scholarly journals Modelling walking accessibility: A case study of Ljubljana, Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-206
Author(s):  
Jernej Tiran ◽  
Mitja Lakner ◽  
Samo Drobne
Keyword(s):  
Distance Decay ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Fixed Distance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Retail Services ◽  
The City

Abstract Walkable access is recognised as one of the most important factors for deciding to walk instead of using other modes of transport. Distance has been less accurately taken into consideration in previous walking accessibility measures, however, as they are often based on an isotropic approach or on a fixed distance threshold. The objective of this paper is to present a method of modelling continuous walking accessibility to different amenities in a city, with an integrated network-based and distance-decay approach, applied to a case study of the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The approach is based on a web survey to obtain data on acceptable walking distances to different types of amenities. Several distance decay functions were analysed for each type of amenity from the cumulative frequency of responses. The best fitting functions were used to model the walking accessibility surfaces for individual amenities in the network, representing five domains (retail, services, recreation, education and transportation) and an overall walking accessibility index. Despite certain limitations and a further need to assess the validity of the methods, our distance-decay network-based approach is more accurate than the isotropic or even network-based modelling of walking distances in continuous or threshold approaches, as it enables the researcher to take into account the differences in propensities to walk to different amenities. The results can be used by city authorities and planners for implementing actions to improve walking accessibility in the most problematic areas.

scholarly journals Accessible Routes Integrating Data from Multiple Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Miguel R. Luaces ◽  
Jesús A. Fisteus ◽  
Luis Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Mario Munoz-Organero ◽  
Jesús Balado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Heterogeneous Data Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Software Sensors ◽  
The City

Providing citizens with the ability to move around in an accessible way is a requirement for all cities today. However, modeling city infrastructures so that accessible routes can be computed is a challenge because it involves collecting information from multiple, large-scale and heterogeneous data sources. In this paper, we propose and validate the architecture of an information system that creates an accessibility data model for cities by ingesting data from different types of sources and provides an application that can be used by people with different abilities to compute accessible routes. The article describes the processes that allow building a network of pedestrian infrastructures from the OpenStreetMap information (i.e., sidewalks and pedestrian crossings), improving the network with information extracted obtained from mobile-sensed LiDAR data (i.e., ramps, steps, and pedestrian crossings), detecting obstacles using volunteered information collected from the hardware sensors of the mobile devices of the citizens (i.e., ramps and steps), and detecting accessibility problems with software sensors in social networks (i.e., Twitter). The information system is validated through its application in a case study in the city of Vigo (Spain).

scholarly journals Urban, industrial and technological risks. Synthesis of the elements of vulnerability of the city of Hassi-Messaoud

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lahcene Bouzouaid ◽  
Moussadek Benabbas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The City

Abstract Today, Algeria is one of the developing countries that are engaging seriously into a new approach consisting of all kinds of combined risk assessments for better prevention them. Note that, this is a fairly important parameter, that is, the safety of people and property. However, the magnitude of the risk, of whatever nature, affects a variety of diversified aspects (Human, economic, technical and environmental). This study presented a case study, which is sometimes paradoxical, seeing that it is the result of the combination of all risk factors and specific factors related to them connected to a fragile urban environment: Hassi-Messaoud. It is well known that Hassi-Messaoud is one of the most important city for Algeria's economy; in which the demographic development is mainly known by incessant flows of immigrants, motivated essentially by job search. This arbitrary of population distribution exposes this city to a certain danger; especially as Hassi-Messaoud is in a zone subject to a probable risk expressed here by being characteristic of an oil zone. Thus, this article aimed to provide elements of risk assessment related to oil activity. This approach could conclude that, through a schematic scale, the different types and levels of exposure and vulnerability could be identified, that is, characteristics of the urban space in question.

scholarly journals Geographic and socioeconomic distribution of food vendors: a case study of a municipality in the Southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nappi Correa ◽  
Cristina Maria Proença Padez ◽  
Ângelo Horta de Abreu ◽  
Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify the food vendor distribution profile of the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, and investigate its association with the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of different municipal regions. This descriptive, cross-sectional study obtained the location of food vendors from secondary data from different institutional sources. The density of different types of food vendors per 1,000 inhabitants in each municipal weighted area was calculated. The Kruskal-Wallis test compared the mean density of food vendors and the weighted income areas. The lowest-income regions had the lowest density of butchers, snack bars, supermarkets, bakeries/pastry shops, natural product stores, juice bars, and convenience stores. The identification of these areas may encourage the creation of public policies that facilitate healthy food startups and/or maintenance of healthy food vendors, especially in the lowest-income regions.

The Development and Application of the Green Construction Technology in Small and Mid-Sized Cities - A Case Study of Jincheng, Shanxi Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Min Cui ◽  
Yuan Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Green Buildings ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Green Construction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

This paper sets as the research object the development and application of the green construction technology in the city of Jincheng and makes an analysis on the representative examples selected respectively from three different types of buildings, that is, residential, office and commerrcial buildings, to summarize the technical achievements as well as raise the relevant suggestions for the further development of the green construction technology, which will play an important role to guide the improvement and advancement of the green buildings in small and mid-sized cities.

scholarly journals How Does China’s New Consumption Era Reshape Residents’ Shopping Behaviors from the Perspective of Community in Hohhot, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7599
Author(s):  
Fangqu Niu ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
New Era ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Variable Influence ◽  
The City

In the new consumption era, the popularization and application of information technology has continuously enriched residents’ consumption channels, gradually reshaping their consumption concepts and shopping behaviors. In this paper, Hohhot is taken as a case study, using open-source big data and field survey data to theorize the characteristics and mechanism of residents’ shopping behaviors in different segments of consumers based on geography. First, communities were divided into five types according to their location and properties: main communities in urban areas (MCs), historical communities in urban areas (HCs), high-grade communities in the outskirts of the city (HGCs), mid-grade communities in urban peripheries (MGCs), and urban villages (UVs). On this basis, a structural equation model is used to explore the characteristics of residents’ shopping behaviors and their influencing mechanisms in the new consumption era. The results showed that: (1) The online shopping penetration rate of residents in UVs and HCs is lowest, and that of residents in HGC is highest. (2) The types of products purchased in online and offline shopping by different types of community show certain differences. (3) From the perspective of influencing mechanisms, residents’ characteristics directly affect their shopping behaviors and, indirectly (through the choice of community where they live and their consumption attitudes), their differences in shopping behaviors. Different properties of communities cannot directly affect residents’ shopping behaviors, but they can affect them indirectly by influencing consumption attitudes and then affect such behaviors. Typical consumption attitudes of the new era, such as shopping for luxuries and emerging consumption, have the most significant and direct influence on shopping behaviors, as well as an intermediate and variable influence.

A Modified Gravity p-Median Model for Optimizing Facility Locations

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuolin Tao ◽  
Qingjing Zheng ◽  
Hui Kong
Keyword(s):  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Distance Decay ◽  
Decay Parameter ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Facility Locations ◽  
Spatial Equity ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe gravityp-median model is an important improvement to the widely-usedp-median model. However, there is still a debate on its validity in empirical applications. Previous studies even doubt the significance of the gravityp-median model. Using a case study of tertiary hospitals in Shenzhen, China, this study re-examines the difference between the gravityp-median model with thep-median model, by decomposing the difference between the two models into gravity rule and variant attraction. This study also proposes a modified gravityp-median model by incorporating a distance threshold. The empirical results support the validity of the gravityp-median model, and also reveal that only when the attractions of candidate facility locations are variable will the gravityp-median model lead to different results with thep-median model. The difference between the modified gravityp-median model and the gravityp-median model is also examined. Moreover, the impacts of the distance-decay parameter and distance threshold on solutions are investigated. Results indicate that a larger distance-decay parameter tends to result in a more dispersed distribution of optimal facilities and a smaller average travel time, and a smaller distance threshold can better promote the spatial equity of facilities. The proposed method can also be applied in studies of other types of facilities or in other areas.

scholarly journals THE METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY OF THE CONCEPT OF CENTRALLY MANAGED DISTRIBUTION IN CITIES

Transport ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wasiak ◽  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Konrad Lewczuk ◽  
Emilian Szczepański
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing Problem ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Logistics Network ◽  
Cross Docking ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City ◽  
Central Management

The paper describes proecological solution dedicated for organizing logistics services in urban areas. Proposed solution is based on cross-docking processes combined with consolidation centres. Authors proposed new method of estimating economic and social benefits from implementing centrally managed cooperation of logistics operators using common city consolidation hubs. Developed mathematical model bases on Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with vehicles of different types, limited loading capacities and multiply depots characterized by limited throughput. Proposed approach was supported by case study of integration of distribution processes in Warsaw (Poland) performed by three medium-size logistics operators. The central management of distribution was investigated in variants assuming using existing warehouses and with new configuration of logistics network developed with using SIMMAG 3D tools. As it was proved for analysed case, total costs of distribution in the city after implementation of centrally managed distribution were reduced by 8.1% for variant with current depots and by 26.5% for variant with new logistics network, while emission of carbon monoxide (CO) was reduced respectively by 7.8 and 16.7%.

scholarly journals Understanding the Living Conditions of Chinese Urban Neighborhoods through Social Infrastructure Configurations: The Case Study of Tianjin

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Sun ◽  
Weikai Wang ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Ya Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City

Under the unprecedented wave of urbanization and pace of economic development, the living conditions of residents have been unevenly changed in Chinese cities. To understand the diversified living conditions in Chinese urban neighborhoods from the supply-side point of view, new spatial and residential data were gathered to investigate the social infrastructure configurations around the residential communities. Using Tianjin as a case study, the research focuses on six important categories of human needs: education, healthcare, leisure, culture, entertainment, and transportation. Based on the cumulative accessibility measurements of 25 types of facilities, the social infrastructure configurations within neighborhoods are statistically and spatially analyzed and compared. The study discovered that: (1) despite the great diversity of living conditions in the city, the neighborhoods that have better services and strong associations with entertainment and education are prominent; (2) the neighborhoods with advantageous living conditions in different aspects tend to cluster at different places; (3) the neighborhoods of different types of communities, belonging to different administrative districts, or in different urban zones, all have distinctive characteristics in living conditions.

THE CLASSIFICATION OF PRAYER HALLS IN MODERN SAUDI MASJIDS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CITY OF JEDDAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elkhateeb ◽  
Maged Attia ◽  
Yaser Balila ◽  
Adnan Adas
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Prayer hall, where traditional Muslim prayers take place, is the most important element of Masjids (mosques). Prayer halls are historically shaped as simple orthogonal walled spaces. Over time, little changes have occurred to them. Recently, with the evolution of architectural schools of thought and the advent of new construction and electromechanical systems, prayer halls have been subject to creativity and experimentation. Architects designed prayer halls with different shapes, spatial configurations and forms which, in some instances, contradict with the essentials of prayer. This research attempts to monitor and classify different types of contemporary prayer halls according to their spatial configuration with special reference to the Saudi Arabian context. Taking the city of Jeddah as a case study, a representative sample of masjids is surveyed, documented, analyzed and classified. The analysis is based on shape, enclosure, symmetry and complexity of prayer halls space. The study concludes basic and non-basic prayer halls and their corresponding bisects. The classification, however, constitutes a base upon which design criteria for prayer halls across the Islamic countries can be built.

scholarly journals Green infrastructure evaluation model: Case study of Belgrade

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Marija Cvetkovic ◽  
Ivan Simic ◽  
Vladimir Mihajlov
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Planning Approach ◽  
The City

In this article, we consider possibilities to apply green infrastructure as an urban planning approach that provides polyvalent space for ecosystem services and human well-being and evaluates their impact on the city (re)generative space of biophilia. Two residential areas in Belgrade (block 45 in New Belgrade and Savamala neighborhood in the old city center) will be used as the focus of the research presented in this article. Even though they are characterized by different ecological, urban, morphological and social characteristics, they share direct contact with Sava River. Therefore, the adaptive potential of these spatial segments will be the subject of the analysis presented in this article, and the emphasis will be on applying and evaluating design within the integrated network of green infrastructure, and the study will determine what impact it has to planning and implementation of elements of green infrastructure.

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