuals as mere ‘residuals’) and visualising the results (as opposed to just presenting the results exclusively in numbers). Third, the empirical analyses from the first part of the paper are then used as an example and analysed again, thereby introducing the basic concepts and principles which comprise GDA. Data used in the paper stem from the study Youth on the margin where a sample of young men and women from the North Denmark Region were asked to fill out a battery of job attribute preferences among other things. This is an important topic because such preferences are widely thought to be closely related to the continuing segregation of the Danish labour market.

Gender, Incumbency and Party List Nominations

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Meserve ◽  
Daniel Pemstein ◽  
William T. Bernhard
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Party Ideology ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
European Parliament Elections ◽  
Proportional Elections

This study assesses how political parties’ candidate selection strategies influence women’s descriptive parliamentary representation. Focusing on proportional elections, it explores what determines whether parties place women in viable list positions. Evaluating party rankings at the individual level, it directly examines a mechanism – party nomination – central to prevailing explanations of empirical patterns in women’s representation. Moreover, it jointly evaluates how incumbency and gender affect nomination. This study uses European Parliament elections to compare a plethora of parties, operating under numerous institutions, in the context of a single legislature. It finds that gender differences in candidate selection are largely explained by incumbency bias, although party ideology and female labor force participation help explain which parties prioritize the placement of novice women.

scholarly journals Sex-Gender Awareness in Diabetes

Diabetology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Tonolo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Sex and gender can affect incidence, prevalence, symptoms, course and response to drug therapy in many illnesses, being sex (the biological side) and gender (the social-cultural one), variously interconnected. Indeed, women have greater longevity; however, this is accompanied by worse health than men, particularly when obesity is present. Sex-gender differences are fundamental also in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Just for example in the prediabetes situation impaired fasting glucose (expression of increased insulin resistance) is more common in men, while impaired glucose tolerance (expression of beta cell deficiency) is more common in female, indicating a possible different genesis of type 2 diabetes in the two sexes. In type 1 diabetes male and female are equivalent as incidence of the disease since puberty, while estrogens act as protective and reduce the incidence of type 1 diabetes in female after puberty. Considering macrovascular complications, diabetic women have a 3.5 fold higher increased cardiovascular risk than non diabetic women, against an observed increase of “only” 2.1 fold in male. Thus it is clear, although not fully explained, that sex-gender differences do exist in diabetes. Another less studied aspect is that also physician gender influences quality of care in patients with type 2 diabetes, female physicians providing an overall better quality of care, especially in risk management. The goal of this short commentary is to open the special issue of Diabetology: “Gender Difference in Diabetes” leaving to the individual articles to deepen differences in genesis, psychologists aspects and complications of the disease.

scholarly journals Male, Female, and Nonbinary Differences in UK Twitter Self-descriptions: A Fine-grained Systematic Exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Thelwall ◽  
Saheeda Thelwall ◽  
Ruth Fairclough
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Personal Appearance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

AbstractPurposeAlthough gender identities influence how people present themselves on social media, previous studies have tested pre-specified dimensions of difference, potentially overlooking other differences and ignoring nonbinary users.Design/methodology/approachWord association thematic analysis was used to systematically check for fine-grained statistically significant gender differences in Twitter profile descriptions between 409,487 UK-based female, male, and nonbinary users in 2020. A series of statistical tests systematically identified 1,474 differences at the individual word level, and a follow up thematic analysis grouped these words into themes.FindingsThe results reflect offline variations in interests and in jobs. They also show differences in personal disclosures, as reflected by words, with females mentioning qualifications, relationships, pets, and illnesses much more, nonbinaries discussing sexuality more, and males declaring political and sports affiliations more. Other themes were internally imbalanced, including personal appearance (e.g. male: beardy; female: redhead), self-evaluations (e.g. male: legend; nonbinary: witch; female: feisty), and gender identity (e.g. male: dude; nonbinary: enby; female: queen).Research limitationsThe methods are affected by linguistic styles and probably under-report nonbinary differences.Practical implicationsThe gender differences found may inform gender theory, and aid social web communicators and marketers.Originality/valueThe results show a much wider range of gender expression differences than previously acknowledged for any social media site.

scholarly journals PERSONALITY AND GENDER: WHAT DO THEY TELL US ABOUT ADOLESCENT ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Alice Murteira Morgado ◽  
Maria da Luz Vale Dias
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Characteristic Style ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Antisocial Tendencies

Abstract:Personality refers to a set of relatively stable traits that determine a characteristic style of interaction between the individual and the environment. Nevertheless, during adolescence and early adulthood there may be some changes in personality associated with psychosocial development, influencing the involvement of individuals in different social interactions. The role of personality traits on antisocial behaviours is well acknowledged as well as the existence of important differences between boys and girls in what concerns the frequency and severity of antisocial manifestations. The presented research was conducted in order to provide a more complete understanding of gender differences on adolescent antisocial behaviour and to verify what personality characteristics may facilitate antisocial tendencies in boys and girls during this developmental stage. For that purpose, we gathered a sample of 489 students between the 5th and the 12th grades, attending schools in the region of Coimbra. They filled collectively, in classroom, the Portuguese versions of the Youth SelfReport’s “antisocial” factor (Achenbach, 1991; Fonseca et al., 1999) and the Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire for Children (Fonseca, & Eysenck, 1989), while their parents were asked to fill the Portuguese version of Child Behaviour Checklist’s “opposition/immaturity” and “aggressive behaviour” factors (Achenbach, 1991; Fonseca et al., 1994). Our results confirm the existence of significant differences between boys and girls in personality and antisocial tendencies, and show differences in personality between individuals with lower and higher antisocial tendencies. The role of psychoticism on antisocial behaviour was also evident, indicating a possible mediating effect of impulsivity on the relation between gender and antisocial behaviour in adolescence.Keywords: personality, gender, differences, antisocial, behaviour 

Performance impact of mobile banking: using the task-technology fit (TTF) approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Tam ◽  
Tiago Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Task Technology Fit ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of mobile banking (m-banking) for individual performance and whether or not there are any age or gender differences. Design/methodology/approach – The research model is based on the task-technology fit (TTF) theory, which integrates elements of task and technology characteristics, technology usage, and individual performance, while combining the age and gender subsamples. The empirical approach was based on an online survey questionnaire of 256 individuals. Partial least squares based on the multi-group analysis were used to analyse the proposed framework construct relationships. Findings – The results reveal that TTF and usage are important precedents of individual performance. The authors find statistically significant differences in path usage to performance impact for the age subsample, and no statistically significant differences for the gender subsample. Originality/value – The paper highlights the TTF model to understand the determinants that influence the individual performance of m-banking, and whether or not there are any age or gender differences. While most earlier research focuses on m-banking adoption, the approach diverges from the majority of the work by examining the individual performance, which has not been considered in earlier studies.

scholarly journals Theoretical principles of gender approach implementation in the educational process of modern educational establishments

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(253) (45) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
L. P. Karnaukh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

The article was dedicated to highlighting the views of modern researchers on the problem of gender approach implementing in the conditions of the activities of preschool educational establishments. The author of the study substantiated the purposefulness of applying a gender approach in the educational process as a mechanism for achieving gender equality and establishing opportunities of equal value for self-realization of each personality. The essential characteristics of the gender approach making provision for the orientation on neutralization and mitigation of the difference between the sexes, gender stereotypes; taking into account the social-and-gender differences between children; promotion of activities meeting the interests of the individual regardless of gender were revealed

Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

Personal Problem Solving of Partners in Divorce Proceedings

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Soukupova ◽  
Petr Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Thematic Apperception Test ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personal Problem ◽  
Thematic Apperception ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Given

Abstract. The Thematic Apperception Test is one of the most frequently administered apperceptive techniques. Formal scoring systems are helpful in evaluating story responses. TAT stories, made by 20 males and 20 females in the situation of legal divorce proceedings, were coded for detection and comparison of their personal problem solving ability. The evaluating instrument utilized was the Personal Problem Solving System-Revised (PPSS-R) as developed by G. F. Ronan. The results indicate that in relation to card 1, men more often than women saw the cause of the problem as removable. With card 6GF, women were more motivated to resolve the given problem than were men, women had a higher personal control and their stories contained more optimism compared to men’s stories. In relation to card 6BM women, more often than men, used emotions generated from the problem to orient themselves within the problem. With card 13MF, the men’s level of stress was less compared to that of the women, and men were more able to plan within the context of problem-solving. Significant differences in the examined groups were found in those cards which depicted significant gender and parental potentials. The TAT can be used to help identify personality characteristics and gender differences.

Sex and Gender Differences

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hausmann ◽  
Barbara Schober
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender Differences
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