Cognitive Functioning and Socio-Politico Ideology: An Exploratory Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Sidanius
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Intolerance Of Ambiguity

An exploratory investigation of several indices of cognitive functioning within a political domain and their relationship to socio-politico ideology is reported. The term cognitive functioning was sub-divided into three main components, cognitive complexity, cognitive flexibility, and intolerance of ambiguity, and two minor components, cognitive coping and predictive accuracy. The subjects were 46 university students. Correlations and factor analysis showed essentially two general factors of cognitive functioning, neither of which was related to socio-politico ideology. Socio-politico ideology, however, was related to the Budner Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale indicating that the greater one's conservatism, the greater one's intolerance of ambiguity. Socio-politico ideology was defined by the S4 Conservatism Scale recently developed for use within Scandinavian contexts.

scholarly journals The Effect of State Gratitude on Cognitive Flexibility: A Within-Subject Experimental Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Andree Hartanto ◽  
Nadia C. H. Ong ◽  
Wee Qin Ng ◽  
Nadyanna M. Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Considerable research has examined the relationship between positive emotion and cognitive flexibility. Less is known, however, about the causal relationship between discrete positive emotions, specifically gratitude, and cognitive flexibility. Given that different positive emotions may dissimilarly affect cognitive functioning, we sought to examine the effect of state gratitude on cognitive flexibility. A pilot study with ninety-five participants was employed to ensure the effectiveness of our gratitude manipulation. One hundred and thirteen participants were recruited for the main study, which utilized a within-subject experimental approach. After the manipulation, participants completed a well-established task-switching paradigm, which was used to measure cognitive flexibility. Contrary to our hypotheses, we did not find any evidence that state gratitude may enhance cognitive flexibility. The current study identified some boundary conditions around the potential benefits of the experience of gratitude.

COMPARISON BETWEEN PIXE AND XRF FOR OLD JAPANESE COPPER COIN ANALYSIS

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOICHI HARUYAMA ◽  
MANABU SAITO ◽  
TAKAHIRO MUNEDA ◽  
MASAKI MITANI ◽  
RIE YAMAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Edo Period ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Copper Coin ◽  
Place Identification ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Made In

We have measured elemental concentration of old Japanese copper coins made in the Edo period (1600-1860) by PIXE and XRF to study the availability of elemental concentration analysis for production place identification of copper-based archaeological alloys. We also aimed to compare the effectiveness of these two methods for this purpose. We used 2.5 MeV proton beam for PIXE measurement. For XRF measurement we operated a XRF equipment with rhodium target at 50 kV Since elemental uniformity is indispensable for concentration analysis, we also measured the elemental distributions by SEM at 25 kV. Two dimensional images obtained by SEM showed nearly uniform distribution for iron, tin and antimony but not for lead. Besides of main components, copper and lead, many minor components were measured by PIXE and XRF. The relative concentrations of arsenic, silver, antimony and tin showed clear difference by the place the coins were made.

The Value of an Undergraduate HRD Degree: An Exploratory Investigation of Perceived Employability and Career Success

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomika W. Greer ◽  
Consuelo L. Waight
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Program Administrators ◽  
Perceived Employability ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Subjective Career Success

The Problem Undergraduate human resource development (HRD) programs are becoming increasingly popular. However, there is little research available regarding the outcomes of the alumni of these programs and the value that they attribute to their undergraduate HRD degree. The Solution In this exploratory study, a survey was used to assess the value of an undergraduate HRD education among graduates of an undergraduate HRD program. Perceived employability and subjective career success were used as measures to assess the value of an undergraduate HRD degree from the perspective of alumni from an undergraduate HRD program. Academic achievement was also considered for the possibility of impacting the perceived value of the degree. Descriptive statistics are used to report the findings related to perceived employability and subjective career success. The Stakeholders The results of this study are useful to undergraduate HRD program administrators and alumni who are interested in the career outcomes of undergraduate HRD students in the first few years following their graduation. These administrators and alumni can use the results to market and describe the value of an undergraduate degree in HRD. An additional stakeholder group includes potential students who may seek clarification on the experiences of graduates of the undergraduate HRD programs that the potential students may be considering.

Cognitive functioning after deep brain stimulation in subcallosal cingulate gyrus for treatment-resistant depression: An exploratory study

2015 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Serra-Blasco ◽  
Sol de Vita ◽  
Mar Rivas Rodríguez ◽  
Javier de Diego-Adeliño ◽  
Dolors Puigdemont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Deep Brain

Field Dependence, Cognitive Functions, Personality Traits, and Social Values in Heavy Cannabis Users and Nonuser Controls

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddeus E. Weckowicz ◽  
Gary Collier ◽  
Lawrence Spreng
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Larger Sample

The current study replicated a previous one concerned with relations of chronic marijuana use, cognitive functioning, personality traits, and social values. A larger sample of subjects was used and several additional measures designed to assess field dependence were also administered. 24 heavy cannabis users were more field independent and had better control of attention processes than 24 nonusers. They also performed slightly better on tasks designed to measure originality, cognitive flexibility, and general cognitive functioning. There was no evidence of brain damage or impaired cognitive functioning. Most previously noted differences having to do with personality and social values were replicated, although some failed to reach significance in the current study. Implications of both studies are discussed, with special reference to self-selection.

Psychological Stress as a Determinant of Cognitive Complexity

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Stimulus Dimension ◽  
Complexity Measure ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stressful Task ◽  
Stimulus Incongruity

In an exploratory study of the situational generality of cognitive complexity (CC), Ss were administered a modification of Kelly's Role Construct Repertory Test under non-stress or stress instructions. The social role-figures on the complexity measure were also divided into socially close and distant subgroups. The results supported previous research indicating greater CC toward distant persons, perhaps a result of the perceiver's vigilant stance toward such individuals. However, Ss were generally less complex under stressful task instructions, possibly a manifestation of a decrease in tolerance for stimulus incongruity. Stress thus appears to be a relevant contextual as well as stimulus dimension with respect to CC.

scholarly journals Exploration of Attentional and Executive Abilities in French-Speaking Children Immersed in Dutch Since 1, 2, 3, and 6 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Gillet ◽  
Cristina Anca Barbu ◽  
Martine Poncelet
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Program ◽  
Immersion Program ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Primary Schooling ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

Advantages in diverse aspects of cognitive functioning have been reported in early bilinguals (Bialystok, 2011) as well as in children frequenting an early bilingual immersion school program (Nicolay and Poncelet, 2015). However, during the last decade, some studies failed to replicate these advantages. Currently, the presence of cognitive benefits in children frequenting an immersion program remains debated. The lack of consistency between the studies could come from the fact that time spent by children within the immersion program is variable from one study to the other and that studies used different tasks to assess the same cognitive function. The main aim of the present study was to determine how time spent in immersion affects the emergence of cognitive advantages along the primary schooling. We compared 196 immersed Dutch-speaking children since they were 5 years old and 195 non-immersed French-speaking children, from different grades of the primary schooling (i.e., at 6, 7, 8, and 12 years old) by using the same attentional and executive tasks as those used in previous studies having shown a bilingual advantage. Furthermore, these groups were matched on a set of variables known to influence cognitive functioning. After 1, 2, and 3 years of enrolment in this program, performances of immersed compared to non-immersed children did not differ for any task. However, after 6 years, immersed children outperformed non-immersed children on the cognitive flexibility and the working memory tasks. These results show that, in French-speaking children immersed in Dutch, cognitive advantages could depend on the length of time spent in immersion since they are not present at the beginning (after 1, 2, and 3 years) but seem to emerge at the end of it (after 6 years). In contrast, in previous studies conducted in English immersion, advantages appear at the beginning of the primary schooling but are absent at the end of it. Furthermore, these results suggest that the emergence of cognitive advantages may vary depending on the second language learned. The results are discussed in terms of linguistic characteristics and status of the languages at stake.

scholarly journals Is ApoE ε4 Associated with Cognitive Functioning in African Americans Diagnosed with Alzheimer Disease? An Exploratory Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 890-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Mount ◽  
Angela V. Ashley ◽  
James J. Lah ◽  
Allan I. Levey ◽  
Felicia C. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Apoe Ε4

scholarly journals Promising New Approaches to Assess Cognitive Functioning in People with Multiple Sclerosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Becker ◽  
Alexa Stuifbergen ◽  
Janet Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
White Women ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Patient Reported

Cognitive impairment has a major impact on the lives of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Yet it is often underdiagnosed, and more-effective assessment methods are needed. In particular, brief measures that focus on cognitive functioning in daily life situations, are sensitive to modest change over time, and do not require a highly skilled assessor merit exploration. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the performance of individuals with MS on three relatively new measures—the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cognitive Concerns and Abilities Scales and the Everyday Problems Test (EPT)—and to compare scores on these measures with scores on neurocognitive performance measures typically used to assess cognitive functioning in people with MS. Twenty-nine individuals with MS who reported cognitive concerns participated in the study. Most were non-Hispanic white women with relapsing-remitting MS that was diagnosed approximately 18 years previously. All three measures yielded reliability coefficients of 0.80 or above and also demonstrated sensitivity to change following an educational intervention. Scores on the Revised EPT (EPT-R) were moderately correlated with scores on five standard neuropsychological measures. Compared with scores on the PROMIS Cognitive Concerns Scale, those on the self-reported PROMIS Cognitive Abilities Scale tended to correlate more highly with the neurocognitive performance measures, although the correlations were generally small. While results of this exploratory study are promising, future research should be conducted with larger and more diverse samples of people with MS to determine the broader utility of these measures.

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