scholarly journals EU LAW AND STATE AIDS IN AGRICULTURE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Martin Janků
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Common ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
State Aids ◽  
Block Exemption ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Regulation of state aids form an integral part of the EU law from its very origin. Various special rules on provision of state aids were created as secondary law rules by the EU Council and EU Commission. They distinguish between horizontal and sectoral state aid. Horizontal aid concerns schemes potentially benefiting all undertakings regardless of their industry. Sectoral aid is targeted at specific industries or sectors. The paper deals with the legal framework of state aid rules in the agriculture sector. As first, it discusses the extent to which the State aid rules have been generally applied in the agriculture sector by the EU Council under Article 36 of the Treaty, together with the extent to which they have been specifically applied under the regulations which govern both the .common organizations of the market and rural development. Following chapter analyses the agriculture de minimis Regulation, which sets out circumstances in which agricultural aid is sufficiently small that Article 107/1 TFEU will be not applied. Thereafter the paper focuses on the provisions of the Agriculture Block Exemption Regulation and, finally, on agricultural aid that falls to be notified to the Commission as being authorized under the Agriculture Guidelines.

scholarly journals State Aid Law as a passepartout: Shouldn’t We Stop Taking the Effect on Trade for Granted?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Bernardo Cortese
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Excessive Amount ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Member States ◽  
Legitimate Expectations ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

The present contribution addresses the excessive amount of discretion left to the EU Commission (and Courts) in defining the enforcement priorities in the field of EU State aid Law, by singling out one element of the (inherently vague) the notion of State aid, namely the effect on trade between member States. The approach taken by the Commission’s practice and the ECJ case law in this field ends up building a rather unpredictable legal framework. This risks unreasonably undermining both member States’ legislative choices in fields not necessarily falling under an EU competence, and undertakings’ legitimate expectations.

scholarly journals De minimis state aid

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Nebojša Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
State Aids ◽  
The Eu

In this paper the author analyses de minimis state aid as an exception from the principle of prohibiting the state to help some undertakings in order not to privilege them among other undertakings and to violate their equality on the market. Author explains the notion of de minimis aid, justification of this exception from the prohibition of granting the state aid, privilege that its provider and beneficiary enjoy in comparison with other types of allowable ("compatible") state AIDS, as well as the methods of preventing the circumvention of rules about its granting. Th e author compares the rules of European Union and Serbia in this question, pointing to differences between them. Th e conclusion is that Serbia regulates de minimis aid superficially and vaguely, with important deviations from the EU law. Besides, author contemplates the adequacy of the EU allowable sum of de minimis aid within Serbian economic conditions.

Article 197 TFEU

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Garben
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Eu

The effectiveness of the many rights and obligations under EU law rests on a legal framework consisting of direct application of Treaty rules, harmonized European rules, national rules, and mutual recognition, and the task of implementing and ensuring compliance with these rules lies, in practice, with a large number of public authorities in the twenty-eight MS. In order to carry out this task, MS’ authorities need to cooperate closely, meaning that administrative cooperation is not only desirable but is required by the very nature of the EU. In the context of the free movement of goods, many circulation regimes are accompanied by their own specific mechanism of administrative cooperation.

scholarly journals Fundamental Rights as the Cornerstone of Schengen

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-534
Author(s):  
Tineke Strik
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Member States ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Although the Schengen Border Code (SBC) explicitly obliges Member States to apply the Schengen rules in full compliance with the fundamental rights, Member States’ adherence to this obligation can be questioned in light of recurrent and reliable reports about fundamental rights violations at the EU’s external borders. This contribution will examine why, apart from the deficiencies in the SCHE-VAL mechanism, the current response towards fundamental rights violations at the border is ineffective. First, it will analyse the legal framework, including the implementing rules, to see if additional guidance is needed. Second, the enforcement mechanisms will be examined: how are violations being addressed at the national level, and how does the EU Commission perceive and fulfills its role regarding enforcement of compliance? As the Commission has often referred to the monitoring mechanism as proposed in the draft Screening Regulation, the contribution will examine to what extent this New Pact file will help to resolve the current impunity. Finally, the article will analyse the role of Frontex regarding human rights violations by Member States. What is their responsibility, how do they perform it, and who is enforcing compliance by Frontex?

Foster on EU Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Foster
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Free Movement Of Persons ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Constitutional Law ◽  
State Aids ◽  
The Eu

Foster on EU Law offers an account of the institutions and procedures of the EU legal system as well as focused analysis of key substantive areas including free movement of goods, free movement of persons, citizenship, and competition law including state aids. This clear two-part structure provides a solid foundation in the mechanisms and applications of EU law. The book considers the supremacy of EU law in relation to ordinary domestic, member state constitutional law, and international law including UN Resolutions. It includes a consideration of EU law and the UK, including a consideration of the Brexit referendum result and its possible consequences, also of Germany, and France as well as a briefer look at a number of other member states. It also contains discussion of human rights, in particular the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the moves of the EU to accede to the ECHR. It follows the further developments of Art 263 TFEU and has re-arranged the material on the free movement of persons to take account of the judgments of the Court of Justice.

Support for Renewable Energies and the Creation of a Truly Competitive Electricity Market

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñigo del Guayo Castiella
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Governmental Support ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
State Aids ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Energy Package

Early in the EU liberalization process, renewable energies needed governmental support in a market dominated by traditional sources. Support was considered an exception to prohibition of governmental promotion of indigenous national energy sources. The Climate and Energy Package changed this perspective, leading to the 2009 Directive, allowing member states to enforce support schemes promoting renewable energies. Conflicts emerged between some schemes and the rules on state aids of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Deficient stability of support schemes must yield to a more predictable legal framework. The proposed substitute renewable energies Directive must be read in light of reinforcements of EU sustainable energies policies and 2015 Paris Agreement commitments. Renewable energies technology innovation has reduced costs and governmental support is somehow redundant. The future Directive provides rules that are compatible with competition and on the need to support generation from renewable energies in other member states.

Administrative Procedure and Judicial Review in the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
Matteo Gnes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
National Courts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Procedural Requirement ◽  
The Eu

This chapter assesses administrative procedure and judicial review in the European Union. The requirement of judicial oversight of administrative action, which results from the common constitutional traditions of the Member States of the EU, is a general principle of EU law, and it is applicable both to proceedings before the Court of justice and before national courts, when EU law is invoked before them. The EU courts carry out a generalized review on any binding acts. Although there are certain differences between acts that may be challenged according to the different remedies provided by EU law, in order to be challengeable, the acts must fulfil several conditions. The most important are: they must be binding and produce legal effects, be definitive and be taken by EU institutions in the exercise of their competencies. Article 263 TFEU provides that the acts of EU institutions may be annulled on grounds of 'lack of competence, infringement of an essential procedural requirement, infringement of the Treaties or of any rule of law relating to their application, or misuse of powers'. Acts or failure to act may give rise to the liability of EU institutions.

30. The State and the Common Market

EU Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1148-1190
Author(s):  
Paul Craig ◽  
Gráinne de Búrca
Keyword(s):  
Private Firm ◽  
The State ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Aids ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Academic Debate ◽  
The Way

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines the way in which the actions of the state can infringe the Treaty. The Treaty contains a number of relevant provisions, including Article 4(3) TEU, and Articles 14, 34, 101, 102, 106, and 107-109 TFEU. While there are valid reasons for EU controls, the topics discussed raise important issues concerning the very nature of the EU. Thus, the jurisprudence under Article 106 has prompted questions about how far it is possible for a state to entrust certain activities to a public monopoly, or to a private firm that has exclusive rights. The UK version contains a further section analysing issues concerning state aids and the UK post-Brexit.

The Current Legal Framework on the Right to Seek Health Care Abroad in the European Union

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 261-286
Author(s):  
Tamara K Hervey
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Eu

Cases involving patients such as Mrs Yvonne Watts, who travelled from the UK to France for a hip replacement to avoid a ‘waiting list’ in the UK, relying on rights in European Union (EU) law, attract high levels of media attention. While the vast majority of patients are either unwilling or unable to travel across borders to receive health care, it is clear that some patients are seeking health care abroad. Although data on patient mobility within the EU are significantly limited, nevertheless, a relatively steady, small but not insignificant number of patients are moving across borders within the EU to receive health care. This paper considers the current legal framework on the rights in EU law of those patients who seek health care in another Member State. As the right to seek private health care abroad is (largely) non-contentious, and has been a well-established feature of EU law since at least the mid 1980s, the focus of this paper is on publicly or quasi-publicly funded health care.

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