scholarly journals The right to know and freedom of expression in the Arab world in the Digital Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Iman Mohamed Zahra ◽  
Hosni Mohamed Nasr
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Right To Know ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Right To Know ◽  
Arab States ◽  
The Right

'The right to know' represents a fundamental and vital human right. Progress and development of nations fully require information freedom and knowledge sharing. Using a qualitative analysis of a sample of information and press laws in most of Arab states, this paper aims at discussing 'the right to know' from different perspectives while highlighting the surrounding aspects and their consequences on the right of freedom of expression in those states. The paper also tends to clarify the effects of new media on the vision and practices of governments regarding 'the right to know' and the freedom of the press in the digital age. Moreover, the paper analyzes the different types of censorship the Arab states use to control the new media. Findings shed light on different aspect of 'the right to know' within the different challenges of the digital age and clarify the strong bondage of this right with the other human rights, especially freedom of expression and freedom of the press.

Deferring Citizens' “Right to Know” in an Information Age

2019 ◽  
pp. 264-286
Author(s):  
William Edward Heuva
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Right To Know ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Emerging Democracies ◽  
The Right To Know ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Right

Namibia is one of the emerging democracies that have not yet enacted the Access to Information legislation. While the country has guaranteed freedom of expression and media in its constitution, it has not provided for Access to Information as a constitutional right. This chapter seeks to examine Namibia's reluctance to adopt an Access to Information legislation. It interrogates views that locate the omission of this fundamental human right in the country's constitutional (legal) and policy frameworks. It underscores the failure by Namibia to reverse the information black-out suffered under the Apartheid dispensation. The chapter starts with a theoretical/philosophical rationale for the right to know to elicit an understanding of this discourse and its relevance to emerging democracies, such as Namibia. It then examines attempts by state and civil society to introduce the legislation in the country. Predicted on praxis, the chapter in conclusion provides some suggestions that may help resolving the impasse in adopting the Access to Information legislation in the county.

The Pitfalls and Perils of Being a Digital Journalist in Venezuela

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-337
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Press ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

To be a journalist in Venezuela is very dangerous. In the past decade, there has been an increase of attacks against media and their personnel. On the one hand, attacks against journalists include harassment (physical, digital, legal), illegal detentions, kidnapping, and assassination. On the other hand, digital media have experienced blockages (DNS), internet shutdowns and slow-downs, failures in the connection, and restrictions to access internet-based platforms and content. Since 2014, the situation is deteriorating and limitations to exercise the right to freedom of expression have increased. However, this issue remains understudied; hence, this chapter considers primary and secondary data to analyze the types of limitations experienced by Venezuelan digital journalists from 2014 to 2018, explains the effects of ambiguous regulations and the use of problematic interpretations, and describes the inadequacies of national policies to promote freedom of the press.

Constitutional Interpretation by the Judiciary

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-151
Author(s):  
Himanshu Jha
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Right To Know ◽  
The Press ◽  
Freedom Of Press ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Right To Know ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Right

This chapter traces the trajectory of ideas that emanated from the judiciary since the early 1950s. The ideational movement within the judiciary coincides with the first two phases. This chapter discusses significant judicial cases in which the Supreme Court has interpreted Article 19 (1) (a) of the Constitution of India as inherently containing the right to know. Initially ideas on openness from the judiciary emerged in a nascent form where the judicial verdicts established the linkage between the freedom of press and the importance of information flow and dissemination in a democracy. Later, the judiciary moved beyond the specifics of the press freedom and examined the question of openness in government affairs, challenging the nested norm of secrecy. This interpretation provides the link to the long-drawn process of emerging ideas on openness emanating from within the state.

scholarly journals Freedom of the Press as a Discrete Constitutional Guarantee

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-336
Author(s):  
Benjamin Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Right To Know ◽  
Fundamental Freedom ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
The Press ◽  
Confidential Sources

While “freedom of the press” is explicitly guaranteed in section 2(b) of the Charter, Canadian courts have tended to treat the term as a superfluity to be protected, if at all, through the related but conceptually distinct notion of freedom of expression. This paper argues that the absence of a discrete analytical framework for press freedom fails to give full meaning to the text of the Charter and is inconsistent with the Supreme Court’s own acknowledgment of the vital and unique importance of press freedom within the context of section 2(b). I suggest that the reasons provided for rejecting constitutional protection are typically based on the presumed absence of any workable Charter framework, which the analysis proposed here attempts to supply. To that end, this paper advances a three-step framework for the protection of newsgathering activity and illustrates its operation by applying it to the vexed issue of confidential sources. It concludes by suggesting that adopting a purposive interpretation of press freedom—as a freedom intended to guarantee the public’s “right to know”—would ensure that the Court’s doctrine matches its rhetoric and that this fundamental freedom is no longer treated as a mere constitutional redundancy.

Deferring Citizens' “Right to Know” in an Information Age

2017 ◽  
pp. 245-267
Author(s):  
William Edward Heuva
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Right To Know ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Emerging Democracies ◽  
The Right To Know ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Right

Namibia is one of the emerging democracies that have not yet enacted the Access to Information legislation. While the country has guaranteed freedom of expression and media in its constitution, it has not provided for Access to Information as a constitutional right. This chapter seeks to examine Namibia's reluctance to adopt an Access to Information legislation. It interrogates views that locate the omission of this fundamental human right in the country's constitutional (legal) and policy frameworks. It underscores the failure by Namibia to reverse the information black-out suffered under the Apartheid dispensation. The chapter starts with a theoretical/philosophical rationale for the right to know to elicit an understanding of this discourse and its relevance to emerging democracies, such as Namibia. It then examines attempts by state and civil society to introduce the legislation in the country. Predicted on praxis, the chapter in conclusion provides some suggestions that may help resolving the impasse in adopting the Access to Information legislation in the county.

scholarly journals O PROCESSO POLÍTICO BRASILEIRO A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DA AÇÃO DIRETA DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE N.º 4.451: O PAPEL DA CORTE BRASILEIRA NA PROTEÇÃO E EQUILÍBRIO DE DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS FRENTE AO FENÔMENO DA PÓS-VERDADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-250
Author(s):  
Jéssica Beatriz Da Silva ◽  
Denise Bittencourt Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Political Opinion ◽  
The Press ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Right

RESUMOO presente artigo referiu-se ao estudo do processo político brasileiro por meio da Lei n.º 9.504/97. Nesse enfoque, buscou-se a análise da lei em comento, além do exame da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n.º 4.451. Por fim, procurou-se investigar o fenômeno da Pós-verdade e a atuação da Corte brasileira nesse sentido. Restou-se com metodologia o método dedutivo, sendo empregados procedimentos como a revisão bibliográfica. Diante da influência da Pós-Verdade na formação de opinião política, em que as informações podem ser manipuladas ou até mesmo falsificadas e divulgadas como se verdadeiras fossem, reportou-se como dever da Corte ficar atenta as próximas demandas com a mesma temática, para assim, buscar uma leitura equilibrada entre o direito à liberdade de expressão e o acesso à informação.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pós-verdade; Processo Político; Liberdade de Expressão; Liberdade de Imprensa; Acesso à Informação.ABSTRACTThe present article referred to the study of the Brazilian political process through Law No. 9.504 / 97. In this approach, the aim was to analyze the law in question in addition to the examination of Direct Action of Unconstitutionality No. 4,451. Finally, an attempt was made to investigate the phenomenon of the Post-Truth and the performance of the Brazilian Court in this regard. The deductive method remained with the applied methodology, using procedures such as bibliographic review. In view of the influence of Post-Truth in the formation of political opinion, in which information can be manipulated or even falsified and disseminated as if it were true, it was reported that it was the Court's duty to be attentive to the next demands with the same theme in order to seek a balanced reading between the right to freedom of expression and access to information.KEYWORDS: Post-Truth; Political Process; Freedom of expression; Freedom of the press; Access to information.

scholarly journals Journalism practice and application of the contempt of court principle in the Nigerian judiciary

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 470-487
Author(s):  
Oyakemeagbegha Musah
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Right To Know ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Right To Know ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cardinal Feature

The people’s right to know is a cardinal feature of democratic governance. In the judiciary, the right to know presupposes an open justice system where judges are expected to adjudicate without concealments. As authentic information purveyors in society, the press and the judiciary need collaboration to achieve openness in justice administration and satisfaction of the people’s right to know.Consequently, this paper explores the relationship between Nigerian judges and journalists vis a vis Nigeria’s Chief Judge’s recent directive to the bench to apply “contempt proceedings” in members’ interactions with “wanting” journalists, and the people’s right to know. The paper assessed judges’ professed preconditions for journalists’ presence in court and practical experiences of journalists in Nigerian courts. It identifies a depreciation of values in justice administration behind this morally repulsive relationship between the bench and the press and calls for urgent redress. Keywords: Journalism practice, Prejudice, Contempt of court, Justice administration, Judiciary

Analisis Penerapan Kode Etik Jurnalistik Pada Pemberitaan Pemindahan Ibu Kota Indonesia di Liputan6.com

Koneksi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Wiwin Fitriyani ◽  
Ahmad Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Right ◽  
Included Article

Freedom of the Press is the right to express, disseminate ideas, organize, and so forth. Freedom of the Press is based on the provisions made by the Press Council called the Journalistic Code of Ethics. The Journalistic Code of Ethics is the professional ethics of journalists. As the party that disseminates information to the public, journalists need to practice the provisions of the Journalistic Code of Ethics which consists of 11 articles, because various news reports that journalists report should have an impact on society. Then, one of the news that received more attention from the public, namely regarding the relocation of the Indonesian capital. At that time, the news received various responses from various parties. Therefore, various media are aggressively producing news related to this, such as Liputan6.com. In this study, the Journalistic Code of Ethics analyzed with the news included article 1, 2, and 3. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of the Journalistic Code of Ethics in reporting the removal of the Indonesian Capital City on Liputan6.com. Theories used include news reporting and the Journalistic Code of Ethics. Then, for the research method used, namely quantitative content analysis using coding sheets to process, and analyze the data. The results of this study indicate Liputan6.com has implemented a Journalistic Code of Ethics, although of the 55 news samples there are still 19 news that do not meet the element of balance.Kebebasan pers merupakan hak untuk berekspresi, menyebarluaskan gagasan, dan berorganisasi. Kebebasan pers dilandasi oleh ketentuan yang dibuat Dewan Pers yang disebut Kode Etik Jurnalistik. Kode Etik Jurnalistik adalah etika profesi wartawan. Sebagai pihak yang menyebarkan informasi kepada khalayak, jurnalis perlu mempraktikan ketentuan Kode Etik Jurnalistik yang terdiri dari 11 pasal. Hal ini karena berbagai berita yang jurnalis laporkan akan memberi dampak pada masyarakat. Salah satu pemberitaan yang mendapatkan perhatian lebih dari masyarakat, yaitu mengenai pemindahan ibu kota Indonesia. Pada saat itu, kabar tersebut mendapatkan berbagai respon dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, berbagai media gencar dalam memproduksi berita terkait hal tersebut, salahsatunya Liputan6.com. Pada penelitian ini, Kode Etik Jurnalistik yang dianalisis dengan pemberitaan tersebut, antara lain pasal 1, 2, dan 3. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui penerapan Kode Etik Jurnalistik pada pemberitaan pemindahan Ibu Kota Indonesia di Liputan6.com. Teori yang digunakan diantaranya pemberitaan, dan Kode Etik Jurnalistik. Metode penelitian yang dipakai yakni analisis isi kuantitatif dengan memakai lembar codinguntuk mengolah, dan menganalisis datanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan Liputan6.com sudah menerapkan Kode Etik Jurnalistik, meskipun dari 55 sampel berita masih terdapat 19 berita yang tidak memenuhi unsur keberimbangan.

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