scholarly journals Categorized and Mapping the Lexical Meaning that Describing Sexual Harassment (Obscenity/Lewd) Crimes in Malay Tabloid Press

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Ain Nadhirah ◽  
Rozaimah Rashidin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Newspaper Data ◽  
Digital Newspaper ◽  
Tabloid Press

The categorization of meanings against lexical items that have multiple meanings or that undergo an expansion of meaning often poses problems to language users. This is because language users are often confused and unsure of the true meaning of a lexical item based on the context of its use. Studies on lexical semantics have been extensively conducted but most of the studies conducted focus on the meaning of adjectives, idioms and verbs only. Studies linking word meaning to sexual crime using newspaper data are still considered new and still lacking in number. This study, which uses Prototype Theory, will utilize digital newspaper data, namely Harian Metro, which is expected to fill the existing gaps. This prototype theory is proven to help unravel the cognitive processes involved as the reader tries to understand the true meaning of the word meaning that describes this obscene sexual crime. This study also proves that the use of cognitive semantics by utilizing prototype theory as well as the concept of lexical mapping has helped the process of utterance comprehension take place. All these cognitive processes are used in helping the reader understand the true meaning of a word. This study proves that the lexical used to describe the obscene crime is easily understood by the reader but there are other features that can be used by the author to describe the obscene sexual crime. This aims to further facilitate the reader's understanding of obscene sexual crimes. Overall, the results of this study found that the lexical used is appropriate to the concept of the crime of obscenity.  

scholarly journals PEDOPHILIA AS A FORM OF SEXUAL DEVIANCE FROM A SOCIAL BONDS THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ((S1)) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Ermania Widjajantin ◽  
Rusmilawati Windari
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Sexual Deviance ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
Travis Hirschi ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

Sexual crimes have seen a considerably increase in Indonesia. It not only affects women but also children. Sexual crime against children is also known as “pedophilia” and has now become a terrifying phenomenon. The escalation of sexual crime against children in Indonesia shows that there is a dire need to look into possible prevention strategies to sexual crime prevention. Considering the rapid increase of case of pedophilia in Indonesia, the government has enacted more severe punisment to the offender, that is, by imposing chemical castration under the Law No. 17 Year 2016 on the second amendment of the Law No. 23 Year 2002 on child protection. This article examines the causal factors of pedophilia by employing the social bonds theory introduced by Travis Hirschi. The primary premise of this theory states that deliquency comes up when social bonds tend to be fragile or not unavailable, or in other words, the stronger there bonds, the less likelihood of delinquency. Hirschi also mentioned four social bonds that push up socialization and conformity in society, those are: attachment, commitment, involvement, dan belief. Finally, the problems raised in this article is how does pedophilia in perspective of social bonds theory?. This article is a legal research with normative approach. It is geared to look phaedophilia as a sexual deviance in perspective of social bonds theory.

scholarly journals Frege in Space: A Program for Compositional Distributional Semantics

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Baroni ◽  
Raffaella Bernardi ◽  
Roberto Zamparelli
Keyword(s):  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Distinct Word ◽  
Compositional Distributional Semantics

The lexicon of any natural language encodes a huge number of distinct word meanings. Just to understand this article, you will need to know what thousands of words mean. The space of possible sentential meanings is infinite: In this article alone, you will encounter many sentences that express ideas you have never heard before, we hope. Statistical semantics has addressed the issue of the vastness of word meaning by proposing methods to harvest meaning automatically from large collections of text (corpora). Formal semantics in the Fregean tradition has developed methods to account for the infinity of sentential meaning based on the crucial insight of compositionality, the idea that meaning of sentences is built incrementally by combining the meanings of their constituents. This article sketches a new approach to semantics that brings together ideas from statistical and formal semantics to account, in parallel, for the richness of lexical meaning and the combinatorial power of sentential semantics. We adopt, in particular, the idea that word meaning can be approximated by the patterns of co-occurrence of words in corpora from statistical semantics, and the idea that compositionality can be captured in terms of a syntax-driven calculus of function application from formal semantics.

Associations Between Substance Use in Commission of Sexual Crimes and Offense Characteristics Among Youth: Mitigating Effects of Substance Use Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Yoder ◽  
Deborah A. Caserta
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Substance Use Treatment ◽  
Sexual Deviance ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
Mitigating Factor ◽  
Sequential Regression

The small extant research base on substance use and youth sexual offending has very few descriptive details. Furthermore, research has yet to test associations between the use of substances in the commission of sexual crimes and offense-related characteristics and how substance use treatment can mitigate these effects. In a sample of residentially housed youth adjudicated of a sexual crime ( N = 332), prevalence patterns are broken down by type of substance use behavior. Sequential regression models are run to test the associations between substance use prior to a sexual crime and number of victims, sexual deviance, and non-sexual criminality. Substance use treatment is tested as a mitigating factor in these relationships. Results reveal high levels of family substance use, and high rates of alcohol, marijuana, and other substance use. There were associations between substance use prior to sexual criminality and sexual deviance and non-sexual criminality. Substance use treatment reduced the effects of substance use on non-sexual criminality. Research and treatment implications are offered.

scholarly journals Cognitive and affective components of interpersonal interaction in patients with abnormal sexual behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.Y. Demidova ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
State Research ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Affective Components

We discuss the problem of interpersonal interaction in the perpetrators of sexual crimes against children. The purpose of the study was to examine the abilities evolved as important factors of interpersonal interaction disorders and of sexual crime predictors: decentration, identification and recognition of emotions and empathy. The experimental study sample comprised 26 people who have committed sexual offenses against children and held stationary comprehensive examination on the basis of V.P. Serbskiy State Research Center of Social and Forensic Psychiatry (14 of them were diagnosed with pedophilia). The control group (N = 21) consisted of people who have never held criminally liable. The study showed that the greatest deficits in the studied abilities were demonstrated by the criminals without pedophilia. Individuals with pedophilia have difficulty recognizing their own and others’emotional state, but at the same time demonstrate higher rates of decentration and empathy, even in comparison with the control group.

scholarly journals USING CONCORDANCE AND CORPORA TECHNOLOGIES TO RESEARCH THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH/HEALTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys Shvaiber ◽  
◽  
Natalia Romanyshyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Media Texts

The article discusses the notion of concordance as a kind of dictionary of compatibility, which allows to analyze different contexts, to deduce shades of word meaning on their basis, to model semantic fields of correlated words in different languages. The aim of the article is to reveal the methodology of using the technologies of composing corpora of texts and concordances to build a nominative field of the concept HEALTH in English and Ukrainian media texts. The study was based on media texts on medicine, health and coronavirus in English and Ukrainian media texts (newspapers and magazines: USA Today, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, Vysokyi zamok, Ukrainska pravda; online edition: www.bbc. com/ukrainian/, www.bbc. com/news, time.com/, www.nytimes.com/, www.who.int; Gazeta.ua, Holos Ameryky, Hromadskyi prostir, Ukrainskyi tyzhden, Yevropeiska pravda, Hromadske.ua, Ukraina moloda and others). It is illustrated how concordance reflects all cases of use of words in this or that text, corpora of texts; the keywords of the researched concept are searched and the frequency of their use is determined. The use of concordance and corpus technologies (works by A. McCarthy and R. Carter, O'Keefe) is usually associated in linguistics with the study of the semantics of language units based on the calculation of word frequency, keywords, cluster analysis, etc., lexical and grammatical profiles. Work of users with the case is carried out by means of the specialized software – case managers who provide various opportunities on reception of the necessary information from the case. Concordance programs are used in a variety of areas: language learning and learning, language data search and analysis, translation and language engineering, corpus linguistics, lexicography, content analysis in accounting, history, marketing, music, politics, geography, journalism, and more. With concordance, you can create indexes and glossaries, calculate the frequency of use of a word, compare different uses of the word, analyze keywords, find phrases and idioms, create a concordance of one author, and so on. The main task of the concordance is to display all cases of use of the word registered in some texts. The possibility of realization of lexical meaning in the text is demonstrated, which helps to determine the role of lexical unit in the formation of textual conceptual structure.

scholarly journals LEXICAL MEANS OF REPRESENTATION OF A CONCEPT “ROAD, WAY” IN THE KHANTY LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-397
Author(s):  
A.D. Kaksin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Informal Conversation ◽  
The World ◽  
Derivatives Of

The article is devoted to lexical means of representation (verbalization, objectivization) of a concept “Road, Way” in the Khanty language (on material of a Kazym-dialect). Lexical-semantic options of the words which are the center of means of representation of a concept “Road, Way” and also their separate connotations are confirmed by phrases of informal conversation and examples from works of fiction, dictionaries and collections of folklore of the Khanty language. The main objective was defined by the aspiration to approach language material from cognitive science positions: to point to a number of features of the language embodiment of a required concept as derivatives of a “Finno-Ugric” way of knowledge of the world around. Language at such approach is considered through a prism of human perception. Such problems as communication of language and consciousness, language and the culture of the nation come under the spotlight of researchers. In this regard when studying a lexical meaning of a word the special role is got by representation of a cultural background. In anthropocentric aspect a word is understood as a language unit having the value which is beyond a dictionary definition. The substantial structure of a word joins all stock of linguistic and extra-linguistic data, associations, and diverse meanings. At such approach the word meaning is not limited to the concept, and the most “capacious” word becomes topmost (to denote the concept).

scholarly journals Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Eksploitasi Seksual Komersial Melalui Media Sosial

Media Iuris ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Mutiara Nastya Rizky ◽  
Risma Intan Fitriani ◽  
Muhammad Wahyu Sudibyo ◽  
Fatma Ayu Husnasari ◽  
Firmansyah Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
Technological Advances

Today, the crime rate is increasing, one of the trigger is due to the advances in the field of technology and information. Thus not a few people who use technological advances as a crime media to make money. Most of them use children as objects because children are easily persuaded and seduced to get something. One example of a crime that uses a child as an object is a sexual crime. These children are exploited as sexual disseminators disseminated through social media. Looking at the children's point of view as a weak individual then in Indonesia Law number 35 of 2014 was born to ensure that children can grow and develop optimally. So the law is regulated in detail about the rights of children and protection of children as victims of crime. On the other hand, there are several laws that regulate sexual crimes whether committed in cyberspace or not. Because of the importance of providing protection to children, there is more than one rule of law to protect children as victims of sexual crimes through social media. So the systematic specialist principle should be applied to provide legal certainty against the children. The purpose of this research was to determine the legal protection of children as victims of sexual exploitation through social media and the application of lex specialist systematic principles in the case of children as victims of sexual abuse through social media. To be able to answer existing legal problems, the research method is used with the type of doctrinal research and statute approach and conceptual approach. From this research, it can be obtained the results that in the application of the lex systematic specialist principle is based on case.

scholarly journals Dimension of Justice in Restorative Justice Paradigm in the Criminal System for Sexual Violence in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Nurianto Rachmad Soepadmo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
The World ◽  
Justice Restoration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe act of sexual violence is a crime that is classified as a violation of human rights (HAM). The increase number of sexual violence cases in the world, including Indonesia, shows that the current justice system is unable to guarantee justice for victims, and most importantly recovery for victims. For this reason, a justice restoration approach is needed as an alternative in law enforcement against sexual crimes. Practically, marriage used as a way to approach justice restoration. This article used normative and juridical approach to discuss law enforcement on sexual crimes through restorative justice approach. It can be concluded that law enforcement on sexual crimes should observe based on criminology, victimology and ontology aspects, in order to be able to place the problem objectively. As a complaint offense, sexual crimes may not be passed on to criminal process, if there is peace between the victim and the perpetrator, provided that there is an agreement among the victim, perpetrator, family and society without coercion from various parties. The main focus in restorative justice of sexual crimes is to provide protection and assistance to victims from various parties, thus, the victims can be released from trauma or psychological impact that caused by sexual violence experienced by the victim or the impact received after the occurrence of sexual crime.

Conditional Consent and Sexual Crime: Time for Reform?

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-465
Author(s):  
Ticiana Alencar
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Sexual Consent ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
Sexual Autonomy ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Current Reality

Statistics published by the government in 2021 highlight serious problems in England and Wales with a drop in prosecutions of sexual crimes. Part of this issue is attributed to the complexities around sexual consent and public understanding of it. This article highlights a particular problem in the law around conditional consent. It shows that the law on conditional consent is completely incoherent, complicating efforts to increase public education on the matter. The law is also limited in its protection of sexual autonomy of victims, as well in its protection of victims against pregnancy. Critics of reform warn against overcriminalisation of rape, and against imposing morals on society. However, it is argued that given the current reality of how rape is dealt with in England and Wales, these concerns should not prevent reform to the law of conditional consent. The article ends by arguing that reform should be carried out to make the law on conditional consent more coherent and to take account of pregnancy as a consequence of sexual intercourse.

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