Multidimensional Scaling of Pictorial Informativeness

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Antes ◽  
Leroy A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Similarity Analysis

The dimensions used in the judgment of the informativeness of picture sections were investigated by means of a recently proposed methodology, multidimensional similarity analysis. 10 judges (college students) rated the informational similarity of 32 areas within a single picture. The five extracted dimensions accounted for 86% of the judgmental variance and were all readily interpretable. These dimensions were discussed with respect to an earlier study in which eye movements of subjects viewing this picture were recorded.

Aesthetic Evaluation of Computer Icons: Visual Pattern Differences Between Art-Trained and Lay Raters of Icons

2020 ◽  
pp. 003151252096963
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Hu ◽  
Xinrui Wang ◽  
Xinkui Hu ◽  
Xiaofang Lei ◽  
Hongyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Computer Icons

Adopting eye-tracking measures, we explored the influence of art experience on the aesthetic evaluation of computer icons. Participants were 27 college students with art training and 27 laypersons. Both groups rated icons of varying complexity and symmetry for “beauty” while we recorded participants’ eye movements. Results showed that art-trained participants viewed the icons with more eye fixations and had shorter scanning paths than participants in the non-art group, suggesting that art-trained participants processed the icons more deliberately. In addition, we observed an interaction effect between art experience and symmetry. For asymmetrical icons, art-trained participants’ ratings tended to be higher than those of lay persons; for symmetric icons, there was no such rater difference. The different visual patterns associated with aesthetic evaluations by these two participant groups suggest that art experience plays a pivotal role in the aesthetic appreciation of icons and has important implications for icon design strategy.

A Multidimensional Scaling of College Students' Perceptions of Academic Dishonesty

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liora Pedhazur Schmelkin ◽  
Kim Gilbert ◽  
Karin J. Spencer ◽  
Holly S. Pincus ◽  
Rebecca Silva
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Academic Dishonesty

Multidimensional Scale Analysis of Elementary Teachers' Impressions of Selected Social Reinforcers

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Langhorne ◽  
Leroy A. Stone ◽  
Gary J. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Teachers ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Elementary School Teachers ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Scaling Procedure ◽  
Social Reinforcers

A recently proposed multidimensional similarity analysis methodology was used to analyze the dimensionality of a set of selected classroom social reinforcers. Judges were elementary school teachers who frequently administered such reinforcers. The three extracted evaluation dimensions, accounting for 81% of the judgmental variance, were all readily interpretable. The success of this exploratory application of a multidimensional scaling procedure in the realm of educational concerns suggested further uses for such investigative methodologies with regard to other forms of educational judgment-evaluation.

Difference between Long-Term Contact-Lens Wearers and Nonwearers in Amplitude of the Return-Sweep Velocity of Eye Movements during Reading

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 776-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ong ◽  
William C. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading ◽  
Rapid Scanning ◽  
Visual Efficiency

A Beckman Type RM Dynograph was used to record eye movements of 31 college students, 23 of whom had never worn contact lenses and 8 who had worn contact lenses for at least five years and 12 hours a day, while reading equivalent print at a distance of 33 cm. Analysis showed that the deviation indexes of .28 and .26 were comparable, meaning that these two groups showed similar return-sweep velocity amplitudes. A difference of 1.73 mm/.1 sec. between these two group means, 6.79 vs 5.06, respectively, was significant, implying that, while wearing contact lenses improved visual efficiency, it adversely affected reading speed. Further, other tasks involving rapid scanning such as scanning the roadway ahead while driving might similarly be affected.

Trampling associated with bait-collection for sandprawns Callianassa kraussi Stebbing: effects on the biota of an intertidal sandflat

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
RACHEL P. WYNBERG ◽  
GEORGE M. BRANCH
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Physical Disturbance ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Intertidal Sandflat ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Macrofaunal Community

Previous studies have inferred that the side effects of physical disturbance associated with bait-collecting for the sandprawn Callianassa kraussi are more deleterious than the actual removal of the prawns. The present study was specifically designed to disentangle the side-effects of trampling and disturbance associated with using suction pumps for bait-collecting. Separate areas were sucked over with a prawn pump at three different intensities, and the prawns collected from these areas subsequently returned to them. A parallel treatment involved trampling the sediment at levels comparable to the 'sucking' intensities, without removing the prawns. The responses of the meiofauna, macrofauna and microflora were assessed six weeks after this disturbance.Prawn densities were depressed six weeks following both sucking and trampling but recovered by 32 weeks. The meiofauna responded positively to some of the disturbance treatments; macrofaunal numbers on the other hand, declined in most treatment areas, and similarity analysis and multidimensional scaling showed that macrofaunal community composition in the most-disturbed areas was distinct from that in other areas. Chlorophyll levels were reduced at the more intensely-disturbed sites.The results corroborate the conclusion that trampling per se has almost the same effect as sucking for prawns, on both the prawns and on the associated biota. This has important implications in terms of managing the use of lagoonal and estuarine ecosystems.

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