The Time of Patriarchs Peter IV and Damian As the Nodal Point of the Genesis of the Coptic Church: Problems and Proposed Solutions

Introduction. The article examines a recently put forward hypothesis that the time of the Coptic Church’s final genesis was the period of the Alexandrian anti-Chalcedonian Patriarchs Peter IV (576–578) and Damian (578–607). Methods. A comparative research method and factor analysis are used. The main research task is to identify all the factors that contributed to the making of full-fledged ecclesiastical structures by the Theodosians (one of the trends of the Egyptian Miaphysites), and a correlation of these factors with each other to single out the main of them. Analysis. The successful establishment of the Miaphysites (Theodosian) episcopate resulted from the configuration of objective and subjective factors. Objective factors include the following: the weakening of control by the central authorities over the structures of the Miaphysites after Justinian I (482/483–565), the increasing regionalization of the empire and the strengthening of the role of local elites in the provinces, the growing importance of the Coptic language in secular and clerical office work. Subjective factors include the victory of the Miaphysite Patriarch Peter IV over his rival Theodore and the appearance of Damian as Peter’s successor. Results. On the whole, the proposed hypothesis quite thoroughly explains the emergence of the Coptic Church during the period. However, it has several disadvantages, which open up a number of prospects for further researches. Firstly, there is almost no explanation for the success of Damian’s personnel policy. Secondly, insufficient attention was paid to the Egyptian anti-Chalcedonian monasticism. From the author’s point of view, Egyptian Miaphysite monks, suffering from the pressure of the central and local authorities after the Chalcedonian schism, managed to establish an effective network functioned as a “rhizome”, on which the episcopate risen during Peter’s and Damian’s time relied primarily in rebuilding stable ecclesiastical structures in Egypt.

Features of regional development processes in modern conditions

The relevance of the study is due to the issues of the successful development of any economic system based on the high dynamism of its links. The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the processes of regional development at the present stage. The article touches upon the topic of the administrative-territorial division of the Republic of Kazakhstan, gives a comparison by the size of the regions, gives the features of their development. The authors focus on the complex solution of the problems of regional development. As a research task, the authors attempted to assess and systematize the features of regional development in Kazakhstan. Considered and given the characteristics of the socio-economic development of the regions. The taxonomic levels of research and the views of scientists who have made a great contribution to the development of theoretical concepts of regional science are analyzed. The article substantiates the priority and effectiveness of the application of the «smart specialization» model to the development process of the region. The characteristics of the sectors of the economy of the raw material region are determined. The effects of the transition of the raw materials region to innovative development according to the «smart specialization» model are indicated. In general, the generalization of the experience of the development of regions according to the «smart specialization» model allows us to draw certain conclusions and recommendations when implementing the «smart specialization» strategy in the regions of Kazakhstan.

Energy-Aware Load Balancing in a Cloudlet Federation

With the rapid increase in computation-intensive tasks, the current research task is to minimize energy consumption due to resource constraints and increased cost. For complex computations where multiple computer systems are required to execute a single task such as in a federated cloudlet environment, load balancing is the main challenge. Load balancing means dividing the total workload between all the present nodes to obtain the maximum benefits from the available resources and to minimize energy consumption. A cloudlet is a resourceful computer that is coupled to the Internet and is accessible for mobile devices in their vicinity. A Cloudlet Federation is the concept of a cooperative framework to share resources and load balancing among various cloudlets. Different tasks consume different amounts of energy for their execution, which results in a large amount of heat dissipation. Due to heat, the performance of the systems is decreased. The more heat is present, the more the performance degrades. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel scheduling strategy that will assign incoming tasks to systems according to their energy consumption level. The proposed methodology is tested in a Cloudlet Federation environment and the results show improved load balancing in terms of energy consumption and heat dissipation.

STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF QUADROCOPTER DESIGN AND SETTINGS ON QUALITY OF ITS WORK DURING MONITORING OF GROUND OBJECTS

The subject of the article is methods of reducing quadcopter magnetometer crosstalk by changing the design and settings of the copter to improve the quality of its work during the monitoring of ground objects. The relevance of the development is determined by the need to increase the physical safety of quadcopters when monitoring ground facilities in various industries because the magnetometer is the most noise-sensitive sensor, and its failure leads to the fall and loss of the drone. The purpose of the article is to determine the optimal design and settings of the quadcopter in terms of its physical safety and quality of work during monitoring of ground facilities in various industries. The research task is to check whether it is possible to protect the magnetometer placed inside the drone body from the power cables crosstalk by grounding, shielding and changing the initial settings of the copter, namely by changing the value of the startup power factor of the motors. Research methods are as follows: theory of automatic control, methods of optimal control and hardware design methods. Conclusions. The role of the drone magnetometer in the monitoring of ground objects has been studied. The study has shown that copters at monitoring ground objects must be equipped with a magnetometer and GPS. The magnetometer is the most sensitive to interference of all sensors. If it does not work properly, the entire drone navigation system stops working. We have carried out experimental studies of the influence of quadcopter design and settings on the quality of its magnetometer work, and hence on work of the copter as a whole. In this paper it is proposed to place a magnetometer inside the body of the drone that will increase its physical safety and simplify the design of the drone, but at the same time it will increase the coupling from the power cables of motors, so it is necessary to choose effective methods of protection. It has been tested whether it is possible to protect the magnetometer from interference from power cables when placing it inside the drone body by grounding, shielding and changing the initial settings of the copter, namely by changing the value of the startup power factor of the motors. The results of the experiments showed that to protect against the interference for magnetometer placed inside the drone body, it is necessary to combine shielding of the magnetometer and decreasing of the startup power factor of the motors.

The Problem of Demarcation of Information Conflicts: Philosophical-Methodological Analysis

The phenomenon of information conflict at the moment is an actual research object of many social and humanitarian disciplines. On the other hand, there is a lack of fundamental theoretical, primarily philosophical and methodological, research on this issue. This is expressed, inter alia, in the absence of philosophical and methodological grounds for isolating an information conflict from the totality of all objectively observed communications, i.e. demarcation of the phenomenon. The problem of finding criteria for an information conflict is of key importance in the formation of the methodological foundations and categorical apparatus for studying this phenomenon. In this regard, the need to develop theoretical foundations for the demarcation of information conflict is an urgent research task. The object of this work is the phenomenon of information conflict as part of the communicative process. The subject of the research is the problem of demarcation of information conflicts from all aggregate communications. The purpose of the study is to describe and substantiate the existing object-oriented methodologies that allow for the demarcation procedure. The following tasks are adequately formulated for the purpose of the study: 1) describe the problem of demarcation; 2) identify the communicative grounds of the information conflict; 3) analyze and highlight the main approaches to the problem of demarcation of information conflict. The novelty of the work lies in the systematic description and structuring of methodological approaches to the problem of demarcation of information conflicts, as well as analysis of the boundaries of methodologies and approaches. In the course of the work, it was determined and proved that, relying solely on the theory of communication, it is impossible to adequately carry out the demarcation procedure; it is necessary to use additional, non-communicative demarcation criteria, which is due to the variety of demarcation approaches in various studies. In conclusion, conclusions are formulated about the limitations of object-oriented approaches for solving the problem of demarcation of information conflicts.

An assessment of sentencing approaches to persons convicted of white-collar crime in South Africa

Assessing court sentencing approaches to persons convicted of white-collar crime is a complex task. For the purposes of this article, this research task involved assessing the appropriateness of sentences imposed within the proportionality principle during the period 2016 to 2021 in South Africa. This further involved the empirical use of both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, in order to determine how commercial courts – in this case, the Bellville Commercial (Regional) Court – impose a sentence on white-collar criminals. The article establishes that, in South Africa, categories of white-collar crime such as corruption, racketeering, fraud and money laundering are increasingly reported by the media, independent institutions and government. There is a public perception that courts are generally lenient in sentencing white-collar offenders. This article aims to determine the appropriateness of a sentence, within the principle of proportionality, for white-collar criminals, in order to deter this type of crime.

Visual Entity Linking via Multi-modal Learning

Existing visual scene understanding methods mainly focus on identifying coarse-grained concepts about the visual objects and their relationships, largely neglecting fine-grained scene understanding. In fact, many data-driven applications on the web (e.g. newsreading and e-shopping) require to accurately recognize much less coarse concepts as entities and properly link to a knowledge graph, which can take their performance to the next level. In light of this, in this paper, we identify a new research task: visual entity linking for fine-grained scene understanding. To accomplish the task, we first extract features of candidate entities from different modalities, i.e., visual features, textual features, and KG features. Then, we design a deep modal-attention neural network-based learning-to-rank method aggregates all features and map visual objects to the entities in KG. Extensive experimental results on the newly constructed dataset show that our proposed method is effective as it significantly improves the accuracy performance from 66.46% to 83.16% comparing with baselines.

Sentence Classification Using N-Grams in Urdu Language Text

The usage of local languages is being common in social media and news channels. The people share the worthy insights about various topics related to their lives in different languages. A bulk of text in various local languages exists on the Internet that contains invaluable information. The analysis of such type of stuff (local language’s text) will certainly help improve a number of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The information extracted from local languages can be used to develop various applications to add new milestone in the field of NLP. In this paper, we presented an applied research task, “multiclass sentence classification for Urdu language text at sentence level existing on the social networks, i.e., Twitter, Facebook, and news channels by using N-grams features.” Our dataset consists of more than 1,00000 instances of twelve (12) different types of topics. A famous machine learning classifier Random Forest is used to classify the sentences. It showed 80.15%, 76.88%, and 64.41% accuracy for unigram, bigram, and trigram features, respectively.

The system of offences related to illicit circulation of digital securities in Russia

  This article is dedicated to the analysis of the system of offences related to the illicit circulation of digital securities in the Russian Federation. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of the mechanism of constructing the system of offences in the sphere of digital economy. The article analyzes the basic FATF acts pertinent to digital assets; examines the alarm signals in using such assets to launder proceeds acquired by illegal means or used to finance terrorism. The author reviews recommendations on application of risk-based approach in the process of creating due legal regulation of digital assets in the FATF member-states (including Russia). As a research task, the article aims to determine which acts associated with the illicit circulation of digital securities are the subjected to criminalization, as well as the composition of these offences considering the technological aspect of the mixed (economic and technological) nature of such assets. The corresponding draft federal laws “On the Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation” and “On the Amendments to the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses”, developed by the Ministry of Finances of the Russian Federation, comprise the legislative normative framework for this research. The conclusion is made on the reception (accounting) of recommendations for further development of such regulation in the Russian Federation.