Basic Neuronavigation Options for Cortical and Subcortical Brain Lesions Surgery

Summary Craniometric points are essential for orienting neurosurgeons in their practice. Understanding the correlations of these points help to manage any pathological lesion located on the cortical surface and subcortically. The brain sulci and gyri should be identified before craniotomy. It is difficult to identify these anatomical structures intraoperatively (after craniotomy) with precision. The main purpose of this study was to collect as much information as possible from the literature and our clinical practice in order to facilitate the placement of craniotomies without using modern neuronavigation systems. Operative reports from the last five years on cranial operations for cortical and subcortical lesions were reviewed. All the craniotomies had been planned, using four methods: detection of craniometric points, computed tomography (CT) scans/topograms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans/topograms, and intraoperative real-time ultrasonography (USG). Retrospectively, we analyzed 295 cranial operations. Our analysis showed that operating on for cortical lesions, we had frequently used the first and the second method mentioned above (118 patients), while in cases of subcortical lesions, we had used craniometric points, MRI scans/topograms and intraoperative real-time USG as methods of neuronavigation (177 patients). These results show that craniometric points are essential in both neurosurgical procedures.

Download Full-text

Imaging

10.1093/med/9780190607166.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Laureno

Keyword(s):

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Cellular Pathology ◽

Brain And Spinal Cord ◽

The Brain

This chapter on “Imaging” examines the relative advantages and disadvantages of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. It compares the modalities to each other and to gross neuropathology. For several decades, neurologists have been able to view cross-sectional images of living patients. Analogous to gross neuropathology, cross-sectional imaging displays the brain as an entire organ but does not demonstrate microscopic tissue or cellular pathology. By allowing practitioners to view sections of brain and spinal cord in vivo, imaging has improved neurologic practice and facilitated clinical research. This chapter deals with imaging topics that are important to the neurologist. The timing of scans, the effects of gravity, and the importance of plane of section are considered. Imaging is compared to gross neuropathology, and MRI is compared to CT.

Download Full-text

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to reduce Gadolinium accumulation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Review

Science Progress and Research ◽

10.52152/spr/2021.163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 416-428

Author(s):

Vijay Anant Athavale ◽

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Scans ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain ◽

New Onset

Gadolinium (Gd) is a based contrast agent is used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In India, gadobutrolhas been is approved for MRI of the Central Nervous System (CNS), liver, kidneys, and breast. It has been noted in several studies that the accumulation of gadolinium occurs in different structures in the brain. Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are regularly followed up with MRI scans and MRI with contrast enhancement is the most common method of distinguishing new-onset pathological changes. Developments in technology and methods in artificial intelligence have shown that there is reason to map out the X-ray technician’s work with examinations and medicines administered to patients may be altered to prevent the accumulation of gadolinium.

Download Full-text

Two-kidney one-clip is a pertinent approach to integrate arterial hypertension in animal models of stroke: Serial magnetic resonance imaging studies of brain lesions before and during cerebral ischemia

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x17715813 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 1769-1780 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Benjamin Ménard ◽

Laurent Chazalviel ◽

Simon Roussel ◽

Myriam Bernaudin ◽

Omar Touzani

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

Cortical Lesions ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Adc Values ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Although chronic arterial hypertension (CAH) represents the major comorbid factor in stroke, it is rarely integrated in preclinical studies of stroke. The majority of those investigations employ spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which display a susceptibility to ischemic damage independent of hypertension. Here, we used a renovascular model of hypertension (RH) to examine, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain alterations during the development of hypertension and after brain ischemia. We also examined whether MRI-derived parameters predict the extent of ischemia-induced brain damage. RH was induced according to the two-kidney one-clip model and multiparametric MRI was performed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after hypertension and also at 10, 50, and 60 min following stroke. Blood pressure values increased progressively and reached a plateau at 6 weeks after RH induction. At 12 weeks, all hypertensive animals displayed spontaneous brain lesions (hemorrhages, deep and cortical lesions, ventricular dilatation), increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the corpus callosum and higher fractional anisotropy in the cortex. Following ischemia, these animals showed larger brain lesions (406 ± 82 vs. 179 ± 36 mm3, p < 0.002) which correlated with ADC values at chronic stage of hypertension. This model of hypertension displays many characteristics of the neuropathology of human CAH. The use of this model in stroke studies is relevant and desirable.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of MRI Orthogonal Planes in Differential Diagnosis of Non-Tumour Brain Lesions

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (40) ◽

pp. 3543-3547

Author(s):

Smitha H. ◽

Meena Devi V. N. ◽

Sreekanth K. S. ◽

Vinoo Jacob

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Tumour Volume ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Precise Diagnosis ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides structural characterization of brain lesions, by measuring volume of axial, sagittal and coronal planes through two dimensional slices. The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify the orthogonal imaging planes to detect non tumour lesions of brain through MRI. METHODS This study included 81 patients, both males and females, suspected of brain lesions and underwent MRI for diagnosis. The variations in the volume of the anatomical structures were measured and compared the planes as axial and sagittal, axial and coronal and coronal and sagittal for non-tumour brain lesions. RESULTS The present study revealed the differences in the measurement of volume in nontumour lesions (N = 81) in axial, sagittal and coronal planes. It was found that the volume of axial planes (9.2) is more dominant than the sagittal (9.1) and coronal planes (8.8) in non-tumour lesions. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 16 software). Two way/Friedman test were used for comparing the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that, in most of the brain lesions irrespective of the type of tumours, axial planes helps more in the detection of tumour volume as compared to sagittal and coronal planes for precise diagnosis of brain lesions. KEY WORDS Axial Plane; Coronal Plane; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Non-Tumour Brain Lesions; Sagittal Plane.

Download Full-text

Intraoperative use of real-time ultrasonography in neurosurgery

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1982.57.2.0157 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 157-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 164

Author(s):

William F. Chandler ◽

James E. Knake ◽

John E. McGillicuddy ◽

Kevin O. Lillehei ◽

Terry M. Silver

Keyword(s):

Arteriovenous Malformation ◽

Real Time ◽

Operating Room ◽

Ventricular Catheter ◽

Neurosurgical Procedures ◽

Content Type ◽

Brain Surface ◽

The Brain ◽

Real Time Ultrasonography ◽

Fine Print

✓ The authors' experience with the intraoperative use of real-time ultrasonography during 21 neurosurgical procedures is reported. These procedures include neoplasm surgery in 18 cases, treatment of an arteriovenous malformation in one case, and ventricular catheter placement for hydrocephalus in two cases. In each of the neoplasm cases, the tumors were imaged just as well through the intact dura as on the brain surface itself. There were no cases in which the pathology could not easily be identified. The use of portable intraoperative ultrasonography in sterile coverings has proven to be extremely useful in localizing small subcortical neoplasms, as well as locating the solid and cystic portions of deep lesions. It has assisted in guiding needles for both biopsy and aspiration. It has also accurately identified and guided Silastic catheters during their placement in the ventricular system in cases of hydrocephalus. The authors have found real-time ultrasonography to be an important new tool in the operating room and will continue to rely on its imaging ability during selected procedures in the future.

Download Full-text

Prepontine intracerebral cyst with spontaneous resolution

Surgical Neurology International ◽

10.25259/sni_473_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 402

Author(s):

Mohammad Hamza Bajwa ◽

Nasr Hussain ◽

Muhammad Ehsan Bari

Keyword(s):

Surgical Intervention ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Foramen Magnum ◽

Spontaneous Resolution ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Intracranial Cysts ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain

Background: Intracranial cysts in the prepontine region are rare and can lead to various complications if not managed appropriately. Symptomatic prepontine cysts may require surgical intervention. However, spontaneous resolution of such cysts is rarely reported in literature. Case Description: We describe the case of a middle-aged lady who presented with headaches and imbalance, with no focal neurological deficits on examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a prepontine cyst compressing the brainstem with craniocaudal extension through the foramen magnum. The patient was given symptomatic treatment and followed closely with repeat MRI scans. These scans showed regression and eventual disappearance of the lesion, with complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusion: In light of the few reported cases of spontaneous resolution of prepontine cysts, we highlight the possibility of these lesions to self-resolve.

Download Full-text

Endoscopic Study of the Oral and Pharyngeal Cavities in the Common Dolphin, Striped Dolphin, Risso’s Dolphin, Harbour Porpoise and Pilot Whale: Reinforced with Other Diagnostic and Anatomic Techniques

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061507 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1507

Author(s):

Álvaro García de los Ríos y Loshuertos ◽

Marta Soler Laguía ◽

Alberto Arencibia Espinosa ◽

Francisco Martínez Gomariz ◽

Cayetano Sánchez Collado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Common Dolphin ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Pilot Whale ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Vascular Plexus ◽

Endoscopic Study ◽

Main Technique ◽

The Common ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

In this work, the fetal and newborn anatomical structures of the dolphin oropharyngeal cavities were studied. The main technique used was endoscopy, as these cavities are narrow tubular spaces and the oral cavity is difficult to photograph without moving the specimen. The endoscope was used to study the mucosal features of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. Two pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes were discovered on either side of the choanae and larynx. These spaces begin close to the musculotubaric channel of the middle ear, are linked to the pterygopalatine recesses (pterygoid sinus) and they extend to the maxillopalatine fossa. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), osteological analysis, sectional anatomy, dissections, and histology were also used to better understand the function of the pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. These data were then compared with the horse’s pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. The histology revealed that a vascular plexus inside these diverticula could help to expel the air from this space to the nasopharynx. In the oral cavity, teeth remain inside the alveolus and covered by gums. The marginal papillae of the tongue differ in extension depending on the fetal specimen studied. The histology reveals that the incisive papilla is vestigial and contain abundant innervation. No ducts were observed inside lateral sublingual folds in the oral cavity proper and caruncles were not seen in the prefrenular space.

Download Full-text

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in patients with dorsal root ganglion stimulation

Pain Practice ◽

10.1111/papr.13067 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Reining ◽

Dirk Winkler ◽

Joachim Boettcher ◽

Juergen Meixensberger ◽

Michael Kretzschmar

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽

Dorsal Root ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Download Full-text

Cinematic rendering of a burst sagittal suture caused by an occipito-frontal gunshot wound

Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology ◽

10.1007/s12024-021-00387-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dominic Gascho ◽

Michael J. Thali ◽

Rosa M. Martinez ◽

Stephan A. Bolliger

Keyword(s):

Gunshot Wound ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The Novel ◽

Sagittal Suture ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cinematic Rendering ◽

Reconstruction Methods ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain

AbstractThe computed tomography (CT) scan of a 19-year-old man who died from an occipito-frontal gunshot wound presented an impressive radiating fracture line where the entire sagittal suture burst due to the high intracranial pressure that arose from a near-contact shot from a 9 mm bullet fired from a Glock 17 pistol. Photorealistic depictions of the radiating fracture lines along the cranial bones were created using three-dimensional reconstruction methods, such as the novel cinematic rendering technique that simulates the propagation and interaction of light when it passes through volumetric data. Since the brain had collapsed, depiction of soft tissue was insufficient on CT images. An additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed, which enabled the diagnostic assessment of cerebral injuries.

Download Full-text

Canine Choroid Plexus Tumor with Intracranial Dissemination Presenting as Multiple Cystic Lesions

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/759054 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Trisha J. Oura ◽

Peter J. Early ◽

Samuel H. Jennings ◽

Melissa J. Lewis ◽

Jeremy R. Tobias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Choroid Plexus ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Cystic Lesions ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Choroid Plexus Tumor ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Mri Characteristics ◽

Possible Cause

A Miniature Pinscher developed acute blindness and behavioral changes. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there were multiple small intra-axial cystic lesions, and primary differential diagnoses included primary or metastatic neoplasia and neurocysticercosis. These cystic lesions were subsequently diagnosed histopathologically as disseminated choroid plexus carcinoma. This is only the second documented description of this diagnosis in a dog, but both patients had very similar MRI findings. This patient adds to the literature about the MRI characteristics of choroid plexus tumors and indicates that choroid plexus tumor should be considered as a possible cause of small multifocal intra-axial cystic brain lesions in dogs, regardless of whether a primary intraventricular lesion is visible.

Download Full-text