Crowdfunding as an Alternative Method of Raising Capital

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Research Task ◽  
Type Of Institution ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

AbstractCrowdfunding is a method of financing new ventures, commercial, cultural or social, often in return for future products or actions, engaged in by many investors. Currently, it is an important element in the structure of available sources of financing for investment projects. Despite the interest of potential investors, individual social sponsors and large-scale activities of institutions promoting knowledge about the functioning of crowdfunding aimed at encouraging and promoting it as a source of capital for new ventures, there is a lack of knowledge and, consequently, experience on its development and achievement. The aim of this study is to analyze this source of financing, assess its development globally and in Poland. In the preparation of the article,. a critical analysis of foreign and Polish literature was carried out, and descriptive and comparative research methods applied. The research task undertaken in the study was to analyze the crowdfunding market globally and in Poland. The Polish crowdfunding platforms were detailed and compared in terms of value in relation to the largest global platforms. The source for analyses of crowdfunding development in Poland was available literature on the analyzed topic and secondary data from the websites of specialized internet platforms. The article depicts a new, but important, aspect of financing the activity of enterprises, which is crowdfunding. It should be emphasized that there is still insufficient knowledge about this type of institution and, as a result, the importance and role that social financing plays in the financial market.

scholarly journals The untapped promise of secondary data sets in international and comparative education policy research

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Chudgar ◽  
Thomas F Luschei
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Comparative Education ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
International Comparative Research ◽  
International And Comparative Education ◽  
International Comparative

The objective of this commentary is to call attention to the feasibility and importance of large-scale, systematic, quantitative analysis in international and comparative education research. We contend that although many existing databases are under- or unutilized in quantitative international-comparative research, these resources present the opportunity for important, policy-relevant descriptive studies. We conclude the commentary with overarching observations about the strengths and limitations of such secondary data-based analysis.

scholarly journals Methodology for Determining the Location of River Ports on a Modernized Waterway Based on Non-Cost Criteria: A Case Study of the Odra River Waterway

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3571
Author(s):  
Bogusz Wiśnicki ◽  
Dorota Dybkowska-Stefek ◽  
Justyna Relisko-Rybak ◽  
Łukasz Kolanda
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Odra River ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Construction Works

The paper responds to research problems related to the implementation of large-scale investment projects in waterways in Europe. As part of design and construction works, it is necessary to indicate river ports that play a major role within the European transport network as intermodal nodes. This entails a number of challenges, the cardinal one being the optimal selection of port locations, taking into account the new transport, economic, and geopolitical situation that will be brought about by modernized waterways. The aim of the paper was to present an original methodology for determining port locations for modernized waterways based on non-cost criteria, as an extended multicriteria decision-making method (MCDM) and employing GIS (Geographic Information System)-based tools for spatial analysis. The methodology was designed to be applicable to the varying conditions of a river’s hydroengineering structures (free-flowing river, canalized river, and canals) and adjustable to the requirements posed by intermodal supply chains. The method was applied to study the Odra River Waterway, which allowed the formulation of recommendations regarding the application of the method in the case of different river sections at every stage of the research process.

scholarly journals The Impact of Common Problems between the Sectors of Industry and Capital and Ways of their Solutions in the Russian Federation: أثر المشاكل المُشتركة بين قِطاعات الصِناعة ورؤوس الأموال وطُرُق حُلولها في روسيا الإتحادية

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemer Louay Badwan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
The Impact

This study summarizes the impact of common problems between capital and industry sectors and aims to find solutions to these problems to reduce them or to reduce them. It also clarifies the resemblance and comparison of technology to the sectors of industry and capital in Russian Russia. Russia's total over the previous years, and show what happened in the Russian financial market following the withdrawal of many capital and investors from within Russia to abroad, and also shows us this study also the rotational nature of capital in Russia, as this study shows some of its objectives as a most important explanation The capital and industry sectors, their success factors and competitiveness in their application. It also shows the impact of capital financing on industries, clarifying the role of capital finance in various investment projects and in different sectors of industry, and summarizes the scientific and practical concept of capital and industry sectors. And the process, and this can be seen through analytical, graphical and statistical tables within the Russian market in terms of products, profits and losses of the Russian industries by percentages, and the exposure of some Russian investments within Russia, As well as some of the dynamics of consumption within Russia in terms of expenditures, exports, imports and expenditures, and the structure of small and medium-sized enterprises in percentages in terms of production and consumption In the various sectors of Russian industry. The study also summarizes the role of the Russian financial market in the national economic activity and the ratios of fixed assets and the total amounts invested and taxes imposed on them. The study also examined the financial and industrial activities of most of the industrial sectors in Russia and their impact on the economic situation inside the country.

scholarly journals Indicators of economic risks in the indicator system of the Russian financial market: dynamics and role in ensuring the country’s economic security

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
T. I. Demidenko ◽  
Yu. S. Zharkova ◽  
E. I. Brichka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Economic Risks

The need to ensure economic security in the context of globalization is based on the stable and safe development of all spheres of society. The financial market is the most large–scale and vulnerable area of the economic life of society, in this regard, it is relevant to study the threats affecting the activities of entities in the financial market, namely the role of economic risks in the financial market as an element of ensuring the country’s economic security. The methodological instruments of the work is based on the use of general methods of scientific knowledge, used both at the empirical and theoretical level: comparison, abstraction, modeling, analysis and synthesis. The article analyzes the risk factors of the Russian financial market since 2014, which allowed us to draw conclusions and formulate possible measures to reduce risks in the financial market that can expand the country’s economic security.

scholarly journals Brazilian Scientific Research about Acupuncture in Dentistry: Bibliometric Analysis of the Papers Presented at SBPqO Meetings

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
José De Alencar Fernandes Neto ◽  
Pettely Thaise De Souza Santos Palmeira ◽  
Jhonatan Thiago Lacerda-Santos ◽  
Ana Luzia Araújo Batista ◽  
Thamyres Maria Silva Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Research ◽  
Keywords Acupuncture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Type Of Institution

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the Brazilian scientific production about acupuncture in dentistry, outlining the profile of the works about the subject presented at the Meetings of the Brazilian Society of Dental Research (SBPqO). It was a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, based on secondary data. An analysis of all abstracts presented in the last ten SBPqO Meetings (2009-2018) published in the annals of the event was carried out. For the research the location of the term "acupuntura" or "acupuncture" among the abstracts was realized and the following information was collected: type of institution that carried out the research (public or private), Brazilian region where it was realized, area or specialty of dentistry and whether it involved humans or animals. Of the 26,514 dental research abstracts published in the annals, only 27 papers were experimental studies or systematic reviews about the subject. Of the total, 23 (85.2%) were developed in public institutions, 15 (55.6%) did not receive financial support 20 (74.1%) were carried out in humans and 13 (48.2%) were developed in the Southeast region. Regarding the dental specialty, the majority (70.4%) investigated acupuncture in "Temporomandibular Dysfunction and Orofacial Pain". Therefore, it can be concluded that few acupuncture studies in dentistry have been developed in the last ten years in Brazil, according to the papers presented at the SBPqO Meetings. Thus, it is suggested that research on the subject be carried out and widely disseminated between the academic and professional milieu. Keywords: Acupuncture Therapy. Dental Research. Complementary Therapies. ResumoO objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a produção científica brasileira sobre a acupuntura na odontologia, traçando o perfil dos trabalhos sobre a temática apresentados nas Reuniões da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica (SBPqO). Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, a partir de dados secundários.  Realizou-se uma análise de todos os resumos apresentados nas últimas dez Reuniões da SBPqO (2009-2018) publicados nos anais do evento. Para pesquisa procedeu-se a localização do termo “acupuntura” ou “acupuncture” entre os resumos e foram colhidas as seguintes informações: tipo de instituição que realizou a pesquisa (pública ou privada), região brasileira onde foi realizada, recebimento de auxílio financeiro, área ou especialidade da odontologia e se envolvia humanos ou animais. Dos 26.514 resumos de pesquisa odontológica publicados em anais, apenas 27 trabalhos tratavam de estudos experimentais ou revisões sistemáticas sobre a temática. Do total, 23 (85,2%) foram desenvolvidos em instituições públicas, 15 (55,6%) não receberam auxílio financeiro, 20 (74,1%) foram realizados em humanos e 13 (48,2%) desenvolvidos na região Sudeste do Brasil. Com relação a especialidade odontológica, a maioria (70,4%) pesquisou sobre a acupuntura na “Disfunção Temporomandibular e Dor Orofacial”. Os achados do presente estudo indicam que poucas pesquisas abordando a acupuntura na odontologia foram desenvolvidas nos últimos dez anos no Brasil, de acordo com os trabalhos apresentados nas Reuniões da SBPqO. Diante disso, sugere-se que pesquisas sobre o tema sejam realizadas e amplamente divulgadas entre o meio acadêmico e profissionais. Palavras-chave: Terapia por Acupuntura. Pesquisa em Odontologia. Terapias Complementares.

A new EDAS method based on prospect theory for Pythagorean fuzzy set and its application in selecting investment projects for highway

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Ju Liu ◽  
Cuiping Wei ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Score Function ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Criteria Weights

PurposeChina is a critical factor for constructing an all-round well-off society. Infrastructure construction, especially high-grade highways, in the western area is an essential component of the strategy for large-scale development of west China. It is crucial to evaluate investment projects for high-grade highways and select the best one. Testing investment projects and selecting the best one can be recognized as a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In this process, decision-makers (DMs) usually face with uncertain information because of complicated decision environment or their limited knowledge.Design/methodology/approachA new Evaluation based on the Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) for PFS based on the DEMATEL is proposed: The authors offer a new score function and prove some properties for the score function. They put forward a novel Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method for PFS to analyze the relations of criteria and get criteria weights. Considering the bounded rationality of DM, the authors propose a new EDAS method for PFS based on prospect theory. They apply their proposed approach to a western city's actual case in selecting a suitable project for building a high-grade highway.FindingsBy comparison, the authors can observe that our method has some traits: (1) considering bounded rationality of DM; (2) fewer computation; (3) having the ability to obtain the relation of criteria and finding the critical factor in the decision system.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors propose a new EDAS method for PFS based on the DEMATEL technique. They transform PFS into crisp numbers by their proposed new score function for PFN to make the decision process more convenient. Then, the authors use the DEMATEL method to obtain the relationship between criteria and criteria weights. Furthermore, they propose a new EDAS method for PFS based on DEMATEL to reduce the computational complexity. Finally, they apply our method to a real case and compare our method with two traditional methods.

Docenten onder druk? De invloed van schoolgrootte op de arbeidssatisfactie van docenten in het voortgezet onderwijs

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Vermeeren ◽  
Bas de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
School Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Teacher Job Satisfaction ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Teacher Work

Teachers under Pressure? The influence of school size upon teacher job satisfaction in Dutch secondary education Teachers under Pressure? The influence of school size upon teacher job satisfaction in Dutch secondary education In the last decades, a visible and significant upscaling of educational organisations can be witnessed in nearly all Dutch educational sectors. The rise of large-scaled public service organisations is related with increased interest in the quality and 'humanity' of education. Many discussions about large scale education are connected with supposed problems concerning teacher work within schools. It is regularly taken for granted that scale expansion puts teaching staff under pressure, and it has become usual to blame school size for several problems (demotivated professionals, failing quality of education). However, these assumptions are highly controversial. The research of presented in this article intends to answer the question what influence school size has upon teacher job satisfaction in Dutch secondary education. Based on a secondary data-analysis and case study research, we demonstrate that the scale of educational organisations does not necessarily say a lot. In contrast with prevailing views about school size, working in large secondary schools does not by definition harm teacher job satisfaction. On the basis of these findings, we propose a more fine-tuned approach, which attends the organisational context of teachers' work and other factors which affect teacher job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Balanced Scorecard-Based Evaluation of Sustainable Energy Investment Projects with IT2 Fuzzy Hybrid Decision Making Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengran Zhou ◽  
Pengfei Zhou ◽  
Serhat Yüksel ◽  
Hasan Dinçer ◽  
Gülsüm Sena Uluer
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fuzzy Dematel ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Energy Companies

The purpose of this study is to determine the issues that financial institutions should pay attention to in their decision to provide financing to large scale energy projects. Within this framework, taking into account the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach, 4 dimensions and 8 criteria that can be effective in these decisions of financial institutions were determined. After that, the importance weights of these dimensions and criteria were determined by interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy DEMATEL method. In addition, 3 different types of banks (public, private, foreign) are listed for their performance in financing energy projects. According to the results of the analysis, the technological and financial adequacy of the company that will invest in energy is the issue that financial institutions should pay the most attention to in their credit decision. Therefore, it is important for financial institutions to visit the customer's location and pay attention to the technological adequacy in the process of evaluating the customer's demand for credit for a large-scale energy project. In addition, it would be appropriate not to provide this fund to the energy companies with high indebtedness and insufficient liquidity. Another result of the study is that state banks have the lowest performance in financing these large-scale energy projects. When this result is taken into consideration, state banks need to pay more attention in evaluating large-scale energy projects in order to avoid major losses.

The leading small group: an institutional innovation for PPP projects in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajian Zhang ◽  
Willie Tan
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Level

Purpose It is widely recognized that large-scale public–private partnership (PPP) projects require an effective coordination mechanism among various stakeholders throughout the project life cycle. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into how this may be achieved through the leading small group (LSG), which is a distinctive informal Chinese institution for coordination among various public agencies. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth case study using secondary data and five in-depth interviews with two staff members from the developer and three government officials involved is used to probe into how the LSG functions during the various development phases of the Yangzhou Teda Waste-to-Energy project. Findings The main finding is that, conditional on its capacity, the LSG coordinated various public agencies to promote fast project implementation and ensure its smooth operation by making high-level decisions, facilitating quick permits and approvals, and mitigating the risks. However, formalization and participation from other stakeholders are needed to ensure good governance. Research limitations/implications Because it is an exploratory case study, the findings cannot be readily generalized. Further research can be done to compare the performance of LSGs in different Chinese cities and PPP projects. Practical implications It is supposed that this paper can provide implications of designing effective coordination mechanisms for managing large-scale PPP projects. Originality/value This paper provides an account of the LSG as a distinctive Chinese coordination mechanism that has been rarely studied.

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